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Topic: Sawtooth wave

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	Square wave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Square waves are universally encountered in digital switching circuits and are naturally generated by binary (two-level) logic devices.
		A curiosity of the convergence of the Fourier series representation of the square wave is the Gibbs phenomenon.
		The ratio of the high period to the total period of a square wave is called the duty cycle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Square_wave (727 words)

	Sawtooth wave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The sawtooth wave (or saw wave) is a kind of basic non-sinusoidal waveform.
		It is named a sawtooth based on its resemblance to the teeth on the blade of a saw.
		A sawtooth wave's sound is harsh and clear and its spectrum contains both even and odd harmonics of the fundamental frequency.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sawtooth_wave (266 words)

	Amplitude control for sawtooth wave form - Patent 4002992
		The sawtooth voltage wave form generating circuit of claim 3 in which the voltage comparing means is a comparator amplifier having two input terminals, one of which is connected to the source of reference voltage and the other of which is connected to the output terminal.
		Such a sawtooth wave form is customarily generated by charging a capacitor at a uniform rate until a signal responsive to an event being measured is effective to cause the capacitor to be rapidly discharged.
		Wave form (a) is the wave form of the sawtooth wave form voltage generated by the circuit consisting of amplifier 11, capacitor 12 and switch 21.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4002992.html (1694 words)

	Sawtooth wave -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The sawtooth wave is a kind of basic (The shape of a wave illustrated graphically by plotting the values of the period quantity against time) waveform.
		It is named a sawtooth based on its resemblance to the teeth on the blade of a (Hand tool having a toothed blade for cutting) saw.
		A sawtooth wave's sound is harsh and clear and its spectrum contains both even and odd (A tone that is a component of a complex sound) harmonics of the (The lowest tone of a harmonic series) fundamental frequency.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sa/sawtooth_wave.htm (370 words)

	wave
		The amplitude of a wave is the measure of the magnitude of the maximum disturbance in the medium during one wave cycle, and is measured in units depending on the type of wave.
		For examples, waves on a string have an amplitude expressed as a distance (meters), sound waves as pressure (pascals) and electromagnetic waves as the amplitude of the electric field (volts/meter).
		Waves that are moving are called travelling waves, and have a disturbance that varies both with time t and distance z.
	www.fact-library.com /wave.html (757 words)

	Sawtooth wave form circuit - Patent 4009398 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A sawtooth wave forming circuit as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a second capacitor connnected to the connection between the constant current circuit and the differential amplifier, and a second switching circuit connected between ground and the second capacitor.
		The present invention relates to a sawtooth wave forming circuit, and it particularly pertains to a sawtooth wave forming circuit in which a differential amplifier is utilized.
		The second object of this invention is to provide a sawtooth wave forming circuit capable of simultaneously and arbitrarily altering the slopes of the rise and fall of the waves.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4009398.html (1391 words)

	The "SNICster" Waveform Generator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sawtooth and triangle wave shapes are commonly available in most analog synthesizers.
		One of the interesting features of the SNIC shaper is that, in the sawtooth limit, the output is in quadrature with the input sawtooth.
		This means that the input and output may be combined to produce either a frequency-doubled sawtooth or a square wave.
	home.earthlink.net /~ijfritz/sy_cir10.htm (1058 words)

	Spinwarp :: digital music : tutorials, techniques & tunes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A triangle wave shape is a bit more mechanical sounding, still dark and deep and fairly smooth, but a little bit sharper, kind of a sine wave with a point in the middle.
		Triangle waves make good unoffending lead instruments in chip tunes, as they are bright enough to stand out, but not loud and obnoxious like a square wave or a sawtooth wave.
		Square waves also make good chip leads, but their volumes and pitches should be watched more carefully, as they can be really offensive to the ear.
	www.spinwarp.com /modules.php?op=modload&name=Sections&file=index&req=viewarticle&artid=11&page=1 (1669 words)

	Cyndustries - Modular Analog Synthesizers
		In 1977, Bernie published his original design of the SWA which is a circuit that inputs a single sawtooth wave and makes it sound like many.
		Each LFO is added in a special way to the original input sawtooth and creates multiple sawtooth flyback points which move backward and forward in time.
		Three of the triangle wave LFOs are presented at the A, B, C (and X, Y, Z) jacks for your asynchronous modulating pleasure.
	www.cyndustries.com /modules_sawtooth_addinfo.cfm (621 words)

	sine wave - a Whatis.com definition - see also: waveform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Other common AC waveforms are the square wave, the ramp, the sawtooth wave, and the triangular wave.
		Square or sawtooth waves are produced by certain types of electronic oscillators, and by a low-end UPS (uninterruptible power supply) when it is operating from its battery.
		The sine wave is unique in that it represents energy entirely concentrated at a single frequency.
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,,sid9_gci213731,00.html (214 words)

