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	History News Network
		De Brazza's family had asked that their forefather be buried in the city he founded and administrated.
		De Brazza is remembered in the Central African country for mounting investigations into charges of exploitation of the native population.
		De Brazza was born in Italy in 1852, but later took French citizenship and first travelled to Central Africa on exploratory missions for the French navy.
	hnn.us /roundup/entries/30474.html (397 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Programmes \| Final return to Congo
		Pietro Di Brazza was born in the mid-19th Century into a well-to-do Italian family who lived in a rather grand palace in the centre of Rome.
		Di Brazza's imagination was fired by this story when he was still a child - and later by an atlas in his father's library containing a map of Africa with a big blank space in the dark heart of the continent.
		One of Di Brazza's descendants, a great-niece, showed me a film of her participation last year in an African dance, touching toes with the current Makoko, or local king, as they both sway to the rhythm of the drums.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/programmes/5370744.stm (817 words)

	A VERY UNLIKELY NATIONAL HERO Independent, The (London) - Find Articles
		When Pietro Savorgnan di Brazza was growing up in Italy in the 1850s, there was a map of Africa on the wall of his home with a large white space in the middle, indicating the vast area where no white man - merchant, missionary or cartographer -had ever set foot.
		Brazza's father had scrawled by the side of the white space, "This would be an interesting place to visit." Brazza was of the same opinion.
		Brazza was born in 1852 in Rome into a wealthy, artistic and enlightened family, son of a young aristocratic mother who had married her much older husband after he returned from half a lifetime tramping around in faraway places.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20060911/ai_n16721416 (906 words)

	L'explorateur Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza inhumé au Congo
		Le «collectif des salariés en lutte de Libération» a déversé des vieux exemplaires du journal devant le domicile de l'actionnaire principal du journal, Edouard de Rothschild.
		Des marins congolais en uniforme blanc ont porté le cercueil recouvert du drapeau français tandis que retentissait un hymne à la gloire de l'architecte de l'Afrique équatoriale française.
		Militante des droits de l'homme, elle a révélé que sa grand-mère était arménienne, rescapée du génocide de 1915.
	liberation.fr /actualite/reuters/reuters_france/208341.FR.php?rss=true (556 words)

	Célébrations nationales 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Fort de l’appui de l’amiral de Montaignac, ami de son père, il entra à l’École Navale à titre étranger en 1868, et obtint ensuite d’être embarqué sur les vaisseaux de l’État.
		Brazza avait affranchi des esclaves et fondé deux stations hospitalières et scientifiques, Franceville sur le Haut-Ogooué et Brazzaville, futur chef-lieu de la nouvelle colonie.
		Il dénonça les brutalités de certains fonctionnaires et surtout les méfaits des compagnies concessionnaires qui mettaient la contrée en coupe réglée et asservissaient les populations, si bien que sa mort, survenue sur la route du retour, a pu être imputée à un empoisonnement criminel.
	www.culture.gouv.fr /culture/actualites/celebrations2005/debrazza.htm (566 words)

	An African rarity in Congo: Honors for Brazza, its colonial governor - Africa & Middle East - International Herald ...
		Brazza died in 1905, in Senegal, en route to France to deliver an embarrassing report about the brutality of colonial rule, and the return of his bones was supposed to mark the 100th anniversary of his death.
		Brazza was born in 1852, near Rome, the son of an Italian count with French connections.
		Brazza used his youthful spirit to win over African chiefs, though in the end he handed them the same cheap glass beads and bolts of cloth that other explorers traded for huge territories.
	www.iht.com /articles/2006/11/29/news/journal.php (888 words)

	Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza
		Pierre Paul François Camille Savorgnan de Brazza (January 26, 1852 - September 14, 1905) was an explorer of Italian nationality.
		Born in Rome as Pietro Paolo Savorgnan di Brazza, he was the seventh son of Count Ascanio Savorgnan di Brazza, a nobleman of Udine with many French connections.
		Reaching the Congo River in 1880, Brazza proposed to King Makoko of the Batekes that he place his kingdom under the protection of the French flag.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/p/pi/pierre_savorgnan_de_brazza.html (502 words)

