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	German Navy Ships--Scharnhorst (1939-1943)
		In a three-hour battle in the frigid Arctic seas, the German battleship was battered by gunfire and sunk by torpedoes.
		Scharnhorst's wreck was located and photographed by a Norwegian Navy underwater exploration group in the year 2000.
		Scharnhorst -- In Icy Seas and Ports, 1939-40.
	www.history.navy.mil /photos/sh-fornv/germany/gersh-s/scharn2.htm (837 words)

	Scharnhorst
		The ship was to be called Scharnhorst, while her sister the Gneisenau was ordered in secret under the 1934 Program; the revival of the names of Graf Spee's cruisers was a calculated gesture of defiance cast in the direction of the Treaty of Versailles.
		The Scharnhorst was now something of a liability, and when she was repaired she was sent north to Norway to join the Tirpitz in balefully watching the convoys to Russia.
		Finally the Scharnhorst was torpedoed by the Jamaica, and sank with the loss of her entire crew except for 36 men.
	www.expage.com /shipsge10 (616 words)

	The Naval Wargames Society
		This was a very similar situation to Scharnhorst's final battle, but this time she had the benefit of effective radar usage and her destroyers.
		The action recommenced at 1512, with the Scharnhorst and her escorting destroyers running North towards the supposed position of the convoy, being pursued by Duke of York, Jamaica and their escorts.
		Scharnhorst responded immediately, with a shell from her main guns penetrating Norfolk's armour and igniting a secondary magazine and another hitting the switchboard and robbing her of electrical power for a few vital minutes.
	www.navalwargamessociety.org /nc-2.html (886 words)

	Gerhard von Scharnhorst Summary
		On Nov. 12, 1755, G. von Scharnhorst was born in Bordenau, the son of a former sergeant.
		Scharnhorst, recalled to the king's headquarters, refused a higher post but became Chief of Staff to Blücher, in whose vigour, energy, and influence with the young soldiers he had complete confidence.
		In this battle, Scharnhorst received a wound in the foot, not in itself grave, but soon made mortal by the fatigues of the retreat to Dresden, and he succumbed to it on 28 June 1813 at Prague, where he had travelled to negotiate with Schwarzenberg and Radetzky for the armed intervention of Austria.
	www.bookrags.com /Gerhard_von_Scharnhorst (1426 words)

	Scharnhorst, Ships of Battlegroup
		Scharnhorst and Gneisenau operated together for most of the early part of the war and became known as “The Twins”.
		Scharnhorst, never considered a “lucky” ship, was torpedoed by destroyer Acasta during the same action, which put her in dock for five months.
		Later, after bombings became intolerable (Scharnhorst was hit by five bombs on July 24, 1941), Scharnhorst and Gneisenau (along with heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen) participated in the celebrated “Channel Dash”; (Operation “Cerberus”) in February 1942.
	www.lostbattalion.com /t-bg_Scharnhorst.aspx (515 words)

	German battleship Scharnhorst
		Scharnhorst was a 31,100 ton Gneisenau class battleship of the German Kriegsmarine, named to commemorate the World War I armoured cruiser SMS Scharnhorst, which was in turn named after the Prussian general Gerhard von Scharnhorst
		In a three-hour battle in the frigid Arctic seas north of North Cape, the German battleship was battered by gunfire and sunk by 12 torpedoes.
		Scharnhorst's wreck was located at 300m depth 70nm north of North Cape and photographed by a Norwegian Navy underwater exploration group in the year 2000.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/g/ge/german_battleship_scharnhorst.html (613 words)

	DKM Scharnhorst (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		DKM (Deutsche Kriegs Marine) Scharnhorst, a 31,100-ton Gneisenau ''-class battleship, was built at Wilhelmshaven, Germany and named after the Prussia n Reformer Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst.
		She was further damaged by a bomb a few days later and was under repair for most of the rest of 1940.
		In a three-hour battle in the frigid Arctic seas, the German battleship was battered by gunfire and sunk by torpedoes.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-DKM_Scharnhorst.html (606 words)

