Scalar (computing)

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Topic: Scalar (computing)

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	Nonlinear Programming FAQ
		Global Optimization is a collection of functions for global nonlinear optimization that uses the Mathematica system as an interface for defining the nonlinear system to be solved and for computing function numeric values.
		Hansen, Jaumard, and Mathon, "Constrained Nonlinear 0-1 Programming", ORSA Journal on Computing, 5, 2 (1993).
		Schittkowski, by Hock and Schittkowski, and by Torn and Zilinskas.
	www-unix.mcs.anl.gov /otc/Guide/faq/nonlinear-programming-faq.html

	Optical matrix multiplier - Patent 4620293
		Each element of the first M rows of the mask matrix is representative of the combination of a predetermined value in a known matrix, M, having M rows, and a scalar constant, c.
		This scalar value can be used to adjust the outputs of the first M photodetectors, the result being equivalent to Q.multidot.M. Inventors:
		An optical computing system is provided for performing a linear multiplication operation involving a matrix with bipolar values.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4620293.html (2542 words)

	Bipolar Stimulation - Scalar Field Methods - Research - Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute
		The resulting scalar, vector and tensor fields provide detailed insight into neural activation as a function of cell properties, electrode position and stimulation waveform.
		The primary purpose of the model is to determine which axons are activated as a function of stimulus paradigm.
		Finally, this current vector is normalized for fiber cross-sectional area and superimposed on each axon in a collapsed 2D image (Fig C).
	www.sci.utah.edu /research/bipolar-stimulation.html (246 words)

	Load (computing) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On Unix and Unix-like systems the load average is generally given as three scalar numbers, representing the average number of processes ready to run in the last one, five and fifteen minutes.
		Note that the load average is a measure solely of CPU utilization.
		The average load of a computer system is known as the load average.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Load_average (391 words)

	Scalar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In mathematics, physics, and computing, a scalar is a quantity usually characterized by a single numeric value or not involving the concept of direction.
		In physics, a scalar is a simple physical quantity that does not change under a change of coordinate system; for example, speed (180 km/h) is a scalar, while velocity (180 km/h north) is a vector.
		In mathematics, scalars are components of vector spaces (and modules), usually real numbers which can be multiplied into vectors by scalar multiplication, or produced from vectors by scalar product.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scalar (265 words)

	Scalar Field Methods - Research - Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute
		Scalar Field Methods - Research - Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute
		Typically, scalar field data being visualized is not continuous (as the original scalar field is), but is composed of a set of discrete sampled values.
		For example, if a scalar field of atmospheric temperature values is used for aviation flight planning, the range of values is bounded to the values possible in the atmosphere.
	www.sci.utah.edu /research/scalar-field-meth.html (290 words)

	Coherence Engine
		Scalar values -- regular old numbers like integers, floats, and doubles with no associated units -- are the mainstay of programming.
		There are other applications for scalars, of course, most notably counting and iteration.
		Geoff Cohen's blog on social software, human interfaces, online games, biological models of computing, intellectual property, and the future of software.
	www.coherenceengine.com /blog/2003/09/do-we-need-scalars-for-programming.html (290 words)

	ECC Cryptography Tutorial - 5.1 Scalar Multiplication
		Specifically, consider the operation called "scalar multiplication" under additive notation: that is, computing kP by adding together k copies of the point P. Using multiplicative notation, this operation consists of multiplying together k copies of the point P, yielding the point PPPPand.P = Pk.
		The following animation demonstrates scalar multiplication through the combination of point doubling and point addition.
		While it is customary to use additive notation to describe an elliptic curve group (as has been done previously in this classroom), some insight is provided by using multiplicative notation.
	www.certicom.com /index.php?action=ecc_tutorial,ecc_tut_5_1 (106 words)

	Meeting of The Divison of Particles and Fields of The American Physical Society
		Analysis of this data sets the world's lowest exclusion limits on the coherent WIMP-nucleon scalar cross-section for all WIMP masses above 15 GeV/c^2.
		This run consisted of operating 4 Ge and 2 Si ZIP detectors for 52.6 live days and yields a post-analysis WIMP exposure of 19.4 kg-d for recoil energies between 10-100 keV.
		The CDMS collaboration has completed its first WIMP search run at the Soudan Underground Laboratory.
	physics.ucr.edu /~billdbrk/Abstract.html?id=16 (96 words)

	MIMD Processors
		Meiko CS-2 Utilizes SPARC microprocessorsEach node has its own memory (up to 512 MB using scalar processors) and is capable of up to 200 MFLOPs (using Vector processors).
		Meiko Computing Surface 2A distributed memory multi-vector processor.
		The meiko CS-2 It is an distributed memory MIMD machines built from the SPARC processor The processor are connected by a multi-stage switch network which provides a bi-sectional bandwidth.
	digital5.ece.tntech.edu /TechLinks/mimd.htm (1829 words)

