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	Scandinavian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Scandinavian is a resident of or something relating to Scandinavia.
		Scandinavian languages, a common alternative term for North Germanic languages
		Scandinavian Mountains, a mountain range on the Scandinavian Peninsula
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scandinavian (100 words)

	Scandinavian Defense - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Center Counter Defense or Scandinavian Defense is a chess opening characterized by the moves (in algebraic notation)
		The Center Counter Defense is one of the oldest recorded openings, first recorded as being played between Francesco di Castellvi and Narciso Vinyoles in Valencia in 1475, and being mentioned by Lucena in 1497.
		It and the French Defense are the oldest asymmetric defenses to 1.e4.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Center_Counter_Defense (648 words)

	Sweden - Search View - MSN Encarta
		The armed forces of Sweden are headed by a supreme commander and a defense staff that coordinates the activities of the army, navy, and air force.
		An important component of the country’s defense is the home guard, a volunteer service organized during World War II (1939-1945); the service has about 250,000 members at present.
		Failing in efforts to form a Scandinavian defense bloc without ties to the East or West, Sweden began systematically to strengthen its defenses.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761563138__1/Sweden.html (11438 words)

	Viking - ExampleProblems.com
		The name Viking is a borrowed word from the native Scandinavian term for the Norse warriors who raided the coasts of Scandinavia, the British Isles, and other parts of Europe from the late 8th century to the 11th century.
		These boats were identical to those used by the Scandinavian defense fleets, known as the ledung.
		The names of Scandinavian kings are known only for the later part of the Viking Age, and only after the end of the Viking Age did the separate kingdoms acquire a distinct identity as nations, which went hand in hand with the christianization.
	www.exampleproblems.com /wiki/index.php/Viking (3916 words)

	Vikings - Crystalinks
		As the Scandinavian shores were attacked by enemy forces, they established the defence fleet called leidang, which was also used as protection against Vikings.
		The clinker-built longships used by the Scandinavians were uniquely suited to both deep and shallow waters, and thus extended the reach of Norse raiders, traders and settlers not only along coastlines, but also along the major river valleys of north-western Europe.
		Close to the border with the Franks, it was effectively a crossroads between the cultures, until its eventual destruction by the Norwegians in an internecine dispute around the year 1050.
	www.crystalinks.com /vikings.html (3824 words)

	Trans-Atlantic Link secured, The Scandinavian Review - Find Articles
		The idea that European states are to assume more initiative and responsibility in the defense of Europe is not that relevant to a state that has no defense of its own.
		During the Cold War, Icelanders believed that apart from ensuring Iceland's own defense, they were making a contribution to the defense of Europe by allowing the stationing of U.S. troops in their country.
		In 1951, with rising tensions in international affairs, the government of Iceland somewhat reluctantly agreed that the definition of peacetime might have changed and negotiated a Defense Agreement with the United States, whereby the U.S. was granted a military base in Keflavik, 50 kilometers southwest of Reykjavik.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3760/is_199610/ai_n8744708 (806 words)

	Garry Kasparov vs David Letterman (1990)
		One top GM that I've seen play the Scandinavian Defense volume is Ian Rogers, and he usually puts the queen on A5 after white plays Nc3 so that she can easily be retreated to C7 later.
		I don't think that too many top GM's regard the Scandinavian defense as solid, since too much time can be lost shuttling your queen to safety while white develops.
		Also, IMO the whole point of choosing the Scandinavian defense is for fl to avoid locking pawns while also clearing the center in an attempt to prevent white from getting any central pawn majorities.
	www.chessgames.com /perl/chessgame?gid=1070486 (1205 words)

	The Scandinavian Defense (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Scandinavian was championed by Australian GM Ian Rogers in the 1980s and 90s, but he, and other strong players, played 3...Qa5 exclusively.
		Whether this is due to the dissatisfaction with 3...Qa5, a desire to try something new or simply an attempt to avoid their opponents opening preparation is difficult to say.
		The Scandinavian Defense: The Dynamic 3...Qd6 should appeal to experienced practitioners of 1.e4 d5 and stronger players looking for something new against 1.e4.
	www.jeremysilman.com /book_reviews_jd/jd_scandinavian_defense.html (546 words)