	KBismarck.com - Battleship Scharnhorst (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Scharnhorst is hit by a 152mm projectile from the Rawalpindi but the damage is insignificant.
		At 0924, the Belfast opens fire on Scharnhorst from 11,900 meters (13,000 yards), and is followed by Norfolk at 0930.
		Scharnhorst is repeatedly hit but manages to increase the distance with "force II" to 19,600 meters (21,435 yards).
	www.kbismarck.com /scharnhorst.html (1687 words)

	Navy News - News Desk - News - Scharnhorst survivors meet old adversaries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 1940, Scharnhorst and her sister ship Gneisenau were the most powerful ships of the German Fleet and they took a terrible toll on British shipping, starting with the Armed Merchant Cruiser Rawalpindi.
		Scharnhorst turned for the safety of the Norwegian Fjords but Admiral Fraser's heavy squadron accurately judged her intentions and cut off her retreat.
		By 5.22pm Scharnhorst was surrounded and illuminated by star shells as heavy guns and torpedoes pounded into her, setting her ablaze end to end.
	www.navynews.co.uk /articles/2000/0009/0000090101.asp (455 words)

	The Battle-Cruiser Scharnhorst (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Scharnhorst and Gneisenau were something of a legend to us, and here we were, racing to attack them, in broad daylight!" Pumphrey had taken command of 221 as his own MTB was in dock and the commander of 221 had been ashore at the Stores, there had been no time to find him.
		Scharnhorst fired upon them when they were within 8000 yards, but as her 105mm guns were stood down she lacked proper anti destroyer armament.
		The four apparent occasions that the Scharnhorst was "surprised" are already spoken of in this section, couple this with evidence that Scharnhorst knew of the Duke of York's presence via her radar, yet they did not call the gun crews to action stations and "guns were fore and aft" when sighted.
	www.mikekemble.com /ww2/scharnhorst.html (10110 words)

	Simon Atack - Escort for the Scharnhorst
		Laying in port however, they became a target for constant air attack, Scharnhorst being damaged by bombs, and in February 1942 the decision was made to break out with the famous Channel Dash.
		Scharnhorst led the flotilla in a daring passage through the English Channel, heading for the sanctuary of Wilhelmshaven.
		They all got through but, striking two mines en-route, it was March 1943 before the Scharnhorst was able to resume battle operations when, under heavy escort, she sailed for Norway.
	www.aviatorart.com /atack/escort.htm (298 words)

	Scharnhorst
		June 15, 1935-The keel of the Scharnhorst is laid in the Kriegsmarinewerft in Wilhelmshaven.
		December 25, 1943-The Scharnhorst, Z29, Z30, Z33, Z34, Z38 leave to attempt an attack on convoy JW-55B, but is detected by British cruisers, which relay the sighting on to a larger force.
		December 26, 1943-The Scharnhorst is sighted by the British battleship Duke of York, and is sunk by the British ship at roughly 7:45 p.m., after several hours of fighting.
	www.angelfire.com /ia/totalwar/kmsScharnhorst.html (521 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Her armour was equal to that of a battleship and if it hadn't been for her relatively small-calibre guns she would have been classified as a battleship by the British.
		Both Scharnhorst and her sister were designed for an extended range to allow for commerce raiding.
		Scharnhorst's first wartime operation was a sweep into the Iceland-Faroes passage in late November 1939 with Gneisenau in which she sank the British Armed Merchant Cruiser Rawalpindi">HMS Rawalpindi.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=German_battlecruiser_Scharnhorst (1810 words)

	HMS Belfast
		Scharnhorst was a 26,000 tons cruiser armed with 11-inch guns and with a speed of 29 knots she would have no problems with any British ship.
		Scharnhorst tried to escape to attack the convoy from another side but only to find that Force One was now between the German cruiser and the convoy.
		None of Scharnhorst's turrets was working and one of her boilers was destroyed, the British destroyers finally fired 20 torpedoes and 19.50 the German cruiser sank.
	www.isazone.com /ww-ii/belfast (749 words)

