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	Schmalkaldic League. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Led by Philip of Hesse and John Frederick I of Saxony, the league grew rapidly.
		In an effort to crush the independence of the states of the empire and to restore unity to the Roman Catholic Church, Charles initiated the so-called Schmalkaldic War against the league.
		At the battle of Mühlberg (1547), the league was defeated.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sc/SchmlkLg.html (154 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Schmalkaldic League
		The Schmalkaldic League was a defensive league of Protestant princes in the Holy Roman Empire in the mid-16th century.
		The League was assembled by Philip of Hesse[?] and John of Saxony[?] at Schmalkalden in 1531, pledging to defend each other if their territories were attacked by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.
		Charles defeated the League at the Battle of Mühlberg[?] on April 24, 1547, capturing many of its leaders.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/sc/Schmalkaldic_League (229 words)

	WHKMLA : Biographies of Reformation Era Rulers
		Involved in a long conflict with Charles V., Francis was defeated and taken prisoner in the BATTLE OF PAVIA in 1525.
		Albertine Saxony had associated heself with the SCHMALKALDIC LEAGUE; Maurice, however, adopted a policy of supporting Emperor Charles V. against the Turks (1542) and the French (1544).
		Then the SCHMALKALDIC WAR in 1546-1547 changed the situation; Franz von Waldeck did not convert, neither did he implement Lutheranism as state confession in Münster, Osnabrück and Minden.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/period/reformation/bioxrefrulers.html (2853 words)

	TABLE OF CONTENTS
		League was held at Frankfort from December, 1545, to February, 1546, without resulting in harmony between Philip and John Frederick or in the adoption of satisfactory financial or military preparations for war.
		The League was to embrace the whole of Germany, to be directed by a number of permanent officials who although representative of the various orders would tend to fall under government influence, and to have at its disposal an efficient military force.
		The League of Heidelberg, formed in March, 1553, for the preservation of the peace and prevention of Philip's election, consisted of Catholics and Protestants and was too general to be very effective.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh208.html (14668 words)

	Schmalkaldic League - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Schmalkaldic League, defensive alliance, organized by the German Protestant princes at Schmalkalden, Thüringen, in February 1531.
		In 1529, at a meeting of the diet in Speyer, Ferdinand, Charles V’s brother, attempted to reinstate the ban on Luther and his followers that Charles...
		The Schmalkaldic League was a defensive league of Protestant princes in the Holy Roman Empire in the mid-16th century.
	encarta.msn.com /Schmalkaldic_League.html (185 words)

	sehepunkte - Rezensionsjournal für die Geschichtswissenschaften - 4 (2004), Nr. 6
		She ends it before the League's solidarity began to be eroded by the emperor's return and his successful policy of building a new clientele in the south, Landgrave Philip's gradual detachment following the scandal raised by his bigamy, and the Protestants' inability to come to agreement on the issue of a common policy of reformation.
		Part D examines the League's structures and political culture: the members' rights and obligations, their individual relations to the League; the assembly and its procedural rules and customs, its conduct of discussions and policy formation, the role of the commanders, and the formation and functions of the military council.
		The inability of the Schmalkaldic League to concentrate its powers into a new kind of German polity, which the defense of the Protestant cause seemed to call for, is explained not simply by the egoism of the member but by the form of their association.
	www.sehepunkte.de /2004/06/2453.html (1807 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Schmalkaldic
		Schmalkaldic War (1546–47) A brief and indecisive phase in the struggle between the Roman Catholic emperor CHARLES V and the Protestant party within the HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE.
		The defensive League of Schmalkalden was formed in the town of that name by Protestant states in 1531.
		One of the confessions of faith of Lutheranism, written by Martin Luther in 1536 and considered by heads of state of the Schmalkaldic League in 1537.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Schmalkaldic&StartAt=1 (734 words)

	AllRefer.com - Schmalkaldic League (German History) - Encyclopedia
		Schmalkaldic League[shmAlkAl´dik] Pronunciation Key, alliance formed in 1531 at Schmalkalden by Protestant princes and delegates of free cities.
		Led by Philip of Hesse and John Frederick I of Saxony, the league grew rapidly.
		At the battle of MUhlberg (1547), the league was defeated.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/SchmlkLg.html (213 words)

	Albert The Warlike
		The Peace of Crepy[?] in September 1544 deprived him of this employment, but he had won a considerable reputation, and when Charles was preparing to attack the Schmalkaldic League, he took pains to win Albert's assistance.
		Sharing in the attack on the Saxon electorate, Albert was taken prisoner at Rochlitz in March 1547 by John Fredeack, elector of Saxony, but was released as a result of the emperor's victory at the Battle of Muhlberg[?] in the succeeding April.
		He then followed the fortunes of his friend Maurice of Saxony[?], deserted Charles, and joined the league which proposed to overthrow the emperor by an alliance with Henry II of France.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/al/Albert_The_Warlike.html (472 words)

