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Topic: Schism of the Three Chapters

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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pelagius II
		The most important acts of Pelagius have relation to the Lombards, or to the Istrian schism of the Three Chapters.
		caused in Italy by the condemnation of the Three Chapters by
		Pelagius was one of the popes who laboured to promote the celibacy of the clergy, and he issued such stringent regulations on this matter, with regard to the subdeacons in the island of Sicily, that his successor Gregory I thought them too strict, and modified them to some extent.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11603a.htm (981 words)

	PAPACY - LoveToKnow Article on PAPACY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In the 4th century the Donatist party was in open schism; the orthodox party had the upper hand in the time of Aurelius and Augustine; the regular meeting of the councils further increased the corporate cohesion of the African Episcopal body.
		When the schism of 1130 broke out he endeavoured to procure the cancellation of the clauses of the Concordat of Worms and to recover lay investiture by way of compensation for the support he had given to Innocent II., one of the competing popes.
		and Benedict XIII., as manifest heretics and partisans of the schism.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PA/PAPACY.htm (20431 words)

	Three Chapters
		The Three chapters (trîa kephálaia) were propositions anathematizing: (1) the person and writings of Theodore of Mopsuestia; (2) certain writings of Theodoret of Cyrus; (3) the letter of Ibas to Maris.
		The first is from an African bishop named Pontianus, in which he entreats the emperor to withdraw the Three Chapters on the ground that their condemnation struck at Chalcedon.
		Next he and Justinian agreed to a general council in which Vigilius pledged himself to bring about the condemnation of the Three Chapters, it being understood that the emperor should take no further steps till the council should be arranged.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/t/three_chapters.html (1567 words)

	Istria on the Internet - History - Spread of Christianity
		During the three centuries of persecutions which preceded Constantine's edict of toleration (313 A.D.) the Julian region had already been exposed to the influence of the new religion and there are well-documented examples of private places of worship in Pola and Parenzo.
		The schism of the Three Chapters, in 607, brought into existence the schismatic Patriarchate of Aquileia (including the sees of mainland Venice) and the orthodox Patriarchate of Grado (including the sees of Istria, with Trieste and and those on the coast of the lagoon).
		With the suppression of the ecclesiastical province of Gorizia in 1788, the diocese of Trieste, together with those of Segna-Modrussa and Parenzo-Pola, was a suffragan of the metropolitan church of Lubiana from 1788 to 1807, during the turbulent rule of Joseph II.
	www.istrianet.org /istria/religion/history/christians-eng.htm (4826 words)

	Questions About How to Write
		The big secret about chapters is that they're not much of anything but a convenience for the writer, and secondarily for the reader.
		Chapter Two appears and you can tell your significant other that you did an entire chapter in one day.
		But there are plenty of writers who don't think at novel length, and who would be hurting their work if they spent all their time trying to write novels when they have the sort of mind that bursts with fresh ideas, new characters, and strange twists every day.
	www.hollylisle.com /fm/Articles/faqs1.html (2110 words)

	Apocalypse 4
		The three Woes are to be the Advents of Muhammad, the Bab and Baha'u'llah.
		In astrological symbolism, the three Woes correspond to the 'fiery triplicity,' that is, Sagittarius, Aries and Leo.
		By these three was a third part of men killed, by the fire, and by the smoke, and by the brimstone, which issued out of their mouths.
	bci.org /prophecy-fulfilled/apoc2.htm (9897 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Three Chapters
		The Three chapters (trîa kephálaia) were propositions anathematizing: (1) the person and writings of Theodore of Mopsuestia; (2) certain writings of Theodoret of Cyrus; (3) the letter of Ibas to Maris.
		Justinian who was consulting about further measures against the Origenists, and raised the question of the Three Chapters to divert the attention of the emperor.
		Constantinople while Italy, Africa, Sardinia, Sicily, and the countries of Illyricum and Hellas through which he journeyed were up in arms against the condemnation of the Three Chapters, it was clear that the Greek-speaking bishops as a whole were not prepared to withstand the emperor.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14707b.htm (1560 words)

