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Topic: Schmidt camera

	Schmidt - The man and his Camera - By Mark Christensen, Ph.D.
		Bernhard Schmidt was born at the Estonian island of Nargen in 1879 of a Swedish mother and a German father.
		Schmidt's solution to this problem was to introduce a thin lens, or plate, at the center of curvature of the mirror, that is, where the stop is shown in Figure 3.
		Herr Schmidt built his first mirror-corrector telescopic camera in 1930, using a 17.3 inch mirror and a 14.2 inch corrector to achieve a focal ratio of f/1.7, producing a telescope of unheard of 'speed'.
	www.fvastro.org /articles/schmidtp1.htm (1259 words)

	Bernard Schmidt - His Camera and Its Derivatives - By Mark Christensen, Ph.D.
		The key concept behind the Schmidt Camera is the use of a spherical mirror (the easiest shape to make), arranged symmetrically so as to avoid off axis aberrations, together with an aspheric (that is, non-spherical) corrector plate, whose function is to eliminate the residual spherical aberration of the mirror.
		Schmidt's solution was to introduce a plate (called variously a Schmidt corrector or a Schmidt plate) in front of the mirror.
		One of these cameras, with an aperture of 33 inches and a focal ratio of f/3.6, was built for Boyden Observatory in South Africa.
	www.fvastro.org /articles/schmidtp2.htm (1652 words)

	01 Schmidt, Bernhard
		K.K. Schmidt was a writer on the island of Naissaar, which is off the coast of Tallinn, Estonia, in the Baltic Sea.
		His design of a wide field camera for stars and celestial objects is today known as a "Schmidt Camera." The original Schmidt Camera is now in the museum of the Hamburg Observatory in Germany.
		Bernhard Schmidt died of pneumonia on the 1.
	www.plicht.de /chris/bio01.htm (767 words)

	The Celestron/Epoch Schmidt Camera
		The design of the Schmidt camera is unusual in that it has no moving parts: no shutter, no focusing mechanism, and no film transport, none of the usual items you expect in a camera.
		A regular camera lens with a 50-degree field of view will vignette 30 percent at the edge of the field because the round lens aperture is projected as an ellipse on the edges of the film.
		A Schmidt camera on the other hand will be free of vignetting if the mirror size is equal to the diameter of the corrector plate plus twice the width of the film holder.
	www.robertreeves.com /repair.htm (1811 words)

	Exhibits: Astronomy in California 1850-1950
		The most successful short-focus photographic telescope is the Schmidt Camera, first described in 1932 in a paper by Bernhard Schmidt of the Hamburg Observatory in Germany.
		Schmidt's life is as interesting as the novel optical system he introduced.
		The camera he introduced, generally referred to as the basic "Schmidt Camera," consists of a concave spherical mirror in front of which is a thin and optically weak corrector plate.
	www.chabotspace.org /vsc/exhibits/califastronomy/schmidtcamera.asp (562 words)

	National Park Service: Astronomy and Astrophysics (Palomar 48-inch Oschin (Schmidt) Telescope)
		The 48-inch Schmidt telescope (Oschin telescope) at the Palomar Observatory is a standard Schmidt camera telescope using both lenses and mirrors to create a wide field of view for photographing large sections of the sky at one time.
		[4] Schmidt's solution was to design a telescope that used a spherical mirror with a "corrector plate," a lens that could be placed at the center of curvature of the sphere and through which the light would pass.
		Schmidt designed the plate to refract the light passing through it in such a way as to make up for the spherical aberration introduced by the mirror, without introducing visual errors such as chromatic aberrations commonly found in large reflectors.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/butowsky5/astro4f.htm (1472 words)

	Schmidt camera
		Schmidt cameras address a weakness of reflecting telescopes that are based on parabolic mirrors, namely, which is that the accurate focusing only occurs for light falling on the center of the paraboloid.
		The Schmidt camera, by contrast, has an extremely fast focal ratios that provide very high-quality images, free from coma and astigmatism.
		A Baker-Schmidt telescope is a modified type of Schmidt camera designed, by James Baker (1914-) of Harvard in 1940, to produce an image free of astigmatism and coma.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/S/Schmidt_camera.html (330 words)

	Newsletter of the Eastbay Astronomical Society, January 2001
		The Schmidt camera is a clever coupling of a spherical mirror and correction lens that permits wide-field images with exceptional acuity.
		Schmidt finally obtained permanent employment at the Hamburg Observatory in 1926 where he went with Walter Baade, the great German, and later, American astronomer on a four-month eclipse expedition to the Philippines in 1929.
		The ‘secret’ of the Schmidt camera was revealed after his death by his Director in Hamburg, Richard Schorr, in Germany, and by Walter Baade in the U.S. in 1931 after his immigration.
	www.eastbayastro.org /2001/0101/r0101.htm (472 words)

