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	Cross-country skiing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Like in most of the other Scandinavian armies, virtually every infantry soldier is given ski training in the Finnish army.
		Cross-country skiing as a sport is part of the Nordic skiing family, which also includes ski jumping, and a combination sport of cross-country skiing and ski jumping called Nordic combined.
		The sport has been used by explorers by means of transport, and all Scandinavian armies train their infantry on skis for winter operations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cross-country_skiing (1975 words)

	Nordic countries - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The correct geological term for the area covered by Scandinavian Peninsula and whole of Finland is Fennoscandia, which is defined by the Fennoscandian shield, one of the oldest bedrocks in the world.
		During the Viking era, the Scandinavian countries all shared a common culture, language and religion; Old Norse and Norse mythology, although Finland, due to its different cultural, mythological and lingustic Finno-Ugric heritage is considered to be separate from the Scandinavian grouping.
		They display a cross with the intersection left of the center, the "Scandinavian cross".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scandinavian_countries (815 words)

	WAR FLAGS GLOSSARY S-Z
		Savoy Cross: a red flag divided by a white cross into four equal quarters, with or without a blue border; actually a banner of arms of the House of Savoy, the former Italian royal family; the flag with blue border was formerly the Italian jack.
		Scandinavian cross: a flag divided by a cross whose vertical arm is offset toward the hoist; so called because this cross is the principal design element of the flags of the Scandinavian countries, e.g.
		George Cross in the canton; in 1702 a white flag quartered by a red cross with the St. George Cross in the canton; in 1707 the first Union Jack was substituted in the canton; in 1801 the second Union Jack was substituted in the canton; a number of Commonwealth countries, e.g.
	tmg110.tripod.com /lexicon2.htm (1318 words)

	Catholic Confirmation Gifts - Christian Crosses - Spiritual Gifts - Graduation Gifts
		This cross is known as the Jerusalem cross, the cross of Palestine, and was used as a symbol for the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem after the Holy city had been conquered by the crusaders until the kingdom of Jerusalem was conquered by warriors from inner Asia fighting for the sultan of Egypt in 1244.
		The formee cross is an artistic representation of the cross of Christ.
		The Elf Cross or Ella Cross is from Scania, Sweden.
	www.ealaindraoi.com /christiancrossesproducts.html (1134 words)

	pp38-74 - Manx Crosses - P.M.C. Kermode,1907
		The cross on one face lacks the surrounding circle; the shaft and limbs have a slight taper to their extremities, which is exceptional.
		The cross on each face is of the usual form, but the limbs are connected by a true circle, and the shaft is rather long, in one case being finished off with volutes above and below; in the other, the interlaced design throws out two large volutes at the bottom of the shaft.
		Volutes to shafts of Crosses - - - -
	www.isle-of-man.com /manxnotebook/fulltext/mc1907/p038.htm (9745 words)

	Faroe Islands
		The flag of the Faroe Islands is a red Scandinavian cross, fimbriated blue.
		Scandinavian crosses are measured by the width of the color, as shown in the diagram above.
		In the case of the Faroe Islands, horizontally there are 6 units of white, 1 unit of blue, 2 units of red, 1 unit of blue, and 12 units of white.
	www.fotw.us /flags/fo.html (701 words)

	Denmark
		National flag: The proportions of the cross should be horizontally from hoist to the tail 12/4/21, and vertically 12/4/12.
		The dimensions of the square is usually given as one fifth by one quarter of the height of the flag pole.
		However, the official decree on the flags of trade ships from 1748 is that the white cross be 1/7 of the height of the flag, the rear fields be square, and the two other fields be 6/4 of the length of the rear fields.
	www.allstates-flag.com /fotw/flags/dk.html (771 words)

	Scanian cross flag (Sweden) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Originally the Scanian cross flag had the same proportions as the Swedish flag, I think (I guess it was easiest to make it so), but in later decades people have advocated other proportions, so now there are different versions of the flag.
		Neither is there any evidence of arms or flags with a yellow (golden) cross on red used by the archbishop of Lund, nor for the use of such a flag to symbolize the region of Scania before 1900.
		As a consequence, the first king of the Nordic Union, Eric of Pomerania, could not possibly have got the idea for his Nordic flag a red cross on a yellow field from the alleged symbol of a Nordic church, since it was dissolved into national churches long before the invention of heraldry.
	fotw.vexillum.com /flags/se-scani.html (2134 words)

