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Topic: Saxon Interregnum

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	Interregnum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An interregnum is a period between kings, or between popes of the Roman Catholic Church.
		The English Interregnum from 1649 â“ 1660 was a republican period in Britain, comprising the Commonwealth and the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell after the regicide of Charles I and before the restoration of Charles II
		An interregnum occurs also upon the death of the Roman Catholic Pope, though this is generally known as a sede vacante (vacant seat).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Interregnum (266 words)

	JERZY DYGDA£A
		Saxon Attempts at an Infiltration of the Nobility in Poland during the Interregnum of 1733
		According to the Saxon diplomats almost a half of the approximately 300 members of the political elite, both at the central and voivodeships levels, was composed of actual or potential supporters of the Wettin candidate.
		Wishing to restore the rank which they held during the Saxon era, the magnates, the most powerful being Hetman Ksawery Branicki, the son of Catherine’s alleged daughter, perceived the king as the main obstacle on the path towards regaining their former omnipotence.
	www.kh.semper.pl /summ4_03.html (717 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Germany
		The war with the Saxons was the most important one he carried on, and the result of this struggle, of fundamental importance for German history, was that the Saxons were brought into connexion with the other Germanic tribes and did not fall under Scandinavian influence.
		The revolt of the Saxons against the royal authority was led both by spiritual and secular princes, and it was not until after many humiliations that Henry was able to conquer them in the battle on the Unstrut (1075).
		Although after a long struggle the double Duchy of Bavaria-Saxony was dissolved, yet the Saxon duchy that was given by the treaty of 1142 to young Henry the Lion, son of Henry the Proud, continued a menace to the Hohenstaufen rule.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06484b.htm (21139 words)

	King of the Britons - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When Vortigern returned and called for the return of the Saxons, the house of Brittany, in exile since Vortigern's ascension, returned to Britain and destroyed the Saxons.
		Cadwallader, an example of the decline of the Britons, was the son of a Saxon queen and grandson of a Gewissei king.
		The house intermarried with the Saxons and, later, the Normans, and the authority of the British people waned until it was no more than another piece of the English ethnicity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/King_of_the_Britons (1584 words)

	Encyclopedia: Keredic
		According to Geoffrey, Keredic's rule was so unpopular that the Saxon inhabitants of the island enlisted the aid of an army of Vandals from Ireland to drive him from his kingdom.
		Geoffrey's legendary Keredic may have been a conflation of Cerdic, the traditional founder of Wessex, who, despite his political affiliation with the Saxons, was likely of British descent himself, and another Cerdic, who reigned over the Celtic kingdom of Elmet in present day Leeds until his defeat at the hands of Edwin of Northumbria.
		Whatever the case, Geoffrey places a lentgthy interregnum between the expulsion of Keredic and the rise of the next British king, Cadvan.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Keredic (190 words)

	Kingdoms of Germany - Saxony
		The Franks under Charlemagne slowly conquered the pagan Saxon tribes (782-804).
		The Saxons were initially subsumed by the Frankish Empire, but emerged as a separate kingdom during the Carolingian fragmentation that followed.
		The title of the duchy of Saxony had passed to the Margraves of Meissen, a march county between the original Saxon lands and Poland.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsEurope/GermanySaxons.htm (525 words)

	Holy Roman Empire - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This collegiate was formally established by a 1356 decree known as the Golden Bull.
		The time from 1246 (beginning with the election of Heinrich Raspe and William of Holland) to 1273, when Rudolph I of Habsburg was elected king, is commonly referred to as the Interregnum.
		The difficulties in electing the king eventually led to the emergence of a fixed collegiate of electors, the Kurfürsten, whose composition and procedures were fixed in the Golden Bull of 1356.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Holy_Roman_Empire (4417 words)

	journal lortab . journal lortab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		These measures made him very unpopular, alienating journal lortab THE COMMONWEALTH INTERREGNUM (1649-1660) Cromwell's convincing military successes at Drogheda in Ireland (1649), Dunbar in Scotland (1650) and Worcester in England (1651) forced Charles I's son, Charles, into foreign exile despite being accepted as King in Scotland.
		From 1649 to 1660, England was therefore a republic during a period known as the Interregnum ('between reigns').
		A series of political journal lortab and Catholic faith, was forced to abdicate the throne.
	books.traff.biz /lortab/journal-lortab.html (1206 words)