	Savorgnan De Brazza et sa famille reposent désormais à Brazzaville (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Le maire de la ville, Hugues Ngouélondélé, a indiqué que cette cérémonie était l’aboutissement d’une vision partagée entre les autorités du Congo, du Gabon et de la France, ajoutant que Pierre Savorgnan De Brazza fut un grand homme, un esprit éclairé, un homme épris de paix et de justice.
		De son vivant, De Brazza avait bien voulu reposer après sa vie dans la capitale congolaise, au bord du fleuve Congo.
		Parmi les descendants de la famille de De Brazza ayant effectué le déplacement de Brazzaville, l’on peut citer Carrado Pirzio Biroli, fils de Detalmo, arrière petit neveu de De Talmo De Brazza, frère de l’explorateur et Isabelle Ronvaux.
	www.congo-site.com.cob-web.org:8888 /pub/fr/v4x/actualites/article.php?num=5488 (818 words)

	Savorgnan De Brazza (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Pietro Paolo Savorgnan di BrazzÃ , best known as '''Pierre Paul FranÃ§ois Camille Savorgnan de Brazza''' (January 26, 1852 - September 14, 1905) was an Italian explorer.
		His next ship was the ''Venus'', which stopped at Gabon regularly, and in 1874 de Brazza made two trips, up the Gabon and Ogoue rivers.
		Reaching the Congo River in 1880, Brazza proposed to King Makoko of the Bateke s that he place his kingdom under the protection of the French flag.
	www.seattleluxury.com.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/entry/Savorgnan_de_Brazza (610 words)

	Remains of De Brazza transferred to Congo from Algeria
		De Braza was born in Italy in 1852 as Pietro Paolo di Brazzà.
		But while De Brazza has been praised by officials of several nations, include the French government; his “humanitarian” impact on Africa is being questioned by many, including the president of Gabon Omar Bongo Ondimba.
		For a great number of Africans, De Brazza was only an arm of a colonial administration that sought to expand in the African continent.
	www.north-africa.com /opensource/story2-oct0406.htm (255 words)

	Brazza, Pierre Paul FranÃ§ois Camille Savorgnan de - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Brazza, Pierre Paul François Camille Savorgnan de, 1852-1905, Franco-Italian empire builder.
		He was born Pietro Paolo Savorgnan di Brazza but adopted the French form of his name in 1874, when he became a French citizen.
		He served as a French colonial official from 1883 and was commissioner general of the French Congo (1886-98).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-brazza-p.html (194 words)

	Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza Summary
		Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza was born in Rome on Jan. 25, 1852, the scion of an old aristocratic family.
		It was at that time that Brazza, undaunted by the failure of a previous French expedition to penetrate to the heart of Equatorial Africa, conceived the idea of using the Ogooué River under the belief that it might connect with the Lualaba--the Upper Congo--recently discovered by David Livingstone.
		Brazza's last trip to Africa, in 1905, was an inspection tour of conditions in the Congo.
	www.bookrags.com /Pierre_Savorgnan_de_Brazza (1395 words)

	Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza - Wikipédia
		Brazza s’enfonce dans l’intérieur des terres, et réussit à entretenir de bonnes relations avec la population locale, grâce à son charme et son bagout.
		Des journalistes font état des salaires décents et des conditions humaines qui contrastaient avec le régime personnel de Léopold II sur l’autre rive du Congo.
		Le cercueil de Savorgnan de Brazza était recouvert du drapeau français.
	fr.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pierre_Savorgnan_de_Brazza (2047 words)

	BATEKE - Pierre SAVORGNAN DE BRAZZA (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		I était le fils d'un noble italien, Ascanio CONTE DE BRAZZA et d'une mère vénitienne Giacinta SIMONETTI.
		Naturalisé français, DE BRAZZA devient le 20 février enseigne à titre auxiliaire.
		Ce fut Savorgnan de Brazza qui fut le premier à entrer en relations directes et personnelles avec le célèbre roi qui avait hanté l'imagination des Européens.
	www.bateke.com.cob-web.org:8888 /bateke/savorgnan_de_brazza.htm (418 words)