	Swabian League: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		The league had a court, a powerful army, and a formal constitution (renewed in 1496, 1500, 1512, and 1522).
		The league played a leading role in putting down the knights' revolt led by Franz von Sickingen, and it helped defeat the peasants in the Peasants' War.
		The dissolution (1534) of the league resulted from the opposition of interests between its feudal members and its cities and from the religious split caused by the Reformation.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/swabian_league.jsp (1163 words)

	The Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod - Christian Cyclopedia
		leaders met at Schmalkalden late in December 1530 to protest terms of the recess, request modification of the terms, and prepare for the formation of a league.
		The protest fell on deaf ears; the request was not granted; the league was organized February 1531 for defense against attacks threatened by emp.
		theologians was held in connection with the February 1537 meeting of the league (see Lutheran Confessions, B 2).
	www.lcms.org /ca/www/cyclopedia/02/display.asp?t1=s&word=SCHMALKALDICLEAGUE (209 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Smalkaldic League
		The city of Lübeck joined the league on 3 May, and Bavaria on 24 Oct., 1531.
		In self-defence against the treasonable machinations of the confederation, a Catholic League was formed in 1538 at Nuremberg under the leadership of the emperor.
		Maurice, the reinstatement of Duke Henry of Wolfenbüttel in his dominions, the restoration of Bishop Julius von Pflug to his See of Naumburg-Zeitz, and a promise demanded of the vanquished to recognize and attend the Council of Trent.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14058b.htm (677 words)

	December 31: Schmalkald League formed
		Not only had the Schmalkaldic League risen up to resist his armies, but the Turks were again threatening to conquer Europe from the East.
		Disagreements among the Schmalkald leaders, the treachery of Prince Maurice, and the Protestants´ military ineptitude gave the emperor as complete a victory as he could have hoped for.
		Short-lived and seemingly unsuccessful though the Schmalkaldic League was, it served its purpose.
	chi.gospelcom.net /DAILYF/2001/12/daily-12-31-2001.shtml (578 words)

	::1530::
		The princes had clearly stated their intention to fight if they felt that their growing independence was threatened and this was made clear with the creation of the Schmalkaldic League.
		Charles could do nothing to tackle this disobedience when he was distracted with other foreign matters primarily the Turks in the south-east corner of the empire (such as in 1539 when he had to ask the princes for money to fight the Turks).
		To re-deem his name with other princes, he was the driving force behind the League of Torgau and by 1552 the princes were ready to go on the offensive.
	historylearningsite.co.uk /1530.htm (1077 words)

	© 00.33 Chronology: Reformation in the Empire
		In response to the recess at Augsburg, Landgrave Philipp of Hesse and Elector Johann of Saxony, the leaders of the Protestant princes in the Empire, convened a meeting at the town of Schmalkalden (Thuringia) in December 1530.
		The League later saw many new adherents and, in the end, only the city of Nuremberg and the principality of Brandenburg- Ansbach amongst the Protestant territorial entities of the Empire stood aloof from it.
		The League adopted the Augsburg Confession as its religious statement and attempted to frustrate efforts to use the Imperial Cameral Court against it.
	www.leedstrinity.ac.uk /histcourse/reformat/maincore/1chron.htm (1262 words)

	Albert Alcibiades Information
		Sharing in the attack on the Saxon electorate, Albert was taken prisoner at Rochlitz in March 1547 by John Frederick, Elector of Saxony, but was released as a result of the emperor's victory at the Battle of Mühlberg in the succeeding April.
		He took part in the subsequent campaign, but when the Peace of Passau was signed in August 1552 he separated himself from his allies and began a crusade of plunder in Franconia.
		Henry II, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, then took command of the troops of the league, and after Albert had been placed under the imperial ban in December 1553 he was defeated by Duke Henry, and compelled to flee to France.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Albert_Alcibiades (514 words)

	::1530::
		The princes had clearly stated their intention to fight if they felt that their growing independence was threatened and this was made clear with the creation of the Schmalkaldic League.
		Charles could do nothing to tackle this disobedience when he was distracted with other foreign matters primarily the Turks in the south-east corner of the empire (such as in 1539 when he had to ask the princes for money to fight the Turks).
		To re-deem his name with other princes, he was the driving force behind the League of Torgau and by 1552 the princes were ready to go on the offensive.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /1530.htm (1077 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Schmalkaldic League () was a defensive alliance of Protestant princes in the Holy Roman Empire in the mid-16th century.
		The League was assembled by Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, and John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony at Schmalkalden in 1531, pledging to defend each other if their territories were attacked by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.
		In 1544 Charles V made peace with France, which agreed to end its alliance with the League.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Schmalkaldic_League (259 words)