	.htmlFourier Synthesis
		If a single wave repeats or oscillates 100 times in a second then the wave has a frequency of 100 Hertz.
		So, a Square wave is composed of only odd-numbered harmonics with amplitudes in the ratio 1/n (f, 3f, 5f, 7f.......with amplitudes of 1, 1/3, 1/5, 1/7........
		So, a Sawtooth wave has both odd-numbered and even-numbered harmonics with amplitudes in the ratio 1/n (f, 2f, 3f, 4f...
	www.teachnet.ie /amhiggins/fourier1.html (680 words)

	Sound Spectra
		c) Suppose you have a "sawtooth" wave as indicated by the instructor.
		The 2nd wave is 2 times the fundamental frequency and the third wave, y3, is 3 times the fundamental frequency.
		The spectrum of a wave is a graph in which the horizontal axis is frequency and the vertical axis is amplitude as opposed to a time-series graph (signal vs. time) that an oscilloscope displays.
	www.warren-wilson.edu /~physics/physics2/Sound_Spectra/spectra.html (899 words)

	JSyn Tutorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It turns out that the sawtooth wave is the starting point for generating all the other waveforms.
		Notice that when the sawtooth wave is above zero that the square is high, and vice versa.
		Notice that when the sawtooth wave is above zero, that the triangle wave is descending from +1.0 to -1.0.
	www.softsynth.com /jsyn/tutorial/other_osc.html (212 words)

	Waveform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Waveform quite literally means the shape and form of a signal, such as a wave moving across the surface of water, or the vibration of a plucked string.
		Trapezoidal wave: This is a combination of a square wave and a sawtooth wave.
		This is the integral of the square wave.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/W/Waveform.htm (447 words)

	Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Basics
		For a single low frequency sine wave as modulating signal modulating the width of a fixed frequency (fs) pulse train the spectra is as shown in Fig 2.
		For a sawtooth wave of frequency fs the samples are at 2fs.
		For a single phase inverter modulated by a sine-sawtooth comparison, if we compare a sine wave of magnitude from -2 to +2 with a traingle from -1 to +1 the linear relation between the input signal and the average output signal will be lost.
	www.powerdesigners.com /InfoWeb/design_center/articles/PWM/pwm.shtm (636 words)

	Basic Electronics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A convenient method of measuring a triangular wave's period is from one positive (or negative) peak to the next.
		A single transient disturbance manifest a an isolated wave, one of a series of transient disturbances recurring at irregular intervals, or a short train of high-frequency waves, such as are used in echo sounding or radar.
		Sawtooth waveform with linear change of V or I. That part of a waveform which changes at a constant rate.
	web.axs.net /jhutton/webstu21.htm (2724 words)

	JSyn Tutorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The sawtooth oscillator generates a waveform that rises steadily to +1.0, then snaps down to -1.0, then rises up again.
		If we want a sawtooth wave as part of our output then we must calculate a sawtooth wave and mix it by adding it to the other audio that we are generating.
		The state of the sawtooth waveform is represented by a variable called "phase".
	www.softsynth.com /jsyn/tutorial/how_sawtooth.html (405 words)

	Triangular wave oscillator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The output of the Schmitt circuit becomes the square wave.
		The output of the Schmitt circuit is inputted to the integration circuit.
		The output of the integration circuit becomes the triangular wave.
	www.interq.or.jp /japan/se-inoue/e_ckt16.htm (205 words)

	EDN -- 03.01.96 Precision waveform converter uses sawtooth wave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The addition of the sawtooth waveform into the comparators' reference inputs produces a linear approximation of a staircase, thereby improving the timeout precision.
		Of course, the sawtooth frequency must be at least 10× higher than the fastest timeout.
		In any case, adding the sawtooth wave makes this method practical by reducing the number of necessary comparators.
	www.edn.com /archives/1996/030196/05di5.htm (342 words)

	NWCForum - Sawtooth
		The sawtooth waveform has a non-musical application in things such as TV monitors - it is used to sweep the electron beam across the face of the tube, then quickly return the beam to the other side.
		For those still interested in the sawtooth wave form: In 'old fashioned' analog synthesizers both square waves and sawtooth wave oscillators were used as the source of sound.
		A sawtooth is the sum of all (n) harmonics (sine waves full octaves up of the ground note sine and in phase with the ground note).
	www.noteworthysoftware.com /nwcforum/3259.htm (1001 words)

	Learn Electronics Lessons and Information Pages
		Wave whose amplitude is the sine of a linear function of time.
		Sound waves are generally audible to the human ear if the frequency is between approximately 20 and 20,000 vibrations per second.
		Wave that alternates between two fixed values for an equal amount of time.
	www.twysted-pair.com /dicts.htm (1667 words)

