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Topic: Scalar programming


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In the News (Sun 27 Dec 09)

  
  Array programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Array programming languages (also known as vector or multidimensional languages) generalize operations on scalars to apply transparently to vectors, matrices, and higher dimensional arrays.
Function rank is an important concept to array programming languages in general, by analogy to tensor rank in mathematics: functions that operate on data may be classified by the number of dimensions they act on.
The canonical examples of array programming languages are APL, its sucessor J, and Fortran 95.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Array_programming   (516 words)

  
 Scalar programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Scalar programming is a term used to refer to those programming approaches that do not follow the Array programming paradigm.
The fundamental idea behind Scalar Programming is that operations apply to a single value at a time.
This makes it a low-level programming model as it restricts the programmer to think and operate on the elemental constituents of data aggregates, and resorting to explicit loops of individual scalar operations to process the whole aggregates.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scalar_programming   (121 words)

  
 Programming paradigm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A programming paradigm is a paradigmatic style of programming (compare with a methodology which is a paradigmatic style of doing software engineering).
A programming paradigm provides (and determines) the view that the programmer has of the execution of the program.
For instance, in object-oriented programming, programmers can think of a program as a collection of interacting objects, while in functional programming a program can be thought of as a sequence of stateless function evaluations.
www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Programming_paradigm   (373 words)

  
 ASPN : Python Cookbook : Observer pattern for scalar attributes.   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
Assumes that each attribute is used (exclusivly) for either scalar values, lists or maps.
A scalar attribute is an attribute whose values do not have internal structure.
Scalars are integers, floats, (short) strings, and references to instances and classes.
aspn.activestate.com /ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/306865   (686 words)

  
 Nonlinear Programming FAQ
Semidefinite Programming is a generalization of linear programming to the space of block diagonal, symmetric, positive semidefinite matrices.
Communicating with a nonlinear programming code can be particularly tedious and error-prone, especially if you have to write programs in a language like Fortran or C to compute function (and maybe gradient) values for your objective and constraints.
Schittkowski, by Hock and Schittkowski, and by Torn and Zilinskas.
www-unix.mcs.anl.gov /otc/Guide/faq/nonlinear-programming-faq.html   (5821 words)

  
 The Perl Programming Language   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
Program structure in Perl is somewhat free form by conventional standards.
This is because when we say the scalar variable in the foreach() loop is set to the value of each array element in turn, we're actually using it as an alias for the array element -- changes to $val ``write through'' and modify the element of @numbers.
Most programming languages are concerned with the contents of variables; Perl is concerned with their plurality.
www.antipope.org /charlie/attic/tkperl/ptk-4.html   (7402 words)

  
 [No title]
Since the program stack is a concatenation of monadic functions, it denotes a composition.
Otherwise, if the next program element *y is a function or a symbol, f is called to compute the new data stack and *y is dropped from the program stack.
Otherwise, the next program element is appended to the data stack and dropped from the program stack.
www.nsl.com /papers/interview_note.htm   (1436 words)

  
 ASPN : Python Cookbook : A basic undo mechanism   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
For scalars, we put "scalar_observer" into the attribute slot to intercept accesses to the attribute.
A scalar object is an object which is unstructured, and not shared.
If the value of an attribute is an instance (or None), then this is considered a scalar: the structure is exposed within the instance, not at the attribute level.
aspn.activestate.com /ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/306866   (1564 words)

  
 PROGRAMMING IN PERL FOR THE WORLD WIDE WEB
Scalar data is split into two basic types: numbers and strings.
(Remember that scalar data hold only one thing, as does an array element.) Just remember that when you are referring to the entire array (or at least more than just one element of it) you will use the "at" symbol.
That is, you would set a scalar variable equal to an array that was placed within double quotation marks.
www.geocities.com /dalpha2/perl.html   (7017 words)

  
 Perl 5 By Example
Scalar variables are used to track single pieces of information.
In fact, anytime that an array is used when a scalar is needed, the value used will be the number of array elements.
However, this ability can be confusing while looking at someone else's program if you don't remember that there is a difference between scalar contexts and array contexts.
www.webbasedprogramming.com /Perl-5-By-Example/ch3.htm   (2988 words)

  
 Perl by Avinash
Perl programs are interpreted and executed directly, just as shell scripts are; however, they also contain control structures and operators similar to those found in the C programming language.
The character string enclosed by the / characters is the pattern to be matched, and the scalar variable on the left of the =~ operator is the variable to be examined.
As with scalar variables, the second character of the variable name must be a letter, and subsequent characters of the name can be letters, numbers, or underscores.
www.geocities.com /avis_unix/perl.htm   (12079 words)