	Marriage & Family Research Grant
		Scandinavian same-sex unions are “registered partnerships,” not “marriage.” Presumably, the iMAPP study excluded data on take-up rates for Scandinavian same-sex unions because they were not formal “marriage.” Yet there is good reason to believe that take-up rates for Scandinavian registered partnerships are not substantially different than they would be for formal marriage.
		To be sure, in addition to their unions being called something other than “marriage,” Scandinavian registered partners were initially not permitted to adopt children, to receive state funded artificial insemination, or to be married in the state church.
		And the actual attitudes of Scandinavian gays toward their marriages may be even less conservative than the numbers we’ve seen so far indicate.
	www.law2.byu.edu /marriage_family/news/6.5.6.htm (6293 words)

	Sweden - MSN Encarta
		On the outbreak of World War II in 1939, Sweden again declared its neutrality.
		In 1948 it joined the United States-sponsored European Recovery Program, along with the other Western European nations, but it refused to become a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, formed in 1949.
		In 1950 King Gustav V died and his eldest son, Gustav VI Adolph, assumed the Swedish throne.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563138_11/Sweden.html (1424 words)

	Amazon.com: The Scandinavian Defense: Books: Michael Melts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The ideal response is the easy-to-learn, unrefuted and surprising Scandinavian Defense: The Dynamic 3 Qd6 is such a system.
		Regarding the Qd6 Scandinavian, Melts argues it is an offbeat but viable line that offers fl many opportunities for reaching reasonable middlegames with counterplay.
		If you are considering playing the Qd6 Scandinavian as part (or all) of your fl repertoire against 1.e4, I would recommend getting Martin's DVD to see if you like the opening, then follow up by getting this book.
	www.amazon.com /Scandinavian-Defense-Michael-Melts/dp/1888690119 (1202 words)

	VIKINGS
		In the current Scandinavian languages the term viking is applied to the people who went away on viking expeditions, be it for raiding or trading.
		(Scandinavian skalli/skalle: skal means simply "shell" and skál/skål "bowl".) The skull-cup allegation may have some history also in relation with other Germanic tribes and Eurasian nomads, such as the Scythians and Pechenegs (skull caps).
		To this day, Saturday is referred to as laugardagur/lørdag/lördag "bathing day" in the Scandinavian languages, though the original meaning is lost in modern speech.
	www.solarnavigator.net /history/vikings.htm (3417 words)

	Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		During Roman times the eastern half of the Scandinavian Peninsula was inhabited by two tribes of the Germanic peoples: the Suiones, or Swedes, in northern Svealand; and the Gothones, or Goths, in southern Gothia.
		In 1397 Margaret effected the Union of Kalmar, by which the three Scandinavian kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden were united under a single sovereign.
		In March 1957 a report issued by 12 Swedish defense experts recommended that the armed forces of Sweden be equipped with atomic arms.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/GeogHist/histories/history/hiscountries/S/sweden.html (2802 words)

	Chess Openings / Chess Opening Analysis & Theory [Chessopolis > Chess Links]
		Benograd Defense) - Defense to 1.d4 is named after the block of flats where GM Jon Levitt lives.
		Scandinavian Defense (Center Counter) - A bit of theory and some sample games.
		Scandinavian Defense (Center Counter), Tennison Gambit - Shaky but surprising gambit for White.
	www.chessopolis.com /openings.htm/new.htm (2180 words)

	The Center Counter
		It and the French Defense are the oldest asymmetrical King-pawn openings.
		Over the centuries, the Center Counter was often critisized because of the (usually) early exposure of fl's Queen and associated loss of time in the opening phase of the game.
		As a result, to this day, the defense is often condemned by analysts, and is taboo to many players.
	www.logicalchess.com /resources/openings/cc/index.html (974 words)