	OASI - Construction of a Schmidt Camera
		Invented in 1930 by Bernhard Schmidt, the Schmidt camera has become one of the most useful tools of modern astronomy: it is ideally suited to photographing large, faint objects, for example nebulae and galaxies in addition to comets.
		Schmidt knew of these limitations of existing telescopes and wanted to design a new type of instrument which would have a very large field of view and yet be free of the major aberrations, and have a large diameter compared to focal length, that is, a high photographic speed.
		Schmidt realised that the new design would have to have a mirror to eliminate chromatic aberration and that the mirror would have to be spherical to eliminate coma.
	www.ast.cam.ac.uk /~ipswich/Telescope_making/Schmidt.htm (2235 words)

	Schmidt camera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Combinations of a spherical primary mirror and full-aperture corrector are particularly attractive, both, due to the ease of fabrication and the possibility of cancelling off-axis aberrations of a spherical mirror.
		This same wavefront modification is accomplished with the Schmidt corrector with the neutral zone at 0.707 of the radius.
		While originally intended to correct spherical aberration of the sphere with the stop at the center of curvature, Schmidt corrector is also used in other camera types, as well as in arrangements with one- and two-mirror telescope configurations.
	www.telescope-optics.net /catadioptric.htm (2314 words)

	The Schmidt Camera
		The Celestron-type Schmidt cameras use single exposure film holders which are installed into the camera through a door in the side of the camera body.
		The Schmidt camera is one of the most advanced optical systems used in astrophotography, but it is like a throwback to the Daugerrotype days as it is a camera without a shutter.
		The film holder used to preform the emulsion to the curved focal plane of a Schmidt camera is notorious for scratching film when it is loaded or when the film is advanced using a roll film holder.
	www.robertreeves.com /camera.htm (1673 words)

	schmidt_lens
		This is the basis of the 15-cm aperture f/3.3 lensless Schmidt camera of 50 cm focal length, first described at the BAA Astrophotographic Section Meeting on 1989 April 22 (Figure 2).
		The Schmidt camera will be twice the length of a Newtonian of similar focal length with the aperture stop at the mirror radius.
		Perhaps the main reason Schmidt cameras have not found universal appeal amongst amateurs is the need to handle individual pieces of photographic film through loading, exposure and processing.
	home.freeuk.com /m.gavin/schmidt_lens.htm (1092 words)

	This Film Is Not Yet Rated - Info
		When Dick and Schmidt contacted them, all except for two were afraid to speak to them.
		Schmidt also produced the explosive musical documentary Showgirls: Glitz and Angst for HBO’s “America Undercover,” and the powerfully intimate hospice chronicle The End, which premiered at the 2004 South by Southwest (SXSW) Film Festival, for HBO/Cinemax’s Reel Life.
		Schmidt has been a contributor to National Public Radio’s popular series This American Life and he co-authored the book, The Finger: A Comprehensive Guide To Flipping Off.
	www.chaincamera.com /thisfilmisnotyetrated/info.html (1793 words)

	Latest info on the 310 mm F/1.9 Schmidt camera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Bernhard Schmidt is quoted as having stated back in the 1930's that a functional camera (he never called it a Schmidt camera himself) could be built without obligatory requirement for the corrector plate if a sufficiently high focal ratio is used (by means of an aperture stop).
		From a number of ROCs away from the corrector, a camera is placed to take a picture of the ronchi pattern for evaluation of how the path of the photons had been affected by the corrector plate.
		The Schmidt camera also need not be driven by a computer, as I am building another stand alone stepper motor driver that is tuned from a timer IC and drives the motors via a Johnson counter and a Darlington array.
	www.megspace.com /science/stp/catadioptric/310schmidt/310schmidt.html (6320 words)

	Equipment
		The camera has an optical zoom lens equivalent to a range of 35-105mm on a 35mm camera film camera.
		When the camera is zoomed in fully, the image nearly fills the camera's frame with only a slight vignetting in the corners.
		One very important consideration in making this arrangement work is the eyepiece to camera lens distance, which must be within a few millimeters and must be adjusted very precisely to find the optimum distance for each eyepiece and correct problems with vignetting and flout.
	www.nwgis.com /greg/equip.htm (2457 words)

	Schmidt camera (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The simplest arrangement using full-aperture corrector is a camera, with the only other optical element being a single concave mirror.
		When the Schmidt surface tilts around its center point, the resulting error is smaller.
		, for the given values of K and σ, Wright camera astigmatism is 1/2 of mirror astigmatism with the stop at the surface.
	www.telescope-optics.net.cob-web.org:8888 /catadioptric.htm (2314 words)

	Josephine County Historical Society Schmidt House Page
		In the mid 1880's, European immigrants, Claus and Hannchen Schmidt came to Grants Pass and homesteaded on the Rogue River where their five children were born.
		Schmidt opened a grocery store in a rented, wooden building on 6th Street.
		Few changes have been made to the Schmidt House, which was home to family members Anna and Flora Schmidt until they donated the house to the Josephine County Historical Society.
	www.webtrail.com /jchs/schmidt.html (285 words)