	[LDH-Toulon] Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza (1852 - 1905)
		Et il fallait que ces villages fussent situés au bord des rivières parce que les Blancs allaient venir avec des pirogues marchant avec le feu.
		Brazza a, en effet, constaté que les villages indigènes ont beaucoup diminué en nombre et en importance.
		En France, Brazza fut fêté en héros, présenté comme l’ami des Noirs et le libérateur des esclaves, un explorateur de légende.
	www.ldh-toulon.net /spip.php?article976 (2084 words)

	Fondation Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Le 3 octobre 2006, les cendres de Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza et de sa famille seront inhumées à Brazzaville, la capitale du Congo qu’il fonda au terme d’une fantastique épopée et où il vécut heureux quatorze années durant.
		Le devoir du souvenir, la nécessité de restituer, aussi bien pour les générations présentes qu’à venir, les repères de l’histoire congolaise ainsi que les pérégrinations de sa rencontre avec le monde, constituent les objectifs d’une oeuvre culturelle que ses promoteurs souhaitent cristalliser.
		Aussi, dans la perspective de vulgariser son oeuvre, que nous plaçons sous le signe de la rencontre des civilisations, de promouvoir la coopération décentralisée et la solidarité internationale, et d’édifier un complexe culturel en sa mémoire, avons-nous cru devoir lui rendre un déférent hommage, en créant une association d’utilité publique dénommée :
	www.fondationdebrazza.com (132 words)

	Pierre Paul François Camille Savorgnan de Brazza Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Brazza's father was an Italian patriot and a liberal who refused to live under Austrian rule in Udine in northern Italy and settled in Rome, returning to his family estate only after the Friuli region had been ceded to Piedmont in 1859.
		Brazza warned the French government instead and secured their approval for his project to outrace Stanley, now working on Leopold's behalf.
		Brazza's opposition to the granting of extensive land rights to private firms increasingly brought him into conflict with private interest groups, and in 1898, under a tenuous pretext, Brazza (then on sick leave in Algeria) was relieved of his position without having been given a chance to defend himself.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/camille-savorgnan-de-brazza (815 words)

	A photograph of Brazza taken by Paul Nadar about 1882
		Brazza, who had added an area three times the size of France to the French empire in Africa, was labeled a negrophile and a foreigner.
		Brazza, realizing that the dancers were telling him that there was a slave camp nearby, interrupted the performance and asked to be taken to the camp.
		Brazzaville is one of the few African cities to retain its colonial name, out of respect for "the peaceful conqueror," a fitting tribute to an idealist who always remained faithful to his quest for knowledge and to his dream of a better world.
	www.croatians.com /BRAZZA-CONGO.htm (869 words)

	Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza - Wikipédia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		En 1874, Brazza remonte deux fois le fleuve Gabon et l’Ogooué.
		En 1905, à la suite du scandale de l’affaire Toqué-Gaud (voir ci-dessous), on lui demande d’inspecter les conditions de vie dans les colonies, conditions qui s’étaient détériorées pendant son absence.
		Partisan des palabres, farouchement opposé à la violence, il garde comme modèle Livingstone et s’oppose en cela à Stanley, surnommé « Boula Matari » (« briseur de roches »), qui s’est vanté d’avoir livré 32 combats.
	fr.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Pierre_Savorgnan_de_Brazza (2056 words)

	Les Dépêches de Brazzaville
		Quand, en cette petite saison sèche de 2003, nous avons décidé de nous rendre à Mbé, au cœur des plateaux Batékés, afin de rencontrer le souverain de ces terres, nous étions loin d'imaginer que nous recevrions un accueil aussi chaleureux.
		La commission de mobilisation sociale, composée de deux assistantes sociales Pierrette Ndziono et Mélanie Kilondo, a organisé une campagne de vaccination du 12 au 18 décembre contre le tétanos, suite à l'appel du 12 décembre à l'égard des femmes (de 12 à 49 ans).
		Une délégation conduite par le ministre d'Etat tchadien, ministre de l'Aménagement du territoire, de l'urbanisme et de l'habitat, Nouradine Delwa Kassiré Coumakoye, a été reçu le 14 décembre par le chef de l'Etat congolais, président en exercice de l'Union africaine (UA).
	www.brazzaville-adiac.com /index.php?action=theme&them_id=15 (701 words)