	Scharnhorst, Gerhard Johann David von. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		When the French defeat in Russia enabled Prussia to break its alliance with France and join the anti-French coalition (1813), Scharnhorst served as chief of staff to the commander of the army, Field Marshal Blücher.
		Scharnhorst transformed the Prussian army from a mercenary force into a people’s army.
		Since the introduction of general conscription was impossible under Napoleonic rule, Scharnhorst invented the Krümpersystem under which a larger number of men than that allowed to Prussia could be trained in the use of arms; citizens were called to service for a short training period to be then replaced by another group.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sc/Scharnho.html (283 words)

	Archie - A Pilot in RAF Bomber Command - Scharnhorst and Gneisenau
		Scharnhorst had a maximum displacement of 39,017 tonnes (1943).
		The armament of the Scharnhorst consisted of nine main 28.3 cm (11.1") guns which were mounted in three triple turrets and a secondary armament comprising eight 15 cm (5.9") guns housed in twin turrets and four 15 cm (5.9") guns which were single mounted.
		Scharnhorsts days on the high seas came to an end, during the Battle of the North Cape, on December 26th 1943 at 1945 hrs when she was sunk by the Royal Navy with the loss of 1,932 lives.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /archie_bombercommand/battleshipsandg.html (946 words)

	Scharnhorst
		Nach der vernichtenden preußischen Niederlage gegen Napoleon machte sich Scharnhorst vehement und erfolgreich für den Gedanken der Volksbewaffnung stark.
		Scharnhorst, 1804 selbst in den Adelsstand erhoben, war bürgerlicher Herkunft.
		1801 wechselte Scharnhorst in preußische Dienste und wurde Lehrer an der Kriegsschule in Berlin.
	www.bundeswehr.de /portal/a/bwde/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4w3MjUASYGYhm5--pEwMV-P_NxU_aCUVH1v_QD9gtyIckdHRUUAXwt9EQ!!/delta/base64xml/L2dJQSEvUUt3QS80SVVFLzZfQV8yNTA!?yw_contentURL=%2F01DB179000000001%2FW26HQJK9108INFODE%2Fcontent.jsp (238 words)

	SMS Scharnhorst (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		SMS Scharnhorst was an 11,616 ton armoured cruiser of the Imperial German Navy, built at Hamburg, Germany, named after the Prussia n Reformer Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst and commissioned in October 1907.
		On 8 December 1914 the five cruisers of the squadron attempted to attack Port Stanley in the Falkland Islands, unaware of the presence of two British battlecruisers and five cruisers.
		In the ensuing Battle of the Falkland Islands, SMS Scharnhorst was lost with her entire crew, together with all of her squadron except the SMS Dresden''.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-SMS_Scharnhorst.html (224 words)

	Scharnhorst Operational history
		Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, CA Admiral Hipper and the destroyers Wolfgang Zenker, Wilhlem Heidkamp and Karl Galster are sent to intercept British convoys between Bergen and England, but no ships are sighted.
		Scharnhorst unsuccessfully tries to pull the British BB away of the convoy to enable the Gneisenau to attack the unprotected merchants.
		In the third attempt, the Scharnhorst sails to northern Norway and is stationed in the West Fjord/Alta Fjord.
	www.german-navy.de /kriegsmarine/ships/battleships/scharnhorst/operatrions.html (457 words)

	News \| Gainesville.com \| The Gainesville Sun \| Gainesville, Fla. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		SMS Scharnhorst was an 11,616 ton armored cruiser of the Imperial German Navy, built at the Blohm & Voss Shipyard in Hamburg, Germany.
		She was named after the Prussian reformer general Gerhard von Scharnhorst and commissioned on 24 October 1907.
		In the ensuing Battle of the Falkland Islands, SMS Scharnhorst was lost with her entire crew, together with all of her squadron except the SMS Dresden, which was sunk 3 months later off Valparaíso, Chile.
	www.gainesville.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=SMS_Scharnhorst (289 words)