	Schmidt Cassegrain telescope advice - astrophotography - fastar and hyperstar
		Schmidt Camera and you need to locate and track objects with a well-aligned finder scope and view them on the computer to which the CCD camera is downloading its images.
		Second, you need to be very careful that the CCD camera is not struck or otherwise hit, since it’s mounted to the relatively fragile glass plate that comprises the secondary lens of an SCT.
		With the Fastar and a CCD camera, you will also need a computer to capture the digital images from the camera; the ST-237 and the Starlight Express cameras come with software that is loaded onto a computer to capture the camera’s images.
	www.sctscopes.net /Photo_Basics/Fastar___ST-237/fastar___st-237.html (992 words)

	Untitled Document
		The film holder of the schmidt was rotated 90 degrees (always N-S on one edge!) to reveal yet another aspect of this specatular comet.
		As is with all schmidt shots I present, the edges match the cardinal directions.
		The camera was stationary, and the comet and stars were allowed to trail for 5 minutes perpendicular to the prisms dispersion.
	www.schursastrophotography.com /comets.html (3822 words)

	What is a Schmidt Camera? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A Schmidt camera is a particular kind of telescope.
		The most important thing that makes Schmidt cameras different from other telescopes is that it has a much larger field of view.
		Now, since the film most regular cameras work with is very flexible, you may not be impressed with the fact that you have to bend your film for use in a Schmidt.
	astro.uchicago.edu /vtour/10inch/schmidt.html (499 words)

	Economic Council: No conflict on 2A issue : County-News : Boulder Daily Camera
		The Economic Council's contract with the city pays for services such as data tracking and business development, and the money is separate from the member dues used for the contribution to a group called "No on 2A," Draper said.
		The Daily Camera has paid about $4,000 in dues, plus in-kind contributions for promotions, to the Economic Council over the past two years, publisher Albert Manzi said.
		Manzi, who came to the Camera in July, said that the vote on the contribution came during a transition between publishers and that, to his knowledge, the newspaper did not take a position.
	dailycamera.com /bdc/county_news/article/0,1713,BDC_2423_5063337,00.html (620 words)

	Richard Lawler's Astronomical Images
		A CCD imaging camera like the ST-237 is attached to the Fastar lens assembly.
		The result is a F/1.9 Schmidt camera with a field of view of 32 arc-min x 42 arc-min.
		This means that the camera is attached such that it is photographing the image through a telescope eyepiece in the same way that your eye looks through the eyepiece.
	www.well.com /~richardl/astro/Equipment.html (713 words)

	C&MS: C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR)
		CCD cameras were revealing a faint tail about 25 arcsec long around mid-June and this had increased to about 2 arcmin by late August and early September.
		It is a combination of 10 60-second exposures obtained with a 0.3-m f/2.8 Baker camera, a CCD camera, and a Cousin R filter.
		It is an 5-minute exposure obtained using a schmidt camera 250/450 and fuji 160 npc prof.
	cometography.com /lcomets/2000wm1.html (1480 words)

	CHAIN CAMERA \| ABOUT
		With Schmidt producing, Dick went on to direct the critically acclaimed CHAIN CAMERA, a frank, intimate and often hilarious look at high school life shot by the students themselves.
		Directed by Dick and produced by Schmidt, SHOWGIRLS is an energetic and revealing portrait of the producers and performers behind a Las Vegas revue.
		TWIST OF FAITH is the powerful story of a man who confronts the trauma of past sexual abuse as a boy by a Catholic priest, only to find his decision shatters his relationships with his family, community, and his faith.
	www.chaincamera.com /aboutus.html (886 words)

	Astrophotography with small telescopes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A Schmidt Camera is a specialised telescope for taking wide-field images.
		Many discoveries have been made using Schmidt Cameras such as the BIG Schmidt on Mt. Palomar for the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey in 1950 or the Schmidt Cameras at ESO or the Anglo Australian Observatory at Siding Springs.
		Left side: my Schmidt Camera with guidescope mounted on a Vixen GP mount, during an oberving session of comet Hale-Bopp.
	www.cometchaser.de /schmidt.html (95 words)

	UV Camera
		Once each operation was accomplished, the astronaut was to leave the vicinity of the camera as soon as possible due to the venting of waste gasses from the PLSS which could increase the local ambient pressure, thus causing the camera to stop operating, and/or contaminate the optics.
		There was a strong magnet in the camera which was shown not to affect the watches worn by the crew.
		In several realignments, it was impossible to move the leveling bubble to the center of the ring because of the geometry of the 3 camera legs on the slopes and the time available for releveling.
	ares.jsc.nasa.gov /HumanExplore/Exploration/EXLibrary/docs/ApolloCat/Part1/UVC.htm (1482 words)

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