	Summaries in English (main texts only)
		Members of the gentry present at the convention recognised themselves to be not only representatives of the Commonwealth, but also the country as a whole, and introduced a republican form of governance for the interregnum period.
		It unquestionably constituted the supreme and best–organised form of rule proposed by the gentry for the interregnum, at least to the end of the seventeenth century.
		Studies concerning political literature dating from the interregnum of 1733 have not produced a thorough monograph.
	www.kh.semper.pl /summ07.html (1365 words)

	Saxon Coat of Arms, Family Crest
		First found in Lancashire where they were seated from early times and their first records appeared on the early census rolls taken by the early Kings of Britain to determine the rate of taxation of their subjects.
		Some of the first settlers of this name or some of its variants were: Charles Saxon settled in New York in 1823; Sir Charles Saxton settled in Charleston S.C. aged 50 in 1820; Giles Saxton settled in Salem Mass.
		It was during this revolution, and the subsequent interregnum, that Oliver Cromwell became the most influential man in...
	www.houseofnames.com /xq/asp/sId./s.Saxon/email.yes/origin./qx/coatofarms_details.htm (840 words)

	Timeline of Anglo Saxon England 801 AD-898 AD
		The men of Cornish Dumnonia clash with the Saxons of Devon at the Battle of Galford.
		They are besieged at Nottingham by a joint Saxon force under Kings Aethelred I of Wessex and Burghred of Mercia.
		Cut-off from the rest of Saxon England, he is only recognised outside his kingdom as High-Reeve or Ealdorman of Bamburgh.
	www.britannia.com /history/saxontime3.html (2653 words)

	ELECTORS (Ger. Kurfursten, from Kilren, O.H.G. kiosan, choose, elect, and Furst, prince) - Online Information article ...
		To prevent tumultuary elections, it was well that the election should be left exclusively with these great dignitaries; and this is what, by the middle of the 13th century, had eventually been done.
		The chaos of the interregnum from 1198 to 1212 showed the way for the new departure; the chaos of the great interregnum (12501273) led to its being finally taken.
		The contested election of the interregnum of 11981212 brought these difficulties and doubts into strong relief.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /ECG_EMS/ELECTORS_Ger_Kurfursten_from_K.html (2370 words)

	HRE Notes
		His success in controlling the dukes was due partly to the freedom he allowed them in their duchies and partly to his ambitious foreign policy.
		He annexed Lorraine, strengthened Saxon defenses against the Magyars and Norsemen by encouraging the building of fortified towns, and urged Saxon expansion in the Slavic lands beyond the Elbe River.
		The Great Interregnum, as the period without a recognized emperor was called, marked the triumph of the papacy over the empire--a victory achieved with French support.
	faculty.ucc.edu /egh-damerow/hre_notes.htm (2530 words)

	Medieval Germany - Merovingian, Carolingian, Saxon, Salian and Hohenstaufen Dynasty
		Henry, Otto, and the later Saxon kings also encouraged eastward expansion and colonization, thereby extending German rule to parts of the Slavic territories of Poland and Bohemia.
		After the death of the last Saxon king in 1024, the crown passed to the Salians, a Frankish tribe.
		The Great Interregnum (1256-73), a period of anarchy in which there was no emperor and German princes vied for individual advantage, followed the death of Frederick's son Conrad IV in 1254.
	www.motherearthtravel.com /history/germany/history-4.htm (3235 words)

	Search Results for "Anglo Saxon period"
		Although he probably was not directly responsible for the compilation of the Anglo - Saxon Chronicle, his patronage of learning undoubtedly encouraged...
		The dark period of the Great Interregnum (1254-73) ended with the election...
		The Anglo - Saxon was at that time used only by a conquered and enslaved...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch/+RwwFq5EDtcdaIwLdDapnGodmxzmjwwwmFqMqdc2nhnGnDqnnFqMqdc2nhnGnDqn (324 words)