	Brazzaville, Republic of Congo \| Sprol
		Brazzaville, capital of the Republic of Congo, was born.
		Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza negotiated a treaty with King Teke on behalf of the French and the village of Nkuna was re-named in Brazza’s honour.
		french equatorial africa, brazzaville, savorgnan de brazza, pierre savorgnan de brazza, republic of congo, middle congo, paternalism, free french forces, colonies, unprecedented, french colonialism, french colonialists, italian explorer, charles degaulle
	www.sprol.com /?p=347 (1289 words)

	Le blog de Kangni Alem » Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, le bon colon?
		Je viens rapidement dire que le peuple Congolais n’a rien a voir avec cette veneration de De Brazza qu’on lui impose.
		Continuons d’espÃ©rer de voir une lecture vraie et sincÃ¨re qui nous dira pourquoi cet homme puisse mÃ©riter tout ce qu’il lui est Ã©rigÃ©.
		A propos du “traitÃ© de MbÃ©” que certains utilisent comme argument pour montrer que DE BRAZZA n’occupait pas les terrains par la force mais en bon entente avec les chefs locaux.
	togopages.net /blog/?p=565 (4640 words)

	Events - Transfer of the mortal remains of the explorer Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza (Brazzaville, October 3, 2006)in ...
		Transfer of the mortal remains of the explorer Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza (Brazzaville, October 3, 2006)in Brazzaville (October 3, 2006)
		Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, born in Rome in 1852, was one of the most extraordinary figures in the French presence in Africa.
		One hundred years after his death, his family and the Congolese authorities wished Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza to lie with his friends and family in the city which bears his name and which was founded exactly 126 years ago on October 3, 1880.
	www.diplomatie.gouv.fr /en/country-files_156/democratic-republic-of-congo_202/ceremony-in-brazzaville-october-3-2006_6783.html (290 words)

	Pierre-Paul-François-Camille Savorgnan de Brazza (1852-1905), French African Explorer
		Brazza had his heart on a career in the navy, but Italy did not have a well-established fleet so With the help of a family friend, Brazza entered the French naval academy in 1870; at 21 he adopted French citizenship and officially changed his name.
		De Brazza's first sight of central Africa came in 1872, as his ship neared present-day Gabon on an antislavery mission.
		He was received coldly in the city that bore his name, and was appalled at the corruption and slavery he discovered.
	www.colonialsoldier.com /history/eastafricabrazza.php (556 words)

	Gulf Times â€“ Qatarâ€™s top-selling English daily newspaper - Europe/World
		Draped in the French flag, his coffin, transferred on Monday from Algiers where he was buried in 1905, was carried by Congolese naval officers to the burial chamber under the imposing glass and marble mausoleum alongside those of his wife and four children who were also transferred from the Algerian capital.
		Nguempio is the heir to King Ilo I who in 1880 signed a treaty authorising Savorgnan de Brazza to settle on the banks of the Congo river, where he founded Brazzaville on October 3, 1880.
		The Savorgnan de Brazza family had demanded that Nguempio be invited before they would allow the ceremony to go ahead.
	www.gulf-times.com /site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=111020&version=1&template_id=39&parent_id=21 (747 words)

	The Congress of Berlin
		Before Savorgnan de Brazza left, he placed the new post under the command of a Senegalese sergeant named Malamine and two other Senegalese soldiers, then returned to the coast by following along the Congo itself.
		The Senegalese refused to leave and in 1883, Savorgnan de Brazza returned with a larger force to organize the colony that became the French Congo.
		The most important consequence of the Berlin Act was the reduction of tensions that had resulted from the French explorations in the Congo basin (Savorgnan de Brazza, 1876-1877), the establishment of Belgian posts in the Congo (1879-1884), the French invasion of Tunisia (1881), and the British takeover of Egypt (1882).
	courses.wcupa.edu /jones/his312/lectures/ber-cong.htm (1553 words)

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