	Finland's Relations with the Soviet Union, 1940-1986
		Negotiations for a Scandinavian defense alliance (1948-49) were declared unacceptable to the Soviets.
		Finland was warned to abandon "Northernism" or the "idea of the North" which the Soviets labeled as an American attempt to increase the influence of the Atlantic Alliance.
		Thus, Finland became a proponent of Scandinavian neutrality, which would lessen the FCMA threat while allowing for broader economic and cultural ties among the Nordic countries.
	www.loyno.edu /history/journal/1985-6/botticelli.htm (2667 words)

	Book Reviews by IM John L Watson
		Winning with the Sicilian Defense is perfect for someone who wants to take up the Sicilian for the first time, and has loads of valuable information and suggestions for the experienced 1...c5 player as well.
		Scandinavian Defense, Portuguese Variation is a typical Chess Enterprise publication, not destined for greatness, but a functional effort by three unknown authors who did some specialized research on a subject they obviously enjoy.
		I looked at all of the 4.f3 lines and concluded that this opening is changing so rapidly, with new moves (unmentioned in the book) arising as early as moves 7 and 8, that the reader should definitely update this work with a database search before doing anything else.
	www.chesscenter.com /twic/jwatson3.html (2646 words)

	Viking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Normans, however, descended from Scandinavian Vikings that were granted parts of northern France (Normandy) in the 8th century (William the Conqueror's grandfather was a Viking), and from the indigenous population of Neustria.
		The names of Scandinavian kings are known only for the later part of the Viking Age, and only after the end of the Viking Age did the separate kingdoms acquire a distinct identity as nations, which went hand in hand with their christianization.
		Longships were used extensively by the Leidang, the Scandinavian defense fleets.
	www.zdnet.co.za /wiki/Viking (6192 words)

	Three New Books on the Scandinavian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Considering that one of the great virtues of the Scandinavian is its directness (after 1...d5 White has only one real reply, 2.exd5) and relative lack of opening theory, it came as a bit of a surprise that these books could cover such different material.
		Martin’s work, which is aimed solely from the Scandinavian player’s perspective, is an excellent repertoire book for club players (say up to 2200) who are looking for plenty of instructive model games with good notes.
		Emms not only covers all lines of the Scandinavian but also offers an answer to the Panov-Botvinnik Attack (1.e4 d5 2.exd5 Nf6 3.c4 c6 4.d4) from the Black perspective.
	www.jeremysilman.com /book_reviews_jd/jd_three_books_on_the_scandinavian.html (521 words)

	Special Operations.Com
		The Scandinavian countries of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden have small, yet highly trained Special Operations Forces (SOF) capable of accomplishing limited national objectives (primarily homeland defense).
		Although limited in their scope and capabilities, Scandinavian SOF units provide unique capabilities for their respective countries.
		While they are few in number, they are nonetheless well trained and capable, and contribute significantly to the defense of their countries.
	www.specialoperations.com /Foreign/Miscellaneous/Scandinavia.htm (1515 words)

	Chessville - Reviews - Scheming Scandinavian, The
		This leaves the Modern, the Pirc, Alekine’s Defense, and (for the truly brave hearted) the Nimzowitch Defense or Owen’s Defense.
		The variations illustrated by the tape include some of White's unusual responses to the defense such as 2.e5 and 2.
		He recommends the Ziegler Defense, a line that results in a pawn structure very closely related to the Scandinavian and one which Martin thinks should be adequate for the player of the Black pieces.
	www.chessville.com /reviews/reviews_schem_scandi.htm (785 words)

	Swedish Foreign Minister Margaretha af Ugglas...Old and New Pillars of Swedish Security In a Changing Europe
		During the Cold War, there was no military vacuum in the North; despite the strategic importance of the region, the peacetime military presence of the two blocs could be kept to a minimum, and tensions maintained at a low level.
		As in other countries, our defense will undoubtedly remain under the same pressures to be "leaner but meaner." But defense spending is being maintained and has actually increased in real terms recently.
		The political importance that Russia attaches to the CSCE, as recently underlined by Defense Minister Grachev, should be reflected in the role that Russia is prepared to give to the CSCE in conflicts close to Russia's borders.
	www.csdr.org /96Pictures/94Book/Ugglas.htm (2551 words)