	First World War, Interregnum, and Second World War (1914-1944)
		Almost as soon news of the end of the war arrived in Berlin and Vienna, the imperial governments were overthrown by radicalized street mobs and disaffected state bureaucracies.
		Under the terms of Versailles, Germany was prohibited from annexing Austria in any circumstance, while the newly-independent Bavarian and Saxon states had their independence from Germany given similar guarantees.
		Non-Germans on the fringes of Germany -- the French-identified Alsatians, the Schleswig Danes, and the Poles of Poznán and West Prussia -- were allowed to join their nation-states of choice.
	www.ahtg.net /TpA/tpahist5.html (6103 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Kingdom of Kent was one of the original Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England.
		Its origins are completely obscure, since by its geographical position it received some of the first waves of the Saxon invasion, at a time when almost no historical information has survived.
		The name Kent predates the Jutish invadors relates to the much earlier Celtic Kentii tribe whose homeland it was.
	www.informationgenius.com /encyclopedia/k/ki/kingdom_of_kent.html (199 words)

	[No title]
		The English shires and hundreds, the continental counties and Grafschaften are riddled with districts in which the place of the ordinary judges of the land is taken by secular or ecclesiastical magnates or their representatives, among whom the secular judges of ecclesiastical corporations, the advocati (avoues, Vogte), are the most conspicuous.
		Some claim to descend from the ceorls of Saxon times, a class of free peasants who were gradually crushed down to rural servitude.
		Be that as it may, the distinctive features of villeinage are derived from all its original sources and are blended to form a condition which is neither slavery nor self-incurred serfdom nor the subjection of free peasants to their rulers.
	socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca /~econ/ugcm/3ll3/vinogradoff/feudal (9209 words)

	Francis Atterbury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Such was the argument which prefaced Atterbury’s colourful history of Convocation from Saxon times to the period of the Reformation.
		In ‘The Wisdom of Providence manifested in the Revolutions of Government’ (preached before the House of Commons in 1701), he argued that such events made men aware of Divine Providence, and that they acted as a means of political justice, humbling the supposed wisdom of men and thereby encouraging national piety.
		Atterbury also assumed that the relative paucity of such events revealed the essential fitness of England’s forms of government since Saxon times, with the brief exceptions of the Norman Conquest, the Interregnum and the rule of James II.
	www.thoemmes.com /encyclopedia/atterbury.htm (943 words)

	Althusius: Politica: XVIII
		Ephors are the representatives of the commonwealth or universal association to whom, by the consent of the people associated in a political body, the supreme responsibility has been entrusted for employing its power and right in constituting the supreme magistrate and in assisting him with aid and counsel in the activities of the associated body.
		The third is that in time of interregnum, or of an incapacitated administration of the commonwealth, the ephors become a trustee for the supreme magistrate and undertake the administration of the commonwealth until another supreme magistrate is elected.
		Likewise, he and the Saxon prince are trustees and vicars of the imperium in time of interregnum.
	www.constitution.org /alth/alth_18.htm (10128 words)

	Parish of Mickleham - Brief History of St Michael's Church
		The original Church was a small Saxon one of nave and chancel only.
		In the interregnum between the two Viking invasions, when Edgar was on the throne (959 - 975), quite a few Churches were built in the villages of England and it is likely that St. Michael's was one of them.
		It is known that before the so-called "improvement and re-construction" of 1842, our Church bore many evidences of great antiquity and the architect at that time, F P Robinson, produced a folio volume entitled "An Attempt to Ascertain the Age Of Mickleham Church", published by Carpenter, of Bond Street.
	www.leatherheadweb.org.uk /mickleham/history_m.html (1052 words)

	Cambridgeshire History - Cambridgeshire
		William of Normandy conducted in person the military operations for the reduction of the isle; but he was compelled to retire, and it was only by the voluntary submission of Thurstan and the monks that he obtained possession of the Fen fortress, which he garrisoned with Norman troops.
		Thurstan died in 1072, the last Saxon Abbot of Ely; and after an interregnum of nine years, the first Norman abbot was installed in the person of Simeon, a relative of the Conqueror, and eighty-seven years of age.
		From here the entire length of the cathedral is impressively visible, along the narrow Norman nave with its nineteenth century roof painting to die great stained glass window behind the presbytery and high altar at the east end.
	www.cambridgeshirehistory.com /cambridgeshire/TownsandVillages/Ely/Cathedral (3809 words)

