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Topic: Scheduled Castes and Tribes

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	Districts: scheduled caste definition
		Likewise, question 3 of the household scheduled enquires whether the head of the household belongs to scheduled caste or scheduled tribe and question 4 the name of the scheduled caste/tribe of the head of the household, if the answer to question 3 is in the affirmative.
		If a person merely claimed to be a scheduled caste or scheduled tribe, but said that he/she did not belong to any of the notified communities applicable to the area, as reflected in the list supplied to the enumerator, he/she was not reckoned as belonging to a scheduled caste or a scheduled tribe.
		If the person belonging to a scheduled caste or scheduled tribe returned his caste or tribe by any synonym or generic name of the caste or tribe not mentioned in the list, he was not eligible to be entered as belonging to a scheduled caste or tribe.
	www.bsos.umd.edu /socy/vanneman/districts/codebook/defsc.html (837 words)

	Adivasi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Officially recognized by the Indian government as "Scheduled Tribes" in the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India, they are often grouped together with scheduled castes in the category "Scheduled Castes and Tribes", which is eligible for certain affirmative action measures.
		Tribes typically consist of segmentary lineages whose extended families provide the basis for social organization and control.
		Tribes in the Himalayan foothills have not been as hard-pressed by the intrusions of non-tribals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scheduled_Tribes (2643 words)

	Concluding Observations - CERD - India - Concluding observations adopted up to December 31, 2003
		It was noted also that Tribes Advisory Councils had been set up in certain states to advise Governors on matters concerning the welfare of scheduled tribes and the development of the areas inhabited by them; information was requested on how the Councils functioned and on the specific programmes to develop the areas concerned.
		The number of members of scheduled castes in top civil service posts, for which entry was by competitive examination, had increased more than tenfold, and their representation in second-category posts had risen sevenfold.
		The Committee is particularly concerned at reports that people belonging to the scheduled castes and tribes are often prevented from using public wells or from entering cafés or restaurants and that their children are sometimes separated from other children in schools, in violation of article 5 (f) of the Convention.
	www.bayefsky.com /html/india_t4_cerd.php (9739 words)

	The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes - Broken People: Caste Violence Against India’s “Untouchables” (Human ...
		An Act to prevent the commission of offences of atrocities against the members of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, to provide for Special Courts for the trial of such offences and for the relief and rehabilitation of the victims of such offences and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
		(xv) forces or causes a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Sched uled Tribe to leave his house, village or other place of residence, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than six months but which may extend to five years and with fine.
		Whoever, being a public servant but not being a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe, wilfully neglects his duties required to be performed by him under this Act, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than six months but which may extend to one year.
	www.hrw.org /hrw/reports/1999/india/India994-16.htm (2326 words)

	Sabrang Alternative News Network
		Article 335 States that the claims of the members of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes shall be taken into consideration consistently with the maintenance of efficiency of administration in the making of appointments to the services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union and of a State.
		Secondly, the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes were separated from the expression backward classes there to make a distinction between them and the other backward classes.
		What is further not appreciated by the “well wishers” of the higher castes is that the present reservations are in favour of the ‘classes’ and not individuals, and in order that the individuals may qualify for them, they must belong to those classes.
	www.sabrang.com /news/9june03.htm (1504 words)

	Detail of the Letter / Codal / Manual Provisions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Scheduled Castes corresponding to Depressed Classes were specified for the first time in 1936 by His Majesty in Council, vide the Government of India Order, 1936 in accordance with the provisions made in the Government of India Act, 1935.
		This reservation on 12.5% for Scheduled Castes and 5% for Scheduled Tribes was later on increased to 15% and 7.5% respectively from 25.03.1970.
		The Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe direct recruits selected for a particular category, if declared medically unfit for the category, be considered for such other categories for which they are medically fit and, there is shortfall in the reserved quota to be made good under the personal powers vested with the General Manager.
	c.1asphost.com /iresttrule/listChapter.asp?So=100.51 (12373 words)

	[No title]
		The Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe candidates have been able to increase their representation in Central Government Services and Public Sector Undertakings over the years, as seen from the Table 1, due mainly to implementation of reservation policy coupled with educational and coaching facilities.
		The Scheduled Tribes' problems arise from geographical isolation characterised by low level of techno-economic de velopment and wide variation in the levels of living between different areas and different tribal groups but all the same assiduously retaining their distinct socio-cultural identity in a large measure.
		Later, in 1989, the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act was promulgated to prevent commission of offences and atrocities against the members of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes involving their perSon, dignity and property.
	planningcommission.nic.in /plans/planrel/fiveyr/8th/vol2/8v2ch16.htm (4614 words)