	Chapter Ecclesiastical Discord. of History of The Decline And Fall of The Roman Empire by Gibbon
		The capital, the palace, the nuptial bed, were torn by spiritual discord; yet so doubtful was the sincerity of the royal consorts, that their seeming disagreement was imputed by many to a secret and mischievous confederacy against the religion and happiness of their people.
		The famous dispute of the Three Chapters, which has filled more volumes than it deserves lines, is deeply marked with this subtile and disingenuous spirit.
		It was now three hundred years since the body of Origen had been eaten by the worms: his soul, of which he held the preexistence, was in the hands of its Creator; but his writings were eagerly perused by the monks of Palestine.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/1/62/109/25689/16.html (675 words)

	[No title]
		The Three Chapters, however, aroused some opposition in the East and a great deal more in the West, first because they condemned men who had long ago died at peace with the Church, and then because this condemnation, quite wrongly, was regarded as a slap against the Council of Chalcedon.
		Buffeted between the relentless pressure of the Emperor to agree to the Three Chapters, and the angry determination of the Westerners that he should repudiate them, he did not know which way to turn.
		He kept on insisting that neither the Three Chapters nor the Fifth General Council were opposed to Chalcedon.
	www.ewtn.com /library/CHRIST/POPES.TXT (22289 words)

	Byzantine Studies Conference: 1977 Abstracts
		The three movements, if taken together, can be seen to characterize the fourth century as a period of classical or classicistic revivals; their combined literature accounts for nearly every example of the figural arts which can be dated to the second, third and fourth quarters of the century.
		The hypotheses of three Renaissance movements in such close succession arise from studies of materials with distinct patrons and chronologies for which a theory of one major movement with different, though related, manifestations might be better substituted.
		The three basic early imperial stereotypes of the uncivilized and subhuman barbarian are by and large strengthened in the fourth century despite the growing presence of foreigners in the army, bureaucracy and imperial family.
	www.byzconf.org /1977abstracts.html (16725 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - - ARCHIVE - Ducal Court of Venice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Venice obtained three quarters in the capital, most of the Peloponnesus, the eastern shoes of the Adriatic, the Sea of Marmora, and the Black Sea, the coasts of Terraglia.
		Three members served as inquisitors of state and investigated, by means of a secret police, all criminal, moral, religious, and political offenses.
		In order for the three nations to remain independent bodies each shall send a delegation of 20 nobles as Senators to represent their nation in the Confederation Senate.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=107177 (11401 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The last four chapters of Second Samuel may be regarded as a sort of appendix recording various events, but not chronologically.
		Frequent gaps are met with in the record, because their object is to present a history of the kingdom of God in its gradual development, and not of the events of the reigns of the successive rulers.
		But that Satan was the actual tempter, and that he used the serpent merely as his instrument, is evident (1) from the nature of the transaction; for although the serpent may be the most subtle of all the beasts of the field, yet he has not the high intellectual faculties which the tempter here displayed.
	www.ccel.org /e/easton/ebd/ebd/T0003200.html (10482 words)

	Pope Gregory I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Gregory's chief acts as Pope include his role in the schism of the Three Chapters[?], and sending Augustine to convert the Anglo-Saxons in Britain.
		But self-conceit reason strikes down.html">down altogether, since are vain and unjustifiable, for the certainty of a state of mind worth (as we shall presently show more clearly), and prior to this propensity to self-esteem is one of the inclinations which the moral Therefore the moral law breaks down self-conceit.
		In the preceding chapter we have seen that everything that by that law itself, which is the supreme condition of.
	www.termsdefined.net /po/pope-gregory-i.html (297 words)

	Padua
		The first bishop is said to have been St. Prosdocimus, who cannot have governed the diocese earlier than the beginning of the third century, when the See of Milan was created, even if Crispinus, at the Council of Sardica in 347, was the twelfth Bishop of Padua.
		After the destruction of the city by Attila, the bishops resided in the island of Melamocco, and took part in the schism of The Three Chapters; Tricidius (620) returned to Padua, which had again grown up.
		Among the other bishops were Gauslinus, who, in 964, found the relics of the third bishop, St Fidentius; Blessed Bernardo Maltraverso (1031); Pietro (1096), deposed by the Council of Guastalla; St. Bellino Bertaldo, killed in 1147 by Tommaso Capodivacca; Gerardo Marostica (1169), a pacifier.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/p/padua.html (980 words)