  
 Coherence Engine
Scalar values -- regular old numbers like integers, floats, and doubles with no associated units -- are the mainstay of programming.
Computer architectures are designed to move around integers or floating point numbers pretty rapidly; the original Turing machine architecture assumed that the value of cells on the tape were atomic symbols.
There are other applications for scalars, of course, most notably counting and iteration.
www.coherenceengine.com /blog/2003/09/do-we-need-scalars-for-programming.html   (435 words)

  
 Perl Programming
FTT will run Introductory Perl programming courses for beginning programmers if there is a request to to so, however, in general, our Perl programming courses are aimed at experienced programmers.
The aim of this course is to bring already experienced programmers (having several years programming experience in a high level language such as COBOL, Visual Basic, C, Pascal or Fortran.) up to speed with Perl.
Programming Perl is a technical manual and is to Perl what Kernighan and Ritchie's book is to C - i.e.
www.ftt.co.uk /perl0.htm   (491 words)

  
 Advanced Perl Programming
While this is as efficient as it gets, you tend to spend enormous amounts of time dealing with memory management issues, carefully setting up and modifying complex interrelationships between data, and then debugging fatal errors resulting from "dangling pointers" (pointers referring to pieces of memory that have been freed or are no longer in scope).
A scalar, in other words, can be a number, a string, or a reference and can be freely reassigned to one or the other of these (sub)types.
The second common mistake is assigning an array to a scalar ($a = @array) instead of the array reference ($a = \@array).
www.oreilly.com /catalog/advperl/excerpt/ch01.html   (2344 words)

  
 Lingua::Romana::Perligata -- Perl for the XXIimum Century   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
In other words, scalars are always singular nouns, arrays and hashes are always plural (but of different declensions), and the case of the noun specifies its role: accusative for data, dative for target, genitive when being indexed.
means ``for each variable in the list...'', the scalar variable must be in the accusative (as it is governed by the preposition ``for''), and the list must be in the ablative (denoting inclusion).
The use of inflexion to denote semantic roles in a programming language offers an interesting variation from the ubiquity of positional syntax, replacing the requirement to recall syntactic rules with the requirement to remember suffixes.
www.csse.monash.edu.au /~damian/papers/HTML/Perligata.html   (4517 words)

  
 Programming:Perl Scalar Variables - Wikibooks
The best way to learn about scalar variables - Perl talk for a single variable, as against a group or list of values - is to look at an example.
Both numbers and strings have their own set of operators which test for a condition such as equal or not equal and return either true or false.
Rather than returning only true or false, these operators return 1 if the left argument is greater than the right argument, 0 if they are equal, and -1 if the right argument is greater than the left argument.
en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Programming:Perl_Scalar_Variables   (621 words)

  
 Introduction   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
In such cases, traditional goal programming techniques are incapable of identifying certain efficient (non-dominated or Pareto-optimal) solutions in a non-convex boundary.
Two minimax goal programming models are constructed, one of which is formulated as an ordinary scalar linear programming problem and can be readily solved using existing methods such as simplex method.
A numerical example and parametric programming techniques are used to compare this scheme with traditional goal programming in linear multiobjective optimisation.
info.sm.umist.ac.uk /wp/Papers/wp2004.htm   (1935 words)

  
 Programming Perl, 2nd Edition: Sample Chapter
In many programming languages, you have to declare the types, variables, and subroutines you are going to use before you can write the first statement of executable code.
Scalar variables can be assigned any form of scalar value: integers, floating-point numbers, strings, and even esoteric things like references to other variables, or to objects.
Most of the file tests are unary Boolean operators: they take only one operand, a scalar that evaluates to a file or a filehandle, and they return either a true or false value.
www.oreilly.com /catalog/pperl2/excerpt/ch01.html   (11715 words)

  
 Copy constructor called from member function?
Programming Forum and web based access to our favorite programming groups.
Specifically when using my own += operator defined as: template mgMatrix operator+=(S scalar) { std::transform(begin(), end(), begin(), std::bind2nd(std::plus(), scalar)); return *this; }; During testing, T=int and S=int (I use two types here to allow int scalars to be added to double matrices), and scalar=0.
Specifically when using my own += > operator defined as: > > template mgMatrix operator+=(S scalar) { > std::transform(begin(), end(), begin(), std::bind2nd(std::plus(), > scalar)); return *this; }; > > During testing, T=int and S=int (I use two types here to allow int > scalars to be added to double matrices), and scalar=0.
www.codecomments.com /message266636.html   (931 words)

  
 Scalar Values (Programming Perl)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
Although we might speak of a scalar as "containing" a number or a string, scalars are typeless: you are not required to declare your scalars to be of type integer or floating-point or string or whatever.
But they're still scalars, for all that, because no matter how complicated a data structure gets, you often want to treat it as a single value.
[12] Variable interpolation may be done for scalar variables, entire arrays (but not hashes), single elements from an array or hash, or slices (multiple subscripts) of an array or hash.
wziemer.cnsm.csulb.edu /perlCD/prog/ch02_06.htm   (2948 words)