	Left upset over court's creamy layer views
		Major political parties are yet to take a stand on the Supreme Court's ruling to exclude the creamy layer among scheduled castes and tribes from reservations even as the Left parties Friday expressed their disappointment over the directive.
		The Supreme Court Thursday ruled that the more affluent and privileged - termed as creamy layer - among the scheduled castes and tribes quota beneficiaries should be kept out of the purview of reservation in government jobs and education.
		Although admitting there could not be any creamy layer among the scheduled tribes, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader Seshadri Chari said many in his party felt the affluent among the scheduled castes should not be allowed to avail of the benefits under the reservation.
	news.webindia123.com /news/articles/India/20061020/485171.html (349 words)

	MAR \| Data \| Chronology for Scheduled Tribes in India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Violence broke out after students belonging to the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) at the Jnanabharati campus of Bangalore University launched a demonstration to demand the suspension of a teacher in the Kannada Department, who had insulted the students during a trip.
		The Constitutional Bench of the Supreme Court ruled that the creation of lower standards for admission for scheduled tribe members, and scheduled castes for admission to medical school was contrary to the national interest and should be decided by the Medical Council of India and not any government body.
		Ramadoss, seeking recognition of the Scheduled Tribes residing in the Union Territory of Pondicherry.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=75011 (15802 words)

	[No title]
		The population of Scheduled Tribes was 53.8 million in 1981, constituting 7.8 per cent of the total population of the country.
		Diversion of funds meant for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes is not permitted.
		In rural areas, in 1987-88, the percentage of Scheduled Caste population below the poverty line was 44.7 and of Scheduled Tribe population 52.6, as compared to the All-India percentage of 33.4.
	www.education.nic.in /cd50years/15/8P/81/8P810G01.htm (2439 words)

	Scheduled Castes and Tribes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes are communities that are accorded special status by the Constitution of India.
		The Scheduled Tribes were unable to participate in the community life of the Indian Society and were thus deprived of any opportunity for integration with the rest of the society and corresponding opportunities for educational, social and economic growth.
		The Scheduled Caste peoples are also known as Dalits; Scheduled Tribe people are also referred to as Adivasis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Tribes (587 words)

	Discriminatory law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The proposed amendment to the Constitution, to ensure reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes students in private unaided professional institutions, does enjoy support cross-party support in Parliament.
		But while MPs will be exulting at this opportunity to project themselves as champions of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes welfare, a point of detail runs the risk of getting lost in their vacuous speeches when the amendment is debated upon in Parliament.
		The order was seen as having the potential of encouraging such colleges to deny admission to students from underprivileged families, especially those belonging to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
	www.hvk.org /articles/1205/66.html (514 words)

	Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes This page is last updated on Jan
		Amendment Act, 1976 and hence the attack to the provisions of the enactment on the ground that it violates the provisions in Part III of the Constitution cannot be upheld.
		Section 5 invalidated certain transfers effected by a member of a Scheduled Tribe on or after the first day of January 1960 and before the commencement of the Act and deemed the transfers to be invalid.
		All that required to be done was to implement the orders passed under the 1975 Act and to implement the provisions of that Act enacted as a measure of protection to the Scheduled Tribes in the light of the Constitutional mandate in that behalf.
	www.keral.com /Hcourt/fulltext/scst1.htm (7067 words)

	tribuneindia... Editorial
		AM continuing, in this piece, with the lot of the Scheduled Castes and Tribes because the Lok Sabha has just adopted the 84th Constitution Amendment Bill, which extends the reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and Tribes by another 10 years, that is until January 25, 2010.
		That would alienate these tribes and castes, particularly, the “creamy layer”, which for all practical purposes, has monopolised most of the benefits that have accrued from constitutional concessions.
		The expectation of the Constitution-makers was that, in 10 years, the Scheduled Castes and Tribes would sufficiently advance so as to be able to compete, on equal terms, with their more advanced brethren in society.
	www.tribuneindia.com /1999/99nov02/edit.htm (5972 words)

	What is job quota in private sector all about?
		The Common Minimum Programme of the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance suggests that there be job reservations for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in the private sector.
		The logic behind job quotas in the private sector is that scheduled castes and scheduled tribes will have greater opportunity or economic and social mobility.
		Maharashtra's legislature is debating a law that could mandate companies to employ up to half their staff from scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.
	inhome.rediff.com /money/2004/jun/09dt.htm (905 words)

	Bibliography
		"Caste, Class and Politics in Colonial Bengal: A Case Study of the Namasudra Movement of 1872-1937," in K. Sharma, ed., Caste and Class in India.
		The Shame of Free India: A Study of the Social and Economic Disabilities of Scheduled Castes and Tribes.
		Sachchidananda and Sinha, R. Education and the Disadvantaged: A Study of Scheduled Castes and Tribes.
	www.saxakali.com /southasia/bibliography1.htm (4240 words)

