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Topic: Scarcity

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	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Map details global water stress
		Economic water scarcity occurs due to a lack of investment and is characterised by poor infrastructure and unequal distribution of water.
		Physical scarcity occurs when the water resources cannot meet the demands of the population.
		Australia is faced with major water scarcity in the Murray-Darling Basin as a result of diverting large quantities of water for use in agriculture.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/5269296.stm (802 words)

	Scarcity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alternatively, scarcity implies that not all of society's goals can be attained at the same time, so that trade-offs one good against others are made.
		Neoclassical economics, the dominant school of economics today, defines its field as involving scarcity: following Lionel Robbins' definition, economics is a science which studies human behavior as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses.
		Scarcity (S) can also be viewed as the difference between a person's desires (D) and his possessions (P).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scarcity (771 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Scarcity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Water scarcity is a relative concept – it is partly a "social construct" in that it is determined both by the availability of water and by consumption patterns.
		Because the concept of water scarcity is a social construct or, put in other terms, a matter of political and economic perception, it may be more useful to describe water scarcity as a particular mix of availability and demand at which water stress occurs, rather than a per capita figure.
		However, if water scarcity is the point at which water stress occurs (the point at which various conflicts arise, harvests fail and the like), then there are also less definable sociological and political causes.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Scarcity (1433 words)

	Artificial scarcity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Artificial scarcity is an economic term describing the scarcity of items even though the technology and production capacity exists to create an abundance.
		An example of artificial scarcity is often used when describing copyrighted, or closed-source, computer software.
		Technocrats argue that if the the price system were removed, there would be no personal incentive to artificially create scarcity in products, and thus something similar to the open source model of distributions would exist.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Artificial_scarcity (600 words)

	Economics - Scarcity
		Scarcity exists because people's unlimited wants cannot be met by their relatively limited resources.
		Scarcity only occurs if there is a need or want for a resource, not just because there is a small amount of it.
		Scarcity occurs when the need or want for an item or resource is greater than the available resources.
	www.mcps.k12.md.us /curriculum/socialstd/grade3/Econ_Scarcity.html (878 words)

	Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion, ch. 6
		The principle of scarcity is based on the future unavailability of something, even if we don't need it: "[O]pportunities seem more valuable to us when their availability is limited" (238).
		The response to scarcity is, like the other weapons of influence, often a shortcut which usually pays dividends.
		Scarcity + rivalry is a potent source of motivation.
	www.media-studies.ca /articles/influence_ch6.htm (1123 words)

	A definition of economic scarcity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The consequence of differences in scarcity between goods A and B is that if A has a scarcity higher than B. A can always be exchanged easily against B whereas B is exchanged against A only sporadically.
		The economic rule is that a person who works on goods with negative scarcity is victim of unemployment (or part time employment) and seeks to produce goods with a positive scarcity.
		As scarcity is relative to one another, the differential of scarcity tend to be reduce such as the unemployment tends to zero.
	lautbry.tripod.com /cpce/economy/multi-money/scarcity.htm (911 words)

	Scarcity and Choice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Economics is sometimes called the study of scarcity because economic activity would not exist if scarcity did not force people to make choices.
		The widespread use of definitions emphasizing choice and scarcity shows that economists believe that these definitions focus on a central and basic part of the subject.
		One way to see the importance of scarcity is to examine how various people have constructed utopias.
	www.ingrimayne.com /econ/Introduction/ScarcityNChoice.html (440 words)

	Scarcity - Outline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Scarcity is the most fundamental problem in economics.
		Scarcity exists because human wants and needs exceed the quantity of goods and services that can be produced using all available resources.
		Economists are fond of saying that "there is no free lunch," which means that, even if something is "free" to us, there is a cost to society in terms of the alternative foregone.
	www.nv.cc.va.us /home/nvfordc/survey/scarcity/scarcityout.htm (391 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		One of the roles of the economist is to discover the relationship between demand and supply and develop mechanisms (such as pricing, incentives, or penalties) to achieve an optimal outcome (in terms of consumer welfare) between supply and demand.
		"Substantivist" economists and economic anthropologists have argued that "scarcity" is a social construct and not a universal.
		These things are said to have scarcity value; that is to say, all or most of their value is derived from their scarcity.
	wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/s/sc/scarcity.html (268 words)