	Amazon.com: "League of Schmalkalden": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In February 1 531 this emerged as the League of Schmalkalden, named after a town on the borders of Hesse and Saxony where the foundation and later meetings were usually held.
		The projected alliance with the League of Schmalkalden was abandoned in May 1539; instead, Cromwell found a new wife for his master in Anne, daughter of the duke...
		The League of Schmalkalden in Germany, Huguenot propaganda and the Catholic League in France these were the powerful articulation of a right to resist...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/League-of-Schmalkalden (512 words)

	The Curious Frau - Timeline of Events
		A league of Protestant Princes in the Holy Roman Empire, they confiscated Church land, expelled bishops and Catholic Princes and worked to spread Lutheranism throughout northern Germany.
		However this was not the end of the league.
		The Schmalkaldic League unsuccessfully laid siege to Frankfurt and sacked several neighboring towns.
	www.curiousfrau.com /Articles/history_timeline.htm (1044 words)

	End of the Hapsburg-Valois Wars
		The League adopted a new, stronger set of doctrinal statements as the basis of their defensive confederation, which was theologically more removed from Catholicism than the Augsburg Confession.
		When the Schmalkaldic League threatened war, Charles finally got word of what was going on in the north.
		First, the members of the Schmaldaldic League had been demoralized by the bigamy of their leader and he no longer commanded the respect and authority that he had once enjoyed.
	www.utc.edu /Faculty/Bill-Wright/hvwars.html (1113 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Schmalkaldic League
		The Schmalkaldic League (Schmalkaldischer Bund) was a defensive alliance of Protestant princes in the Holy Roman Empire in the mid-16th century.
		The League was assembled by Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, and John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony at Schmalkalden in 1531, pledging to defend each other if their territories were attacked by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.
		In 1544 Charles V made peace with France, which agreed to end its alliance with the League.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Schmalkaldic_League (297 words)

	Military alliance
		League of Cambrai - The Papal States, France, Aragon, Holy Roman Empire
		Catholic League (Italian) - The Papal States, Venice, England, Aragon, Holy Roman Empire
		League of Augsburg - Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Austria, other German states
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/m/mi/military_alliance.html (203 words)

	AllRefer.com - Swabian League (German History) - Encyclopedia
		Swabian League, association of Swabian cities and other powers in SW Germany for the protection of trade and for regional peace.
		The Swabian League of 1488–1534 is the best known of the long series dating from the 14th cent.
		It backed the election (1519) of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, and it used its military power to expel Duke Ulrich I from WUrttemberg.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/SwabianL.html (291 words)

	Diet of Augsburg at AllExperts
		There were many such sessions, but the three meetings during the Reformation and the ensuing religious wars between the Catholic emperor Charles V and the Protestant Schmalkaldic League in the early 16th century are especially noteworthy.
		It brought forth the Confessio Augustana, a central document of Lutheranism that was presented to emperor Charles V. After his victory over the Schmalkaldic League, Charles V convened the session of 1547/48 (geharnischter Reichstag), where the Augsburg Interim was proclaimed.
		This attempt to give Catholicism the priority was rejected by many princes, though, and a resolution of the confessional tensions was only achieved at the session on 1555, where the Peace of Augsburg was concluded.
	en.allexperts.com /e/d/di/diet_of_augsburg.htm (259 words)

	schmalkaldic league (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Saxony, the leader of the League, Charles invaded southern...
		and in the Baltic region for the duration of the Schmalkaldic League's political influence (c.153047).
		largely to Philipp of Hesse's bigamy) pacified the Schmalkaldic League, suppressed the Reformation in the duchy of Julich-Clev...
	www.halleuropeanhistory.com /top/sites/10/1/schmalkaldic_league.html (552 words)

	Luther: A Life
		It set up a League with the Landgrave of Hesse, the Dukes of Brunswick and Luneberg, the prince of Anhalt, the Counts of Mansfeld, and the representatives of eleven ‘cities of Upper Germany, Saxony and the Sea’, Strassburg, Ulm, Constance, Reutlingen, Memmingen, Lindau, Bibrach, Isny, Lubeck, Magdeburg and Bremen.
		This Schmalkaldic league was an alliance for their mutual defence if attacked on account of the Word of God and the doctrine of the Gospel.
		The League was willing to negotiate with the Emperor, who had one demand — he wished to retain the Imperial office for the Habsburg family.
	www.religion-online.org /showchapter.asp?title=801&C=1070 (9151 words)

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