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Topic: Schiff base

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	Connectivity of the Retinal Schiff Base to Asp85 and Asp96 during the Bacteriorhodopsin Photocycle: The Local-Access ...
		retinal to 13-cis,15-anti is from the retinal Schiff base to the
		of the Schiff base to the entrances of the EC and CP half-channels
		unprotonated Schiff base the retinal reisomerizes to all-trans,
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/75/3/1455 (6157 words)

	Cobalt Schiff base compounds - Patent 6008190
		Schiff's bases are generally the condensation products of amines and aliphatic aldehydes forming azomethines substituted on the nitrogen atom.
		By the term "cobalt compound" herein is meant a tetradentate Schiff's base with a bound cobalt atom.
		The Schiff's base may be substituted or unsubstituted, and the cobalt may be Co(II) or Co(III).
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6008190.html (13766 words)

	Research - Schiff Bases
		Schiff bases are typically formed by the condensation of a primary amine and an aldehyde.
		The choice of pyrrole based Schiff base systems is in keeping with our experience with porphyrins (which are tetrapyrrole macrocycles) and the fact that their deprotonation upon metallation generates a very powerful anionic
		Since both of these metals may be active catalysts for the polymerization of alkenes and related monomers, we have recently become interested in ways of synthesizing tridentate Schiff base ligands with at least one pyrrole group.
	chemweb.unp.ac.za /munro/schiff_bases.htm (664 words)

	How vertebrate and invertebrate visual pigments differ in their mechanism of photoactivation -- Nakagawa et al. 96 ...
		to the protonated Schiff base, presumably by being in its anionic,
		The position of the counterion to the protonated Schiff base of vertebrate visual pigments is denoted by *, where a glutamic acid residue is conserved in all known vertebrate visual pigments.
		for the Schiff base, as is observed (14).
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/96/11/6189 (2363 words)

	Fun with Bacteriorhodopsin
		Once the proton has shifted from Schiff base to Asp85, the orientation of the retinal is shifted from in the extracellular direction to toward the cytoplasm as part of a complex shift of hydrogen bonds between Schiff base and surrounding residues and water molecules [3].
		This prevents the reprotonation of the Schiff base by Asp85 and facilitates the transfer of a proton from the cytoplasmic channel.
		During this intermediate state, the Schiff base is reprotonated from a proton transported from Asp96.
	www.arches.uga.edu /~bgiri/bcmb8010 (2279 words)

	Schiff base - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Schiff base (or azomethine), named after Hugo Schiff, is a functional group that contains a carbon-nitrogen double bond with the nitrogen atom connected to an aryl or alkyl group—but not hydrogen.
		Schiff bases are of the general formula R
		Schiff bases can be synthesized from an aromatic amine and a carbonyl compound by nucleophilic addition forming a hemiaminal, followed by a dehydration to generate an imine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Schiff_base (207 words)

	Carbonyl Reactivity
		Free anions of this kind would be extremely strong bases and nucleophiles, but their extraordinary reactivity would make them difficult to prepare and use.
		Remember, with the exception of epoxides, ethers are generally unreactive with strong bases or nucleophiles.
		Reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with excess hydrazine generates a hydrazone derivative, which on heating with base gives the corresponding hydrocarbon.
	www.cem.msu.edu /~reusch/VirtualText/aldket1.htm (4359 words)

	The Protonation-Deprotonation Kinetics of the Protonated Schiff Base in Bicelle Bacteriorhodopsin Crystals -- Sanii et ...
		Hydration of the counterion of the Schiff base in the chloride-transporting mutant of bacteriorhodopsin: FTIR and FT-Raman studies of the effects of anion binding when Asp85 is replaced with a neutral residue.
		Acid-base equilibrium of the Schiff base in bacteriorhodopsin.
		On the molecular mechanisms of the Schiff base deprotonation during the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/89/1/444 (5035 words)

	Membrane immobilization of nucleic acids (IVDT archive, Nov 01)
		The Schiff’s base reaction between a primary amine and an aldehyde.
		To ensure the formation of a nonreversible bond, the intermediate Schiff’s base should be reduced with a mild reducing agent, for example, sodium borohydride.
		Even though the Schiff’s base reaction is reversible under physiological conditions, because multiple bases have been formed, one base may reverse while other bases continue to provide binding.
	www.devicelink.com /ivdt/archive/01/11/003.html (2937 words)

	Methyl Groups in Retinal Schiff Base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The effect of the methyl substitutions at different carbon atoms of the polyene chain of the retinal Schiff bas has been studied on the structure, charge distribution and proton affinity (PA) in a Schiff base model with the same number of conjugated double bonds (six conjugated double bonds including the Schiff base group).
		The methyl substitutions have substantial effects on the calculated PA of the studied Schiff base structures.
		of the Schiff base group, can be manipulated by the protein environment via steric interactions between the methyl groups and the binding pocket of retinal proteins such as bacteriorhodopsin.
	genome.dkfz-heidelberg.de /users/emad/pub_abs/methyl_abs.html (460 words)