	Amazon.com: The Scandinavian: Books: John Emms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Scandinavian is one of the few lines were understanding piece placement and typical themes can get you thru most of the lines.
		Now in an updated second edition, The Scandinavian is a guide for intermediate to advanced chess players concerning the Scandinavian Defense, its various strategies and tactics, and tips for using it to the fullest advantage or reacting to it.
		Written by John Emms, one of Britain's most well-known Grandmasters, The Scandinavian is packed cover to cover with examples and sample games, many of which are taken directly from matches between expert players, to illustrate its points.
	www.amazon.com /Scandinavian-John-Emms/dp/1901259021 (2066 words)

	[No title]
		Continuing with the trend that is becoming more common in today's opening literature, this work examines a specific variation within the Center Counter (or Scandinavian) Defense, namely the line 1 e4 d5 2 ed5 Nf6 3 d4 Bg4, popularized by several Portuguese Masters.
		If you're seeking an alternative defense against e4, especially if you're already somewhat familiar with the Center Counter, the Portuguese Variation may have merit.
		While this writer is seldom enamored with opening books that are so narrow in scope that they focus on only one particular variation, this is a work that could make him reassess that view.
	members.aol.com /ELCC90/chess1/review/ccd.txt (898 words)

	CHESS; Don't Try This One at Home (In Fact, Don't Try It at All) - New York Times
		Right now the Center Counter Game (or Scandinavian Defense), once thought quite stable, is embarrassing its disciples.
		Shirov won a pawn with 18 Re7 and allowed his opponent to exchange queens with 18 g5 19 Be2 Qf4 20 Qf4 gf 21 Bg4, well aware that the endgame was hopeless for Kurajica.
		After 26 Rg1, there was no defense against 27 Rf7, Ke8 28 Rg8mate.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9801EFDD1738F934A15755C0A9629C8B63 (562 words)

	1.e4 other - Pirc, Caro, French, etc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Scandinavian Defence: The Dynamic 3...Qd6 - Michael Melts chboopki177
		Over the past decade the Scandinavian (1.e4 d5) has become more and more popular both at club and...
		Alekhine’s Defence is a sharp opening in which Black attacks from move one, provoking White into lunging forward...
	www.chesscenter.com /chesskids/cat92_1.htm (353 words)

	TIME.com: Egg into Cake? -- Oct. 25, 1948 -- Page 1
		As recently as last September the Swedes were resolutely avoiding any approach whatever to the joint defense of Scandinavia.
		Last week, however, Sweden's Defense Minister, Allan Georg Frederik Vougt, was in Oslo, Norway's fog-shrouded capital, to discuss with his Danish and Norwegian opposite numbers the beginnings of military collaboration—standardization of arms and training.
		The fact that the Norwegians and, to a lesser degree, the Danes, looked on Scandinavian defense as a part of Western European defense made Sweden's presence all the more significant.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,799386,00.html (415 words)

	[No title]
		The CENTER COUNTER or SCANDINAVIAN DEFENSE is another way for Black to THREATEN the White e-pawn.
		This is the PIRC DEFENSE - it's pronounced PEERTS, not PERK!
		This is the MODERN DEFENSE, a very close relation of the PIRC.
	www.chesskids.com /level3/cl9l4.htm (1916 words)

	NATO CALS Handbook Appendices, APPENDIX J: VIKING THROUGH LIFE STRATEGY AND PLAN
		The Viking program is a joint Scandinavian defense program between Norway, Sweden and, Denmark with the overall intent to develop the next generation submarines.
		The program must also be beneficial for the life support cost for the participating nations, and shall give Scandinavian industry the opportunity to participate in the development and production of the submarines.
		The Swedish Defense has decided to put all software system development on hold until an ongoing study on the issue has been completed.
	www.dcnicn.com /ncmb/nch_june-2000/Html/Appendices-32.htm (2531 words)

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