	Ceneda (Catholic Encyclopedia) - BibleWiki
		The Gospel, it is said, was preached in this region in the first century by St. Fortunatus, deacon of St. Hermagoras of Aquileia.
		The earliest known bishop is Vindemius, present in 579 at the Synod of Grado, held to continue the Schism of the Three Chapters.
		In 680 Ursinus, bishop of Ceneda, was present at the Council of Rome convened against the Monothelites.
	bible.tmtm.com /wiki/Ceneda_%28Catholic_Encyclopedia%29 (242 words)

	VtM - Rules: The Church Knights. Book 1 - The Genesis
		In the battle that ensued, all three fully armed knights were killed while combating an apparently unarmed man. The remaining knights arrived on the scene and overpowered the weakening creature.
		Schisms within the ranks have left a widely divided Church spread over a broad spectrum of theology, some bordering on the extreme.
		Its members, recruited from the cream of intellectual society, are devoted to the gathering and studying of occult-related information, and are focused primarily on the past rather than the modern world.
	home.earthlink.net /~captkras/dave_html/mage/ck.3.0/CK-Book1.html (7004 words)

	The History of the Decline and Fall of The Roman Empire - Vol 4 - Chapter XLVII Part IV
		The insufficient term of three months was assigned for the conversion or exile of all heretics; and if he still connived at their precarious stay, they were deprived, under his iron yoke, not only of the benefits of society, but of the common birth-right of men and Christians.
		On the approach of the Catholic priests and soldiers, they grasped with alacrity the crown of martyrdom the conventicle and the congregation perished in the flames, but these primitive fanatics were not extinguished three hundred years after the death of their tyrant.
		To the three former, the Syriac is common; but of the latter, each is discriminated by the use of a national idiom.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/roman/thedeclineandfalloftheromanempire-4/chap41.html (2823 words)

	Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
		Chapter 2: Of the Union and Internal Prosperity of the Roman Empire, in the Age of the Antonines
		Chapter 3: Of the Constitution of the Roman Empire, in the Age of the Antonines (96 - 180 A.D.)
		Chapter 11: Reign of Claudius --- Defeat of the Goths --- Victories, Triumph, and Death of Aurelian (268 - 275 A.D.)
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /jod/texts/gibbon.excerpts.html (8099 words)

	Pope Gregory I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He was born to a patrician Roman family and pursued a secular political career which climaxed in the position of Urban Prefect before he entered a monastery.
		Gregory's chief acts as Pope include his role in the schism of the Three Chapters, and sending Augustine of Canterbury to convert the Anglo-Saxons in Britain.
		He is also known in the East as a tireless worker for communication and understanding between East and West.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/p/po/pope_gregory_i.html (365 words)

	HONORIUS - LoveToKnow Article on HONORIUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is, however, in connection with the Monothelite heresy that Honorius is most remembered, his attitude in this matter having acquired fresh importance during the controversy raised by the promulgation of the dogma of papal infallibility in 1870.
		In his efforts to consolidate the papal power in Italy, Honorius had been hampered by the schism of the three chapters in Istria and Venetia, a schism that was ended by the deposition in 628 of the schismatic patriarch Fortunatus of Aquileia-Grado and the elevation of a Roman sub-deacon to the patriarchate.
		However that may be, he joined the patriarchs of Constantinople and Alexandria in supporting the doctrine of one will in Christ, and expounded this view forcibly, if somewhat obscurely, in two letters to the patriarch Sergius (Epist.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HO/HONORIUS.htm (1600 words)