	National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure: Archives
		She starts with an enzyme and a Schiff base in their initial states, then models what occurs as each enzyme reacts with the Schiff base to form new molecular structures.
		Schiff base is ideal for Ondrechen's study because it serves as a substrate in four different kinds of reactions.
		Since four classes of enzyme are known to act upon the Schiff base substrate, a representative enzyme with known structure data was required from each of those classes.
	www.npaci.edu /enVision/v15.4/ondrechen.html (1346 words)

	A Schiff Base Nickel Complex. A New Material as Modifier for Selective Electrodes
		Complexes of Schiff base ligands with structural similarities to phtalocyanines (N4-macrocycles) [7, 12-14], and other related compounds [15-20], are currently used as modifiers of the active surface of electrodes to improve their catalytic activity in the selective detection of organic pollutants [15, 21-24] and the entrainment of metals.
		According to the results obtained, the Schiff base condensation is adequate for the synthesis of the ligand L
		García and J. Oakes, “Copper(II) Complexes of Schiff Base Ligand Derived from 2-(2-pyridylmetyyl)-1,3-propanediamine”, Polyhedron, 17, [21] (1998) 3803-3808.
	www.azom.com /Details.asp?ArticleID=3351 (2486 words)

	Ultrafast Excited State Dynamics of the Protonated Schiff Base of All-trans Retinal in Solvents Biophysical Journal - ...
		We present a comparative study of the ultrafast photophysics of all-trans retinal in the protonated Schiff base form in solvents with different polarities and viscosities.
		Steady-state spectra of retinal in the protonated Schiff base form show large absorption-emission Stokes shifts (6500-8100 cm^sup -1^) for both polar and nonpolar solvents.
		Absorption and fluorescence studies of unprotonated and protonated n-butylamine Schiff bases of all-trans retinal were performed (Becker and Freedman, 1985; Freedman and Becker, 1986), along with measurements of the fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes (Bachilo et al., 1996; Bachilo and Gillbro, 1999; Huppert and Rentzepis, 1986).
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3938/is_200504/ai_n13602136 (891 words)

	Strain relief at the active site of phosphoserine aminotransferase induced by radiation damage -- Dubnovitsky et al. 14 ...
		Schiff base that leads to geometrical distortion of the cofactor.
		In the "undamaged" PLP-Lys Schiff base in BALC PSAT, the cofactor
		Hayashi, H., Mizuguchi, H., and Kagamiyama, H. The imine-pyridine torsion of the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate Schiff base of aspartate aminotransferase lowers its pKa in the unliganded enzyme and is crucial for the successive increase in the pKa during catalysis.
	protsci.highwire.org /cgi/content/full/14/6/1498 (4694 words)

	Quantum Mechanical Study on the Excitation Energies and Potential Energy Surfaces of Retinal and the Protonated Schiff ...
		In this work we focus on the isomerization of retinal (1) and its Schiff base (2) in 11 position from the all-trans to the 11-cis conformer and we plan to extend the study to the rotation about both the 13 and 9 position in forthcoming publications.
		The environmental effect of the protein is simulated by linkage in a Schiff base and its energies and rotation barriers are compared to free retinal.
		The twisted geometry of the Schiff base in its second excited state is mainly (41%) described by a single excitation of one HOMO electron into the LUMO+2 (for retinal: LUMO+1).
	www.photobiology.com /photobiology2000/parusel (3891 words)

	Structural Transition of Bacteriorhodopsin Is Preceded by Deprotonation of Schiff Base: Microsecond Time-Resolved X-Ray ...
		Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) produced on the cell membrane of Halobacterium sallinarium is a light-driven proton pump, transporting a proton unidirectionally from the cytoplasm to the extracellular medium by utilizing photon energy.
		BR is composed of a bacterioopsin (248 residues) and a retinal, serving as a chromophore connected to the apoprotein via a Schiff base with a lysine residue (Haupts et al., 1999).
		Thus, it has been proposed that the Schiff base switches the access from the extracellular side to the cytoplasmic side during the M^sub 1^-M^sub 2^ transition.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3938/is_200501/ai_n9476508 (952 words)

	POL: ASP: 29th Annual Meeting: Abstracts
		First, their spectra must be modulated so that the chromophore, a Schiff base of retinal, absorbs at appropriate wavelengths.
		In at least four of the families the retinal is attached to the protein as a protonated Schiff base.
		Moreover, the pK of the Schiff base should be above 9 so that the Schiff base is always protonated in the dark.
	www.kumc.edu /POL/ASP_Home/Meetings/Annual2001/Monday/01abs066.htm (355 words)

	Design and synthesis of antituberculars: preparation and evaluation against Mycobacterium tuberculosis of an isoniazid ...
		The INH Schiff base was examined for its bioavailability in
		of the INH Schiff base by oral gavage (10 mL/kg).
		The INH Schiff base was determined to be non-mutagenic in the
	jac.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/53/2/185 (4223 words)