	Scarcity vs. Distribution
		This section will explain (1) why scarcity is a critical issue for global food security, (2) how scarcity is intensified by animal agriculture, and (3) the ways in which scarcity and distribution are connected.
		This section will explain why both matter and will detail (1) why scarcity is a critical issue for global food security, (2) how scarcity is intensified by animal agriculture, and (3) the ways in which scarcity and distribution are connected.
		Scarcity not only matters as an issue on its own, it also increases disparities in distribution, negating the distribution-not-scarcity model.
	www.plantsforhunger.org /scarcity.htm (1129 words)

	scarcity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Scarcity is economic principle of having limited resources.
		The scarcity of resources limits the number of sheep, which limits the number of nice, warm, fuzzy wool sweaters that a society can produce.
		Scarcity is the principle used to describe the lack of an unending supply of wool.
	www.mnstate.edu /stutes/Dict/S/Scarcity/scarcity.htm (342 words)

	Basic Economics: Scarcity and Choices Part 2
		Scarcity has forced you to make a choice between foods.
		And the more scarcity you see on the shelves of the market, the more difficult choices you have to make.
		The same is true if the scarcity is created only by a seasonal market, like the strawberries or other fruits and vegetables.
	www.socialstudiesforkids.com /articles/economics/scarcityandchoices2.htm (512 words)

	The Misconception of Scarcity
		The scarcity of most natural resources (a type of "external scarcity") is only theoretical at present.
		Scarcity is the attribute of a "closed" economic universe.
		The abolition of scarcity was a pillar of the paradigm shift to the "new economy".
	samvak.tripod.com /scarcity.html (1489 words)

	Managing scarcity and stereotypes
		They are introduced to the scarcity concept by identifying the scarce resources in their environment.
		After observing the members in the scarcity experience, they become aware of the beliefs and behaviors that are associated with plenty and those that result from moving to scarcity.
		Scarcity is with us now in full measure: old growth, wilderness, quality of life, clean water, endangered species, budgets, markets, natural resources, jobs, time.
	managingwholes.com /scarcity.htm (7758 words)

	Scarcity and Choice
		Scarcity - the available resources are insufficient to satisfy people's wants - is universal.
		Scarcity ensures that society cannot satisfy the wants of all its members.
		People, businesses and nations can produce for themselves all the goods and services they consume, or they can concentrate on producing one good or service (or, possibly, a few goods or services) and then trade with others, that is, exchange some of their own goods or services for those of others.
	faculty.ed.umuc.edu /~shadjida/Lectures/basconc3.htm (1913 words)

	Managing Water Scarcity for Water Security
		There are degrees of scarcity - absolute, life-threatening, seasonal, temporary, cyclical, etc. Populations with normally high levels of consumption may experience temporary "scarcity" more keenly than other societies, who are accustomed to using much less water.
		water scarcity: an imbalance of supply and demand under prevailing institutional arrangements and/or prices; an excess of demand over available supply; a high rate of utilisation compared to available supply, especially if the remaining supply potentials difficult or costly to tap.
		Scarcity may have its roots in water shortage, but it may also be a social construct, a product of affluence, expectations and customary behaviour.
	www.fao.org /waicent/faoinfo/agricult/AGL/AGLW/webpub/scarcity.htm (5635 words)