	The Stanford SUIF Compiler Group
		The Collective: The System Architecture of a Computing Utility
		Improving Program Robustness via Static Analysis and Dynamic Instrumentation.
	suif.stanford.edu (1829 words)

	Computing in TutorGig Encyclopedia
		Load, in computing, is a measure of the amount of processing a computer system is currently performing, usually in the form of a scalar and as some variation on a percentage.
		In computing, DOC or doc short for document is a common file extension, traditionally used for documentation in plain text plain text file format format, particularly of programs or computer hardware..
		In the context of computing, a polyglot is a computer program or script computer programming script written in a valid form of multiple programming language s, which performs the same operations or output..
	www.tutorgig.com /es/Computing/3 (817 words)

	Open Directory - Computers: Programming: Languages: Fortran
		High Performance Computing Projects - Distributed computing in background, courses, links; at Liverpool University.
		High Performance Computing: UCLA Plasma Simulation Group - Links to papers on Object-Oriented Programming in Fortran 90, Optimization techniques for RISC processors, Parallel Particle-in-Cell Codes, Parallel Computing Tutorial, and Modernization of Fortran Legacy Codes.
		Object Oriented Fortran 90 - Summarizes much of the current work in object oriented programming using Fortran 90 on scalar workstations and distributed-memory supercomputers.
	dmoz.org /Computers/Programming/Languages/Fortran (817 words)

	EDN Access--05.08.97 EDN's 1997 DSP-Arichitecture Directory
		The four vector processors can simultaneously operate on this quad using one instruction, with the scalar processor computing an address or pointer.
		One instruction can compute a memory address using the scalar processor, fetch four or eight parallel operands from an arbitrary starting address, and operate on those operands using the vector processors.
		You can use the scalar processor for scalar arithmetic and Boolean operations; for program control; and for computation of data addresses, program addresses, and loop counts.
	www.edn.com /archives/1997/050897/10cs2.htm (13452 words)

	PGI About News
		The PGI Fortran compiler and development tools are used widely in high-performance computing (HPC), the field of technical computing engaged in the modeling and simulation of complex processes, such as ocean modeling, weather forecasting, geophysical processing, aerodynamic simulation, structural analysis, automotive crash testing, computational chemistry, and related fields.
		All PGI compilers and tools feature full native support for OpenMP parallel programming extensions in Fortran, C, and C++; full support for 64-bit addressing; native integrated scalar and vector SSE/SSE2 code generation; and a bundled version of the ACML 2.5 library of highly optimized numeric functions for mathematical, engineering, scientific, and financial applications.
		The OpenMP API is the de-facto standard for programming multi-processor, shared-memory parallel (SMP) computing systems.
	www.pgroup.com /about/news.htm (8180 words)

	CEWIT.ORG - Center of Execellence in Wireless and Information Technology
		All the WLAN access points are eventually connected to a wired backbone to reach the Internet or enterprise computing resources.
		In turn, the scalar problem relates in a direct and informative manner to the (scalar) channel transfer function and allows a per-formance metric to be defined on the basis of the channel alone.
		Having the right understanding of the technology and business envi-ronment as well as utilizing the appropriate enterprise man-agement solutions is critical to ensure a secure and manage-able wireless computing environment.
	www.cewit.org /2004Program.asp (19922 words)

	SGI tinkers with hybrid computer architecture
		To speed up high-performance computers, “a stovepipe, single-paradigm architecture may not be the answer,” SGI's chief technology officer Eng Lim Goh said last week at the National High-Performance Computing and Communications Conference in Newport, R.I. Typically, scalar processing and vector processing have been two distinct microprocessor design approaches.
		For larger computational tasks, scalar processing has grown increasingly popular, largely thanks to Intel Corp. and its low-cost mass-produced computer chips that can be clustered together to make low-cost supercomputers.
		Seeking the best of both chip design worlds, SGI is working on high-performance computers that combine vector- and scalar-processing components.
	www.gcn.com /vol1_no1/daily-updates/25511-1.html (19922 words)

	SPHEREPACK 3.1: A Model Development Facility
		The package contains programs for computing certain common differential operators including divergence, vorticity, gradients, and the Laplacian of both scalar and vector functions.
		Also, given the gradient, the corresponding scalar function can be computed.
		computes the scalar vorticity of a vector function on a Gaussian grid using O(N**3) storage, initialized by shsgsi.
	www.cisl.ucar.edu /css/software/spherepack (3038 words)

	SFU MATH 252, Vector Calculus: Spring 2005, Week 9
		Irrotational fields are conservative in simply connected domains, examples of conservative fields, computing the scalar potential, example of non-conservative irrotational field in punctured domain; solenoidal fields, vector potential
		Solenoidal vector fields have vector potential in simply connected domains, interpretation of scalar and vector potential; surfaces, normal vector, orientation, nonorientable surfaces
		Conservative fields, scalar potential function, fundamental theorem of calculus for gradients, path-independence for conservative fields; irrotational fields
	www.math.sfu.ca /~ralfw/math252/week9.html (92 words)