	Mechanism of Ion Transport across Membranes. BACTERIORHODOPSIN AS A PROTOTYPE FOR PROTON PUMPS -- Lanyi 272 (50): 31209 ...
		of the retinal Schiff base to its proton acceptor and donor is
		The second observation, made from x-ray diffraction, was that deprotonation of the Schiff base of the D85N mutant by raising
		base and the subsequent proton uptake from the cytoplasmic surface
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/272/50/31209 (4303 words)

	Schiff - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Schiff is a surname that may refer to:
		Heinrich Schiff, a noted Austrian cellist, much in demand as a soloist with the world's leading chamber ensembles and orchestras
		Mortimer L. Schiff, early notable of the Boy Scouts of America, member of the World Scout Committee from 1922-1931, for whom the Schiff Scout Reservation is named
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Schiff (201 words)

	nov8.html
		Ser 195 was responsible for the nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon of the peptide bond.
		His 57 was there acting as a base which pulled the proton off Ser 195, therefore activating it and making it a better nucleophile.
		Another important group that forms Schiff bases is pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6).
	tonga.usip.edu /gmoyna/biochem341/lecture27.html (1528 words)

	A mechanism for the exclusion of low-fidelity human Y-family DNA polymerases from base excision repair -- Haracska et ...
		bond between the base and the deoxyribose moiety of the nucleotide.
		Schiff base with sodium borohydride (Piersen et al.
		Although Schiff base formation is a prerequisite for a nonhydrolytic
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/17/22/2777 (4650 words)

	Schiff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Schiff is a surname that may refer to:
		Heinrich Schiff, a noted Austrian cellist, much in demand as a soloist with the world's leading chamber ensembles and orchestras
		Mortimer L. Schiff, early notable of the Boy Scouts of America, member of the World Scout Committee from 1922-1931, for whom the Schiff Scout Reservation is named
	www.buzznet.com /buzzwords/schiff (216 words)

	S - Glossary of chemical terms
		Salt is an ionic compound formed by the reaction of an acid and a base.
		Schiff base is a class of compounds derived by chemical reaction (condesation) of aldehydes or ketones with aromatic amines, for example
		Second (s) is the SI base unit of time.
	www.ktf-split.hr /periodni/en/abc/s.html (1490 words)

	Modification of Proteins by Isoketal-containing Oxidized Phospholipids -- Brame et al. 279 (14): 13447 -- Journal of ...
		Representative chromatograms of IsoK lactam (A) and reduced Schiff base lysyl adducts (B) from rat liver proteins.
		The broader elution volume in the upper chromatograms is caused by the presence of multiple isomeric forms of the adducts.
		of Schiff base adducts were esterified to phospholipids.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/279/14/13447 (2106 words)

	TCB Publications - Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The spectra of carbonium ions, cyanine dyes, and protonated Schiff base polyenes.
		The origin of the strong bathochromic shift of the visual pigment supposedly lies in the carbonium ion character of the protonated Schiff base retinal.
		Following this conjecture, we have carried out a comparative study of the spectra of the carbonium ions, cyanine dyes, and protonated Schiff base polyenes.
	www.ks.uiuc.edu /Publications/Papers/paper.cgi?tbcode=SCHU80A (340 words)

	Hugo (Ugo) Schiff (www.whonamedit.com)
		Hugo Schiff was a pupil of Friedrich Wöhler (1800-1882) at the University of Göttingen.
		His brother, Moritz Schiff (1823-1896), was professor of physiology at the same university.
		The Hugo Schiff International Store House, at the University of Florence, Italy, is named for him.
	www.whonamedit.com /doctor.cfm/2335.html (204 words)

	Protective efficacy of a DNA influenza virus vaccine is markedly increased by the coadministration of a schiff ...
		Charo J, Lindencrona JA, Carlson LM, Hinkula J, Kiessling R. Protective efficacy of a DNA influenza virus vaccine is markedly increased by the coadministration of a schiff base-forming drug.
		Protective efficacy of a DNA influenza virus vaccine is markedly increased by the coadministration of a schiff base-forming drug.
		We have recently described a simple and efficient approach to enhance pDNA immunization, based on the use of tucaresol, a Schiff base-forming drug.
	www.flu.org.cn /en/article-3153.html (343 words)

	Stereoselective Polymerization of rac-Lactide Using a Monoethylaluminum Schiff Base Complex
		A monoethylaluminum Schiff base complex (2) with formula LAlEt (L = N,N'-(2,2-dimethylpropylene)bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneimine) was synthesized and employed for the stereoselective ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide (rac-LA).
		The complex 2 was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, crystal structure, and elemental analysis.
		The relationship between the rac-LA conversion and molecular weights of the polymer was linear so that the polymerization could be well controlled.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/bomaf6/2004/5/i03/abs/bm034467o.html (236 words)

	Chemical Terminology - Definition of Term Schiff Base
		Home » Chemical Terminology - S » Schiff Base
		Definition : A Schiff base, or imine, is a substance that is formed when primary amines react with aldehydes and ketones.
		The Plasma Dictionary is based on the Fusion & Plasma Glossary that was originally created on FusEdWeb, Fusion Energy Educational Website which has additional introductory information on plasma and fusion science.
	www.alcwin.org /Chemical_Terminology_Description-371-S.htm (418 words)

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