	Scarcity and Growth Revisited
		In Scarcity and Growth (RFF, 1963) and Scarcity and Growth Reconsidered (RFF, 1979), researchers considered the long-term implications of resource scarcity for economic growth and human well-being.
		Opinion among scholars is divided on the ability of technological innovation to ameliorate this “new scarcity.” However, even the book’s more optimistic authors agree that the problems will not be successfully overcome without significant advances in the legal, financial, and other social institutions that protect the environment and support technical innovation.
		Scarcity and Growth Revisited incorporates expert perspectives from the physical and life sciences, as well as economics.
	www.rff.org /rff/RFF_Press/CustomBookPages/Scarcity-and-Growth-Revisited.cfm?CFID=3070843&CFTOKEN=90322031 (490 words)

	One Third of World's Population Will Experience Severe Water Scarcity By 2025, Says New Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		"Water scarcity is now the single greatest threat to human health, the environment, and the global food supply," said David Seckler, director general of the Water Institute and an author of the study with Randolph Barker and Upali Amarasinghe.
		The countries, defined as facing "absolute water scarcity," include 17 countries in the Middle East, South Africa, and the dryer regions of western and southern India and northern China, which account for more than 1 billion people today and are projected to account for as many as 1.8 billion in 2025.
		Already the women and children of these countries walk great distances to retrieve water for cooking, drinking, and other household needs, farmers are losing their land as water sources decline, and wildlife is disappearing as wetlands dry up.
	www.futureharvest.org /news/03171999.shtml (1484 words)

	1. A Model of Fertility and Firewood Collection in the Presence of Scarcity
		We may now ask how does environmental scarcity affect the household’s demand for children, which, in the present context, is the same as asking how a change in firewood scarcity disturbs the equality in (8).
		Scarcity shifts the household’s production possibilities frontier inward reducing the maximum amount of wood that can be collected given available inputs (see Figure 1(a)).
		If, on the other hand, substitution possibilities are limited, households might respond to increasing scarcity by shifting existing agricultural labor toward firewood collection, or, in accordance with the vicious circle hypothesis, by increasing family size and the supply of child labor.
	www.worldbank.org /html/prddr/prdhome/peg/wps19/indexp3.htm (1836 words)

	Scarcity vs. Abundance - Common Energy Conservation Myths and Misconceptions - Global Issues - Index - Issues - GENI - ...
		Scarcity is a function of the limits on satisfaction of all wants at a given point in time giving rise to differentials in costs among economic choices.
		Increasing scarcity over time is a function of declining stocks of raw materials available for extraction giving rise to an increase in resource prices because of increasing marginal costs of extraction as the resource is depleted.
		The first definition of scarcity is an eternal problem the second definition is simply a rough statement of the Hotelling Theorem (1931) of the optimal path for scarcity rent over time for an exhaustible resource.
	www.geni.org /globalenergy/issues/global/myths/scarcity/index.shtml (1056 words)

	The Mint: Ideas for Teachers: Scarcity, Choice&Decisions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Scarcity is caused by having relatively unlimited wants but only limited resources
		If students are not working online, distribute one copy of Scarcity, Choice, and Decisions to each student.
		A discussion of some students' hypothetical budgets can be used to assess the students' understanding of the concept of scarcity and opportunity costs.
	www.themint.org /teachers/scarcity.php (481 words)

	The problems of Scarcity & Abundance
		The human body was designed to survive on scarcity, and it developed over tends of thousands of years.
		Abundances continue to expand till the opposing scarcity brings backlash — rules and regulations to artificially restrict the abundance.
		The cyclic problems of "scarcity and abundance" are deep rooted in the human condition, in human society.
	www.jimpinto.com /writings/abundance.html (1070 words)

	Sample Chapter for Kahl, C.H.: States, Scarcity, and Civil Strife in the Developing World.
		Second, natural resource scarcity and abundance as conceptualized by neo-Malthusians and neoclassical economists are not opposites; they both can, and often do, exist at the same time at different levels of analysis.
		Lastly, at stage 3, scarcity and economic crisis may eventually force the government and the private sector to promote diversification as a means of resuscitating growth.
		As such, for political ecologists, scarcity is an artifact of social interactions within certain international political and economic structures, not a result of demographic pressures and natural limits.
	www.pupress.princeton.edu /chapters/s8208.html (9862 words)

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