	[No title]
		Dorette ENGEL was born in 1826 in Hanover.
		Marie Luise SCHARNHORST was born on 1 Jun 1853 in Gillespie County, Texas.
		Klara Johanne SCHARNHORST was born on 26 Dec 1868.
	www.geocities.com /wqtexas/schar.txt (329 words)

	Königin Luise von Preussen: Scharnhorst, preussischer Reformer, von/by Hans Dieter Müller
		Scharnhorst gehörte zu den großen Soldaten, die durch ihre Selbstzucht und durch ihr Schweigen immer ein wenig rätselhaft blieben.
		Obwohl Scharnhorst ein erfolgreicher Militärschriftsteller wird, ist er in seiner Rhetorik immer ein wenig hilflos.
		Scharnhorst, der heute unter den Reformern am wenigsten Bekannte, war nicht nur der exzellente Militärstratege mit klarem Blick für überholte, verkrustete Strukturen, er war zugleich auch Staatsmann.
	www.koenigin-luise.com /Reformen/Scharnhorst/scharnhorst.html (856 words)

	Scharnhorst
		Scharnhorst, a 31,100-ton Gneisenau-class battleship, was built at Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
		Her first wartime operation was a sweep into the Iceland-Faroes passage in late November 1939, in which the British armed merchant cruiser Rawalpindi was sunk.
		Scharnhorst's wreck was located and photographed by a Norwegian Navy underwater exploration group in the year 2000.
	www.fact-index.com /s/sc/scharnhorst.html (529 words)

	Scharnhorst Geman Batle cruiser
		In March 1943 the Scharnhorst was transferred to Northern Norway to continue her commerce raiding on Allied shipping, But on the 26th December 1943, while attempting to intercept convoy JW-55B.
		soon after the Scharnhorst was engaged by the Battleship HMS Duke of York along with the cruisers and was sunk with the loss of 1,803 crew (she had been hit by a number of shells and 14 torpedoes.
		She is shown at dawn as two type VII U-Boats glide towards her for a friendly rendezvous and to take on much needed supplies, as well as a few of the luxuries that the tiny u-boats were simply too small to carry.
	www.naval-art.com /scharnhorst.htm (1552 words)

	All Wood Wings: Scharnhorst Class Battleships - quality ship models crafted from wood
		Both ships of the Scharnhorst Class were laid down at two different shipyards in Germany on February 14, 1934.
		A major reconstruction was planned but never completed and she was decommissioned July 1942, and scuttled as a block ship at Gotenhafen in March 1945.
		Scharnhorst's career was even shorter, being damaged by two mines during "Operation Cerberus" in February 1942 - which required return to Kiel for repairs.
	www.allwoodwings.com /Ships/Military/Battleships/German-ScharnhorstClass.htm (313 words)

	Otto von Below (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Commissioned in 1801 as a lieutenant colonel in the Prussian Army, he taught at the Berlin War Academy (one of his students was Clausewitz).
		Scharnhorst was wounded at Auerstadt (1806) where he was serving as the Duke of Brunswick's chief of staff, and then he was captured one month later alongside Field Marshal von Bl cher at Ratkau.
		Von Scharnhorst's writings and reforms infused the Prussian Army with a sense of national pride, and his work greatly influenced subsequent military development.
	home.comcast.net /~maviser/scharnhorst.htm (175 words)

	Literary biography scholar Gary Scharnhorst to deliver Eidson Lecture
		Scharnhorst’s lecture will focus on the continuing relevance of authorial biography in literary studies, including recent discoveries in the lives of such American writers as Horatio Alger Jr., Bret Harte, Mark Twain, Emily Dickinson and Henry David Thoreau.
		Scharnhorst puts special emphasis on how these discoveries shape readings of the authors’ work, according to James Nagel, the J.O. Eidson Distinguished Professor of American Literature at UGA.
		Scharnhorst is editor of American Literary Realism (University of Illinois Press); editor in alternating years of American Literary Scholarship (Duke University Press); and editor of the Studies in American Literary Realism and Naturalism monograph series for the University of Alabama Press.
	www.uga.edu /news/artman/publish/printer_060303_EidsonLecture.shtml (267 words)

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