	Interregnum Or Endgame? Radical Right Thought In The Post-Fascist Era
		Contemporary history is thus an ‘interregnum’ for the spiritually awakened (a concept derived from the Conservative Revolution).
		The modern world is not an interregnum, but it is an endgame, one being continually played out, like the eternal recurrence of world snooker competitions and European cup football on British TV, superimposing a cyclic pattern on rectilinear history.
		Instead it is between genuinely liberal versions of democracy open to global humanitarian and ecological perspectives on the one hand, and radical right versions on the other which exploit the profound ambiguity of the concept ‘demos’.
	www.alphalink.com.au /~radnat/theories-right/theory2.html (5152 words)

	interregnum_of_severus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Interregnum of Severus was a legendary time in British history following the death of St. Lucius as accounted by...
		See live article Â Â â¢Â Â Interregnum of Severus Â Interregnum of Severus The Interregnum of Severus was a legendary time in British history following the death of St. Lucius as accounted by Geoffrey...
		See also Geoffrey of Monmouth Interregnum of Severus, see also Libius Severus Saxon Interregnum Interregnum (solitaire) Â Â This article was derived...
	interregnum_of_severus.networklive.org (334 words)

	Britain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Detailing traditional and mythological British rulers, a listing of Roman governors, Counts of the Saxon Shore, Dux Britanniarum, Prime Ministers, the English Princes of Wales, the Lord High Stewards of England, and the Lord Mayors of London.
		One of the highest-ranked military sub-governors of Roman Britain, the Count of the Saxon Shore controlled most of Kent and the coast of southern and eastern Britain.
		Still, it remains true that the Welsh retain a sense of connectivity with the pre-Saxon Britons, and to the extent that their Princes continued the task of defending their realm from the Saxons and later the Normans, then one can perceive, if only dimly, a continuity of sorts.
	www.hostkingdom.net /Britain.html (2294 words)

	The Heroic Age: Beowulf and the Wills: Notes and Bibliography
		It is as though we were looking back over many ranges from a high pass, while the Saxon, if he bothered to look back at all, would see his valley pathway swallowed by close woods, not far from the sound of water.
		The vexed issue of succession finally brought the period itself to a violent end, fomented by strife among rival claimants, a Norwegian, a Norman, and two Godwinsson hopefuls whose claim was based mainly upon Cnut's advancement of their capable father and-for Harald though certainly not for Tostig-the rumor of Edward's deathbed selection.
		And while it may be valid to oppose odal to feudal landholding in the Early Saxon Period, archaeologists continue to unearth, in field boundaries and elsewhere, clear evidence of manorial subdivision on Late Saxon estates.
	www.mun.ca /mst/heroicage/issues/5/Glosecki2.html (4790 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		While a great many of the Saxon rights were abridged following the Norman conquest, the right and duty of arms possession was retained.
		Under the Assize of Arms of 1181, "the whole community of freemen" between the ages of 15 and 40 were required by law to possess certain arms, which were arranged in proportion to their possessions.[2] They were required twice a year to demonstrate to Royal officials that they were appropriately armed.
		Following the Bill of Rights, Parliament reenacted that statute, leaving its operative parts unchanged with one exception--which removed the word "guns" from the list of items forbidden to the poorer citizens.[25] The right to keep and bear arms would henceforth belong to all English subjects, rich and poor alike.
	www.rkba.org /research/1982rkba.txt (13904 words)

	NOD - 800 to 899 AD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Saxons inflict a major naval defeat on Viking raiders off the Sandwich Coast.
		Although many Danes were killed, the Saxons under Ethelred were defeated and driven from the field with great slaughter.
		Compilation of Anglo Saxon Chronicle is begun, perhaps at the direction of Alfred the Great.
	www.druidcircle.net /timeline-8.html (5401 words)

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