	Re: Is Matrix inversion O(N^3)?
		Leibnitz and Dr. Newton were still computing the first integral in the history :) Strassen algorithm was researched in the hope of reducing the number of scalar operations, namely the number of scalar miltiplications, at the cost of introducing extra additions.
		An good introduction in the Strassen and Vinograd algorithms can be found on http://www.supercomp.org/sc96/proceedings/SC96PROC/JACOBSON/ Anyway, if Strassen algorithm were not have a clear advantage in number of scalar operations, then it would have never been published.
		The algorithm is even not a question for applied math, it is in the scope of computational math.
	www.talkaboutelectronicequipment.com /group/comp.dsp/messages/161706.html (92 words)

	Ken Kennedy's Home Page
		His current work falls into four main project areas: the Telescoping Languages Project; the Grid Application Development Programming Tools effort; research on Compilers and Tools for Scalable Scientific Computing; and the Massively Scalar Compiler Project.
		Kennedy's research interests include parallel computing in science and engineering, scientific programming environments, and optimization of compiled code.
		The Center for High Performance Software Research (HiPerSoft) is a research development center that specializes in leading and managing cross-institutional, multidisciplinary research consortia, primarily in software for high performance computing.
	www.cs.rice.edu /~ken (92 words)

	Four-Space Visualization of 4D Objects - Chapter 2
		For example, computing the addition of two four-vectors is a matter of forming a resultant vector whose components are the sum of the pairwise coordinates of the two operand vectors.
		The third condition is also satisfied, since a scalar multiple of one of the vectors yields a scalar multiple of one of the rows of the 4x4 matrix.
		Rotation in four space is initially difficult to conceive because the first impulse is to try to rotate about an axis in four space.
	stevehollasch.com /thesis/chapter2.html (1025 words)

	japan3
		Fujitsu Fortran 77/VP is the only programming language that takes advantage of the Fujitsu VP vector capability, although object code produced by any other compiler or assembler available for IBM scalar mainframe computers will execute correctly on the VP in scalar mode.
		To optimize use of the VP vector hardware, Fujitsu encourages VP users to perform all computing tasks, other than executing their Fortran application programs, on the front-end computer.
		On the Fujitsu the loop unrolled to a depth of two provides the maximum execution rates; on the Hitachi the optimal depth is four; and on the CRAY the more the loop is unrolled the better the performance (for these tests the loops were unrolled to a level of 16 on the CRAY).
	www.netlib.org /papers/japan3 (1025 words)

	vtkVectorNorm class Reference
		vtkVectorNorm is a filter that generates scalar values by computing Euclidean norm of vector triplets.
		Control how the filter works to generate scalar data from the input vector data.
		By default, the filter operates on both point and cell data if vector point and cell data, respectively, are available from the input.
	wolfman.eos.uoguelph.ca /local/vtk/html/classvtkVectorNorm.html (572 words)

	No Title
		In computing this integral you should take advantage of any shortcuts that arise; the most important shortcut is that if the restriction of f to S happens to be a constant k, then the integral is just k times the area of S, which you might already know.
		The integral on the right is a scalar surface integral, where the scalar we are integrating is
		Of course a similar remark applies to a problem asking you to ``use the theorem'' to find ``that integral''; you should compute ``this integral.'' If a problem says to ``verify'' a theorem, it means that you have to compute both integrals and show that they are equal.
	www.math.okstate.edu /~myersr/4013/review/r3/r3.html (1725 words)

	Vector and Scalar Parallel Supercomputers
		Gigaboosters at: The High Performance Computing Group of the Electronics Laboratory, ETH Zurich.
		SR 2201s at: The High Performance Computing Center in Stuttgart.
		This computer, like the SX-4, has a small and a large chassis model.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/6270/superp.html (1725 words)

	VolPack User's Guide
		The color of a voxel is found by computing a color for each material type and then combining the colors in proportion to the fraction of each material in the voxel.
		are the voxel field numbers in which to store the scalar values from the array, the gradient-magnitudes of the scalar values, and the encoded surface normals respectively.
		Opacity is the inverse of transparency: an opacity of 0.0 indicates a fully-transparent voxel, while an opacity of 1.0 indicates a voxel which completely occludes anything behind it.
	www-graphics.stanford.edu /software/volpack/vp_userguide.html (6904 words)

	Second Capra workshop on Black Holes and Gravitational Waves
		He also reported on progress computing the forces both from the mode sum of the Green's function and analytic expressions for the Green's function.
		The analytic work was supported by numerical evolutions using the scalar field Teukolsky code.
		Amos Ori followed Wiseman by presenting a concrete a method of computing the radiation reaction force with a mode sum.
	www.phys.lsu.edu /mog/mog14/node15.html (6904 words)

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Topic: Scalar (computing)

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