	[No title]
		These "scheduled castes" (SCs) and "scheduled tribes" (STs), named such because of their inclusion in a constitutional schedule, make up 25% of the total Indian population.
		Most notably, the category of scheduled castes includes Dalits, a group formerly known as untouchables, whose campaign for human rights and an end to oppression has been a significant player in Indian social activism since Independence.
		Despite recent progress and government reservations policies, lower caste and tribal people face immense discrimination in India and are often shut out of the larger society for religious, cultural and economic reasons.
	www.asiasource.org /asip/ngos_education2.cfm (2092 words)

	Detail of the Letter / Codal / Manual Provisions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Subject :- Concession to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes students in the matter of admission to the educational institutions run by the Railways.
		The maximum age limit for admission of students of these communities may be raised by three years; may be made applicable to all Railway Schools irrespective of the fact whether similar concessions are granted or not by the State Governments concerned.
		Number out of these, who are children and wards of Railway employees separately for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other communities.
	c.1asphost.com /iresttrule/listDetail.asp?Ino=4569 (401 words)

	Codebook: Indian district database
		A child of age of 4 years or less was treated as illiterate even if the child was going to a school and might have picked up reading and writing a few odd words.
		In view of this, the multipliers were later modified by Trussel who generated a different set of multipliers using model fertility schedules developed by Coale and Trussel and the regional model life tables generated by Coale and Demeney.
		In estimating the child mortality we have used the Trussel equation.
	www.bsos.umd.edu /socy/vanneman/districts/codebook/variable.html (5346 words)

	A Dalit Bibliography - Karnataka: Dalits etc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Enthoven, R.E. The Tribes and Castes of Bombay, 3 vols.
		Directorate of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Welfare Note on the Schemes implemented for the welfare of SC and ST in Karnataka.
		Measures taken for the welfare of Scheduled Castes, ST Denotified Tribes and Nomadic Tribes in Karnataka.
	www.gla.ac.uk /sociology/units/anthrop/dalit/ksc.htm (2754 words)

	CIOL : News : Reservation in Private Sector: Half a Century of Errors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Since the new provision in the Constitution did not supported this particular provision, the first Constitution Amendment was brought forward by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and it gave a new impetus for the backward and socially-oppressed community, SC/ST, by giving a special explanation in the Article 15, as a new Clause (4).
		Champakam (1951 SCR 525: AIR 1951 SC 226), to the effect that Art 29 (2) is not controlled by Article 46 and that the Constitution does not intend to protect the interest of the backward classes in the matter of admission to educational institutions.
		However, though the amendment would validate reservation for the backward classes and Scheduled Castes and Tribes, it would not support the distribution of seats according to communities so as to discriminate between classes who are not backward.
	www.ciol.com /content/news/2006/106050401.asp (1218 words)

	THE CONSTITUTION (AMENDMENT)
		the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and to entrust to the
		Scheduled Tribes to be known as the National Commission for the
		Scheduled Tribes as the President may, subject to the provisions of
	www.constitution.org /cons/india/tamnd65.htm (881 words)

	The Hindu : National : 'Rise in crimes against Scheduled Castes, Tribes'
		Crimes against the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes showed a steady increase between 1998 and 2002 with Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh topping the list.
		While the number of cases of atrocities against SCs rose from 7,445 in 1998 to 33,507 in 2002, the cases against STs went up from 725 to 6,774 in the same period.
		Statistics available with the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes Commissions indicate that Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu recorded high incidence of atrocities against SC/ST between 1996-2000.
	www.hindu.com /2004/07/20/stories/2004072002311300.htm (330 words)

	Chronology
		December: A vitamin A deficiency is widespread in India and in several other developing countries according to a study that included variables such as age, sex, father's educational status, caste, and the number of Vitamin doses.
		September 14: A state sponsored strike in support of job and educational quotas for members of the scheduled tribes and scheduled castes turned violent in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh.
		12 August 1999: The Constitutional Bench of the Supreme Court ruled that the creation of lower standards for admission for scheduled tribe members, and scheduled castes for admission to medical school was contrary to the national interest and should be decided by the Medical Council of India and not any government body.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/data/indsctrchro.htm (16262 words)

	Rediff On The NeT: First half of Lok Sabha's Budget session ends abruptly
		Buta Singh said the Forum of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Members of Parliament had been appealing to the government for the past year to withdraw the five controversial orders.
		Buta Singh said reservations for the Scheduled Castes and Tribes is a constitutional guarantee and nobody can violate the Constitution.
		The first memorandum said if any Scheduled Caste/Tribe candidate is promoted against reservation superseding a general category candidate, the seniority of the general category candidate will be restored when he is promoted.
	www.rediff.com /news/1999/mar/18quota.htm (973 words)

	Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes This page is last updated on Jan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A person born of Christian parents, cannot claim to be a member of Scheduled Castes, if his parents converted prior to his birth and ceased to be a member of scheduled castes.
		Christian is not a scheduled caste under the notification issued by the president.
		The Commissioner and Secretary to Government Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes, W.A.No.218 of 1998, dated 18-12-1999.
	www.keral.com /Hcourt/judgemt/scst.htm (129 words)

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