	Estonia - Scandinavian Cross design for Estonian Flag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		"Flag with cross and Estlande - The Republic of Estonia suffers from a lack of image, being often confused(merged) with his(her) Baltic neighbours.
		According to Kaarel Taraïd, director of the governmental press relations department, " A flag decorated with a cross instead of three bands(strips) of colour would show at once that we belong to the community of the countries of the North, Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland.
		Already numerous supporters(supports) chanted this new name by shaking the flag with cross during the last contest of basketball Estonie-Lettonie.
	flagspot.net /flags/ee-ncros.html (357 words)

	Iceland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In the case of Iceland, horizontally there are 7 units of blue, 1 unit of white, 2 units of red, 1 unit of white, and 14 units of blue.
		The cross in the flag symbolises the Scandinavian connection.
		From the 16th century until 1944 Iceland was represented in the Danish national arms; until 1903 by a crowned stockfish, a dried codfish sans head, and 1903-44 by a falcon.
	www.netlinkit.dk /FOTW/flags/is.html (335 words)

	Tonga
		The first design [1862] was a plain white flag with a red couped cross, but this was later found to be too similar to the International Red Cross Flag, adopted in 1863, and so the white flag was placed in the canton of a red one.
		The design seems to be inspired by the Tongan national flag, the British White Ensign, the German Imperial War Flag and the Scandinavian cross flags, all put together in one.
		In the white canton is a red Greek cross (as in the Tongan national flag).
	flagspot.net /flags/to.html (1517 words)

	Grand Duchy of Oldenburg 1815-1918 (Lower Saxony, Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Crosses in flags at sea were often set to the hoist (and not only crosses).
		At sea the flag was in the beginning blue with a red Scandinavian cross.
		Also reported is a red Scandinavian cross on blue, with (on the prime minister's standard) a white square at the crossing and arms on it.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/de-ol815.html (507 words)

	Nordic Culture > The Normans: Scandinavians in Normandy - Scandinavica.com
		Eventhough this new Normandy was not Scandinavian anymore there remained a strong bond between the Normans and their Danish and Norwegian relatives.
		The Scandinavian Vikings who created Normandy ended up adopting the Gallic-Frankish culture and language, but in turn they also left their mark on many Norman placenames and on the Norman language.
		Besides the historical flag of Normandy (the three leopards), the Scandinavian cross is also recognised as one of the modern symbols of Normandy.
	www.scandinavica.com /culture/history/normandy.htm (1270 words)

	flag of Finland - Historical Flags (1918-1920) flags, Fahnen, Flaggen, FOTW bei Nationalflaggen.de
		White flag with blue cross and the Finnish coat of arms in the middle of the cross – crowned with a grand duke's crown.
		Upper hoist field was not white but it had a yellow cross on red with the Finnish coat of arms in the middle of the yellow cross.
		I used yellow to match the colour of the cross in the canton.
	www.nationalflaggen.de /flags-of-the-world/flags/fi_1918.html (660 words)

	Norway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Scandinavian cross is outlined by white stripes.
		The vertical stripe of the cross isn't centered; instead it's based on the left side of the flag.
		The Norwegian flag was first adopted on July 17, 1821 and is based on the Danish flag, with a blue cross placed within the white cross of the Danish flag.
	www.vdiest.nl /Europa/norway.htm (867 words)

	Celtic Crosses
		An 8th-9th century Pictish cross slab from Sutherland in northern Scotland.
		Adapted from a fragment of a slate altar front found on the Calf of Man, a smaller island off the Isle of Man. The right arm of the cross and left arm of Christ were reconstructed.
		A 7th-8th century Pictish "face cross" from Riskbuie, Colonsay, in Scotland.
	www.bobmaurus.com /crosses.htm (302 words)

	Scandinavian Area Studies / 2005-2006 PLU Catalog
		Scandinavian Area Studies is an interdisciplinary program that offers a unique perspective on Scandinavia past and present, while developing useful analytical, cross-cultural and communicative skills.
		They are regular departmental offerings in which students enrolled in the Scandinavian Area Studies major focus their reading and work assignments to a significant extent on Scandinavia.
		This course traces the involvement of the Scandinavian countries in world organizations, such as the United Nations and the roles the countries have played in world politics.
	www.plu.edu /print/catalog/degrees-courses/scan.html (988 words)

	The Scandinavian Cross on Flags
		The Scandinavian cross appears on numerous flags in northern Europe.
		The oldest is probably the flag of Denmark.
		Other nations with this cross appearing as the chief component include Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland.
	www.geocities.com /Vienna/5047/ScanXros.html (319 words)