	SYNTH SECRETS
		This is the square wave, so-called not because its shape is truly square, but because it is a pulse waveform that spends the same amount of time at its peak as it does at its nadir (Figure 12).
		Clearly, the square wave is a special case of the class of waveforms called pulse waves, all of which share the same 'rectangular' shape, but are different in as much as the ratio of the time the signal spends at the
		A pulse wave has the same harmonic distribution as a sawtooth wave except that, for a duty cycle of 1:n (where n is an integer) every nth harmonic is missing from the spectrum.
	www.sospubs.co.uk /sos/feb00/articles/synthsecrets.htm (2270 words)

	Excitation of Shear Wave in Rubber-Like Medium by Focused Sawtooth Wave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Absorption of acoustic wave gives rise to radiation pressure, which is associated with momentum transfer from the wave to the medium.
		Ultrasonic excitation of shear waves is a promising method of elasticity imaging of biological tissue.
		To increase the efficiency of ultrasound absorption and corresponding shear wave excitation, high amplitude tone bursts that transform into sawtooth wave close to focus are employed.
	www.physik3.gwdg.de /isna/poster-review-abstracts/T.Sinilo.html (228 words)

	Sawtooth wave oscillator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The difference with the triangular wave oscillator is to be changing the time of the charging and the discharging of the capacitor.
		When the output of IC(1/2) is positive voltage, it charges rapidly by the small resistance(R1) value.(When the integration output voltage falls) When the output of IC(1/2) is negative voltage, it is made to charge gradually at the big resistance(R2) value.
		Like the triangular wave oscillator, the line voltage needs both of the positive power supply and the negative power supply.
	www.interq.or.jp /japan/se-inoue/e_ckt17.htm (307 words)

	Oscillators
		A sawtooth wave can be generated by using harmonic amplitudes of 1/f.
		A square wave can be implemented by using amplitudes of 1/f on the odd harmonics only and amplitudes of zero for the even harmonics.
		This is due to the bumps that occur at the corners of the square wave.
	csounds.com /ezine/spring1999/beginner (1326 words)

	Alcoa Inc Cycle Wave Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Sawtooth statistic measures the time from each periodic high to the next periodic low, in comparison to the time from that low to the next high point.
		The mid-point, corresponding to a perfect sine wave, is 50 percent.
		The chart represents the sawtooth percentage of (approximately) monthly cycles over the past year, and of the (approximately) bi-weekly cycles, averaged over the past six months.
	www.stock-predictions.com /fourier-frequency/AA.aspx (1016 words)

	Forums - Single oscilator synth, multiple waveforms? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ie thw saw tooth wave is converted into a triangle, square, sine...
		But basically most of the DCO's make a sawtooth wave from a digital clock and a voltage to control the charging of the capacitor in the oscillator.
		Triangle is often done by inverting every second cycle of the sawtooth and sine is derived from the tri by a VCF.
	www.inthemix.com.au /forum/printthread.php?t=82421 (414 words)

	Voltage Controlled Duty Cycle Sawtooth Circuit
		There was a discussion on synth-diy a while ago about the problems of building a voltage controlled oscillator with a sawtooth wave output whose duty cycle (the ratio of ramp-up time to ramp-down time) is adjustable with a seperate control voltage.
		The basic idea is to take our rising sawtooth source and it's inverse, a falling sawtooth from +5.0V to 0.0V, adjust the relative gains of those two, and use the arithmetic minimum of those two signals as the output.
		To keep the output amplitude constant the two gains should be such that the sum of the recipricals of the gains is constant.
	www.till.com /articles/VariableSaw (597 words)

	NSR - document_view
		This function is generates a train of square waves and can be used to generate a single pulse.
		It's parameters are the same as the Square Wave, where shapeFactor controls the fraction of the period the sawtooth is rising and falling.
		Hence, this function can be used to generate a train of sawtooth wave trains.
	nsr.bioeng.washington.edu /PLN/Members/butterw/JSIMDOC1.6/User_Fgen.stx (2291 words)

	Physics 102
		A 1000-Hz sine wave is used as a carrier in a ring modulator, with a 100-Hz sawtooth as the modulator wave.
		The wave from a sinusoidal source that moves back and forth with respect to the observer appears both amplitude and frequency modulated.
		The sound is that of a sawtooth wave (rich in harmonics) that starts at full volume as soon as the key is pressed (short attack) and then slowly decays in amplitude (volume), keeping a constant period (pitch).
	www.physics.umd.edu /courses/Phys102/brill/EX2-2.HTM (1457 words)

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