  
 Arrays   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
An array, in Perl, is an ordered list of scalar data.
Arrays can be defined literally in Perl code by simply enclosing the array elements in parentheses and separating each array element with a comma.
Each array element is a scalar so we reference each array element with
www.cs.cf.ac.uk /Dave/Internet/node253.html   (215 words)

  
 MECH 410/520 CAD
B.W. Kernighan and D.M. Ritchie, The C Programming Language, Prentice Hall, 1978.
A simple example C Program is given to get you started with C programming.
Two program functions and the main function are used to fulfill this task.
www.me.uvic.ca /~mech410/ACAD_and_C/c_programming.html   (297 words)

  
 Programming:Perl User I/O - Wikibooks
As you may have imagined, it's very hard to write a good program without any type of input.
In this section, you will learn how to request input from a user which you can use to guide your program's execution.
Write a program which prompts the user for a number and then returns the number multiplied by four (or any other number).
en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Programming:Perl_User_I/O   (263 words)

  
 Teach Yourself Perl 5 in 21 Days
He holds a master's degree in computer science from the University of Waterloo; programming languages was his major field of study.
No previous programming experience is required for you to learn everything you need to know about programming with Perl from this book.
In particular, no knowledge of the C programming language is required.
www.webbasedprogramming.com /Teach-Yourself-Perl-5-in-21-Days   (1918 words)

  
 eXtropia.com | Tutorials | Introduction to Web Programming | Cropping scalar variables with the chop function
Sometimes, you do not want the entire value that has been assigned to a scalar variable.
For example, it is often the case that the lines you retrieve from a data file will incorporate a new line character at the end of the line.
Since we do not actually want the "\n" character included with the last database field, we use the chop function.
www.extropia.com /tutorials/perl_cgi/perl_chop.html   (173 words)

  
 scalar - a Whatis.com definition   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
2) In Perl programming, a scalar is a variable used to represent a block of information.
A scalar can refer to an integer, a float, a string, an object, binary information, or just about anything else.
A mathematical discussion of vectors and coordinate systems includes an explanation of scalar quantities.
whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,,sid9_gci330659,00.html   (146 words)

  
 perl.com: Bless My Referents
There are two obvious motivations: the variable you want may not have a name (it may be an anonymous array or hash), or you may only know which variable you want at run-time (so you don't have a name to offer the compiler).
Because a scalar variable can store a reference to any kind of data, and because dereferencing a reference with the wrong prefix leads to fatal errors, it's sometimes important to be able to determine what type of referent a specific reference refers to.
To do real, useful, production-strength, object-oriented programming in Perl you only need to learn about one extra function, one straightforward piece of additional syntax, and three very simple rules.
www.perl.com /pub/a/1999/09/refererents.html   (2885 words)

  
 st: RE: Stata programming and the scalar/tempname command
scalar__0000OP is the concatenation of scalar and the expanded name of `degreef' (which will change every time you run it).
juni 2002 16:38 > To: statalist@hsphsun2.harvard.edu > Subject: st: Stata programming and the scalar/tempname command > > > Hi this is a bit of a programme that I am writing.
The scalar commands do not appear to work.
www.stata.com /statalist/archive/2002-06/msg00024.html   (356 words)

  
 Perl Beginners First Response: Quoting a scalar in a substitution   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
it a context in the same sense as scalar and list...
interpolation may be done for scalar variables, entire...
A list is an ordered group of scalar values.
bfr.caseywest.com /archives/002513.html   (186 words)

  
 A Conical Approach to Linear Programming : Scalar and Vector Optimization Problems
The conical approach provides a geometrical understanding of optimization and is a powerful research tool and useful problem-solving technique (for example, in decision support and real time control applications).
Conical optimality conditions are first stated in a very general optimization framework, and then applied to linear programming.
A complete theory along with primal and dual algorithms is given, and solutions and algorithms are also provided for vector and robust linear optimization.
www.allbookstores.com /book/9056990314   (161 words)

  
 Gossamer Forum: General: Perl Programming: Converting a scalar to a regular expression
I'm currently trying to make a program that will weed out all the songs in a radio station's playlist listed on their website, which I can then use to query a database to generate an mp3 playlist that is uploadable to an iPod.
I've tried many things including eval and directly plugging in the scalar into the regexp, but in most cases I get infinite loops.
Variables are interpolated inside regexes so your code should work as far as I can tell.
www.gossamer-threads.com /forum/General_C8/Perl_Programming_F14/Converting_a_scalar_to_a_regular_expression_P276959   (357 words)

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