	We need our own Flag - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Cross of St Patrick is a Leinster flag which has nothing to do with Ulster.
		It was the cross of the Geraldines/Fitzgerald family.
		The green with fl Scandinavian cross is actually the flag of Vinland (North America).
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?p=602880 (663 words)

	FINLAND 1918-20
		The white and blue national flag of Finland was adopted in 1918, its colors (symbolizing the country's numerous lakes and the snows that cover the land for much of the year) being suggested by the poet Sakari Topelius.
		To stress Finland's connections to the other countries of the region, the design of the offset Scandinavian cross was chosen for the new national flag.
		Finland's ancient national symbol, the gold lion on a field of red, was retained as the national coat of arms, and it figured in the design of several of the flags that were adopted between 1918 and 1920.
	tmg110.tripod.com /finland1.htm (366 words)

	Episcopal Church
		The nine cross-crosslets or Jerusalem crosses represent the nine dioceses that convened in Philadelphia in 1789 when the Constitution of the Protestant Episcopal Church was adopted with its House of Bishops and House of Clerical and Lay Deputies and the Book of Common Prayer.
		The flag of the Episcopal Church - white field with red "St. George's Cross" and a blue canton with a St. Andrews cross of 9 white stars - is indeed the flag of all Episcopal churches, as well as its shield.
		In summary, it may well be that the frequent use of "Scandinavian" St. George's crosses in US Episcopal Church flags originates from a desire to maintain, as closely as possible, a square canton.
	atlasgeo.span.ch /fotw/flags/rel-epis.html (2363 words)

	[No title]
		However, it was the latter part of the nineteenth century before skiing became more than just a Scandinavian sport.
		Prior to the 1980s, cross-country skiers primarily used what are now referred to as the classical techniques of diagonal striding, double poling, and kick double poling.
		While Scandinavian skiers had occasionally used a form of skating during long ski marathons, the widespread use of the skating techniques really began soon after a form of ski skating was used by an American skier in winning the cross-country skiing World Cup in 1982.
	www.sportsci.org /encyc/drafts/Skiing_cross_country.doc (5144 words)

	Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The flag of Sweden consists of a blue base with a yellow Scandinavian cross.
		The design of the Swedish flag is likely based on the flag of Denmark; while the yellow and blue originate from the Swedish Coat of Arms which features three yellow crowns on a blue base.
		The exact age of the Swedish Flag is unclear, but the oldest recorded images of a blue cloth with a yellow cross on it date back to the 16th century.
	www.vdiest.nl /Europa/sweden.htm (341 words)

	Municipality of Vilabertran (Alt Empordà County, Girona Province, Catalonia, Spain) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The ends of the cross touch the flag's sides, and its vertical axis is offset from the hoist 1/3 of the flag's length.
		The flag is a rotated banner of the arms (blazoned Azure, a latin cross formy Argent, debruised by five torteaux [or roundels Gules]).
		The cross represents the famous Cross of Vilabertran, a 14th century jewelry masterpiece.
	fotw.vexillum.com /flags/es-gi-vn.html (129 words)

	flag of Finland flags, Fahnen, Flaggen, FOTW bei Nationalflaggen.de
		coat of arms of the state in the middle square of the cross.
		The coat of arms has a yellow contour (width 3/40 units) to avoid touching of the blue and red colour.
		National Flag and Ensign: Blue cross on white, proportions 11:18 – (5:3:10):(4:3:4).
	www.nationalflaggen.de /flags-of-the-world/flags/fi.html (176 words)

	Denmark Military flags (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The state flag with a square white panel over the middle of the cross containing the anchor as in the auxiliary naval ensign.
		Supposing that the flag would be used mostly on naval ships only, the dark red would be the rule.
		Politikens Flagbog labels this flag "Fosvarsministeriet" (the Ministry of Defence), assigning it to the whole organisation, rather than just the one man. It agrees with our image, but has a blue anchor with a fatter, and white, cross bar, and a red rope coiling quite differently, though still giving the same impression.
	areciboweb.50megs.com /fotw/flags/dk^.html (233 words)

	The Emigrant's Daughter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A look at some of the loveliest of Scandinavian homes radiating the spirit of simplicity in 375 full-color photographs capturing the beaty and distinctive light of Finland, Normway, Sweden, Denmark and Iceland.
		Old World European designs captivating the charm of the cross stitch emphasizing the use of red on white and blue on white.
		Scandinavian Cross Stitch on Linen and Cotton by Inga Bergfeldt
	www.emigrantsdaughter.com /books.html (1653 words)

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