	Monophysitism on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		These were the person and writings of Theodore of Mopsuestia, the writings of Theodoret against St. Cyril of Alexandria, and the letter of Ibas of Edessa to Maris the Persian.
		Since parts of the Three Chapters were considered orthodox by the majority of Catholics, the edict was confusing.
		Justinian's successors alternately favored and suppressed Monophysitism, but by 600 the lines of schism had hardened; the Coptic Church (see under Copts), the Jacobite Church of Syria, and the Armenian Church, all Monophysite, were established.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/m/monophys.asp (628 words)

	Volterra (Catholic Encyclopedia) - BibleWiki
		Nothing is known as to its Christian origins; Eucharistus, the first bishop of Volterra of whom there is any record (495), was deposed by the pope, and Helpidius (496) was put in his place.
		Justus (560) was at first involved in the Schism of the Three Chapters.
		The conflict on this score was continued under Pagano's successors, particularly under Raineri Belforti (1301).
	bible.tmtm.com /wiki/Volterra_%28Catholic_Encyclopedia%29 (656 words)

	blah
		Taking advantage of this "peace and quiet", Pelagius II renewed the exertions of his namesake to put an end to the schism caused in Italy by the condemnation of the Three Chapters by Vigilius.
		The deacon Gregory was recalled from Constantinople, and assisted the pope in the correspondence which was forthwith initiated with Bishop Elias of Grado and the bishops of Istria.
		The words of the pope were, however, lost upon the schismatics, and equally without effect was the violence of the Exarch Smaragdus, who seized Severus, the successor of Elias, and, by threats, compelled him to enter into communion with the orthodox bishop, John of Ravenna (588).
	www.hismercy.ca /content/church_docs/listpopes/p50-99/p063-Pelagius2.html (749 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Volume III: Nicene and Post-Nicene Christianity. A.D. 311-600. (iii.xii.xxviii) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A.D. The Three, Chapters, and the Fifth Ecumenical Council, A.D. The Three, Chapters, and the Fifth Ecumenical Council, A.D. Comp., besides the literature already cited, H. Noris (R.C.): Historia Pelagiana et dissertatio de Synodo Quinta oecumen.
		These are the so-called Three Chapters, or formulas of condemnation, or rather the persons and writings designated and condemned therein.
		Thus was kindled the violent controversy of the Three Chapters, of which it has been said that it has filled more volumes than it was worth lines.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc3.iii.xii.xxviii.html (1399 words)

	MAJOR COUNCILS OF THE CHURCH: (councils.htm)
		The Second Council in Constantinople condemned the "Three Chapters" which was a collection of statements by three deceased disciples of the deposed Nestorius.
		It was necessary to call a second General Council just 16 years later because of the Papal schism in which Pope Innocent II declared null and void all acts and decrees by the deceased antipope Anicletus II.
		This Council's main docket was the attempt to reunite with the Eastern Church, but it was only temporary and the schism grew wider after the solidification of the Dogmatic Filioque in which it was reaffirmed emphatically that the Holy Ghost proceeds from both the Father and the Son.
	www.dailycatholic.org /history/councils.htm (2468 words)

	PELAGIUS II
		Pelagius took advantage of this breathing spell to try to bring the Three Chapters schism to an end.
		Actually this schism had begun at Aquileia, but the Lombards had sent Bishop and people scurrying to the island of Grado for safety.
		The schism dragged on, despite the efforts of Pope Pelagius II.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp63.htm (484 words)

	A HISTORICAL OUTLINE OF ISTRIA
		International factors manifested themselves principally in the continuous quarrelling and tests of strength between the Byzantine and Lombard States in the upper Adriatic, after the former was left only with the territory of Istra and the narrow coastal strip between Aquileia and the rapidly expanding town in the Venetian lagoon.
		He, together with the three Istran bishops of Trieste, Poreč and Cissa, had revoked his adhesion to the schism because of pressures and violence from the Byzantine authorities in Ravenna, but now he again joined it.
		Almost certainly the politico-religious crisis in the cities of northern Istra (most of the bishops of Pula did not adhere to the schism) was linked to the arrival of (?catholic) refugees from the continental hinterland.
	www2.arnes.si /~mkralj/istra-history/middle.html (7652 words)

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