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	Alfred Schnittke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Alfred Schnittke was born on 24 November 1934 in Engels, on the Volga River, in the Soviet Union.
		Schnittke composed 9 symphonies, 6 concerti grossi, 4 violin concertos, 2 cello concertos, concertos for piano and a triple concerto for violin, viola and cello, as well as 4 string quartets and much other chamber music, ballet scores, choral and vocal works.
		Schnittke has been the recipient of numerous awards and honors, including Austrian State Prize in 1991, Japan's Imperial Prize in 1992, and, most recently the Slava-Gloria-Prize in Moscow in June 1998; his music has been celebrated with retrospectives and major festivals worldwide.
	www.schirmer.com /composers/schnittke_bio.html (572 words)

	S022579 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Schnittke sent a letter to the Lenin Prize committee explaining that he could not accept a prize named after Lenin: "Perhaps it is easier to tell the truth now than to hide it as we had to twenty or thirty years ago, when everyone fell ill or died for telling it".
		The main instrument Schnittke used in his compositions of the 1960s was the violin, an instrument that was carefully avoided by many avant-garde composers, who regarded it as less "modern" and too "subjective".
		Schnittke argued that polystylistic elements had existed throughout the history of music, but "subconsciously", in variations or parodies where borrowed material was clearly recognizable.
	www.sonoraproductions.com /s022579.html (1794 words)

	Alfred Schnittke - Bibliography
		“Komponieren in Schichten: Begegnung mit Alfred Schnittke.” Neue Zeitschrift für Musik 148, 7 (1987): 29-32.
		Schnittke, Alfred, Hieronymus Bosch, Nikolaus Reusner, and Aeschylus.
		Schnittke, Alfred, Igor Stravinsky, Sergey Prokofiev, and Dmitrii Dmitrievich Shostakovich.
	www.expergo.org /schnittke/biblio.html (3962 words)

	SCHNITTKE Concerto Grosso No 1 CDMAN175 [MC]: Classical CD Reviews- May 2006 MusicWeb-International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Alfred Schnittke was born in 1934 in the town of Engels, on the Volga River, in the then Soviet Union.
		Schnittke’s father was born in Frankfurt to a Jewish family of Russian origin who had moved to the USSR in 1926.
		Schnittke composed nine symphonies, six concerti grossi, four violin concertos, two cello concertos, concertos for piano and a triple concerto for violin, viola and cello, four string quartets and much other chamber music, ballet scores, choral and vocal works.
	www.musicweb.uk.net /classrev/2006/May06/Schnittke_CDMAN175.htm (1104 words)

	Alfred Schnittke - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alfred Garyevich Schnittke (Russian: Альфре́д Га́рриевич Шни́тке, November 24, 1934 Engels - August 3, 1998 Hamburg) was a Russian composer.
		Alfred Schnittke was born in Engels in the Volga-German Republic of the RSFSR, Soviet Union.
		Schnittke was often the target of the Soviet bureaucracy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alfred_Schnittke (655 words)

	Alex Ross: The Rest Is Noise: Schnittke's Faust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Schnittke has placed himself in the main line of German tradition; he has passed the ultimate hurdle of Germanic art by writing his own "Faust." At the same time his work is marked by devastating pessimism, a certainty that classical traditions have come to an end.
		Schnittke has been preparing this "Faust" for many years, and the final act makes use of the score written in 1983, before his change of course and decline in health.
		Schnittke casts the climax in the form of a diabolically melodious tango, with a contralto croaking in Brechtian style into a microphone and an electric guitar thundering underneath.
	www.therestisnoise.com /2006/07/schnittkes_faus.html (943 words)

	Music under Soviet rule: CDs: Schnittke Symphony 8
		Schnittke isn't suggesting that his 'backward glances' recall Good Music and that all the rest is bullshit.
		Schnittke's health has been poor for many years and after finishing this symphony, he suffered a stroke (his third) and fell into a coma for three months.
		It would be fair to add that Schnittke is at least genuinely in touch with the depth of thought and feeling of his late 19th century models.
	www.siue.edu /~aho/musov/discrev/schnittke.html (805 words)

	Bio of Alfred Schnittke
		Schnittke often views the old forms with fond humor, s/he might think that the composer's implication is that the form and style of the Baroque Concerto Grosso is dead - and therefore an obsolte - one.
		Schnittke's music is known for it powerful impact, attracting some, alienating others, but rarely leaving the listener neutral.
		Schnittke's piece is not, however, imitation Mahler, but an embodiment of the great Austrian's aesthetic, using his thematic material.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~cyoungk/schnittkebio.htm (2799 words)

	The NDSU Libraries: Germans From Russia
		Alfred Schnittke, 63, who is widely regarded as the last great Russian composer of the 20th Century and whose work ranged from orchestral symphonies to film scores, died August 3, 1998 at a hospital in Hamburg, Germany after a long illness.
		Schnittke, who was considered a genius and whose music was often compared to that of Dmitri Shostakovich, became one of the most widely performed and recorded composers in Europe.
		Alfred Schnittke was born November 24, 1934 in the city of Engels on the Volga River in an area that had been settled by Germans in the 18th Century.
	www.lib.ndsu.nodak.edu /grhc/outreach/friends/schnittke4.html (921 words)

	Brief Encounters
		It was as harpsichordist with this orchestra that Schnittke was able to travel for the first time to the West in 1977, and we were all very excited to hear rumours that Schnittke might in fact attend our concert.
		Patterson had heard of my acquaintanceship with Schnittke, and asked if there was some way of persuading the composer to come to the festival, which was to take place in March 1994.
		At Schnittke’s request, I was to perform works for violin and piano by Karamanov (the first time his music had been performed in the West), and the Sonata for Violin and Piano by Vassily Lobanov, with the composer at the piano.
	www.schnittke.de /hopeen.htm (1864 words)

	La Folia -- Notes on Schnittke
		Russian composer Alfred Schnittke died in Hamburg August 3, 1998, silenced by the last in a series of debilitating strokes that began 13 years earlier.
		Schnittke’s early wrangles with Soviet authorities and his sour pranks (the two mid-’60s Violin Sonatas, or his infamous cadenzas for Beethoven’s Violin Concerto) made him the natural heir to Shostakovich, and gave new listeners a point of entry.
		Schnittke’s announced “polystylism” (the shotgun marriage of incongruous musics) seems less an invention than a fact of life.
	www.lafolia.com /archive/walt/walt200002schnittke.html (1395 words)

	Schnittke
		Schnittke, later noted that this usage of the 12-tone technique in a ‘negative’ way was the main defect of the work.
		Schnittke’s ‘Quasi una Sonata’, on the contrary, torn apart by its contradictions in such a way that it is unable to become a sonata.
		Schnittke explains: “At the end of the Second Violin Sonata, when the violin plays its sharp zigzags, it is possible to hear the echoes in depths of the piano, on the background of a dying piano cluster.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /dmitrismirnov/Schnittke.html (5861 words)

	Alfred SCHNITTKE Barbican Hall, 11- 14 January 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The death of Schnittke's mother in 1972 added an emotional facet to the intellectual conviction that a musically more contained and inclusive idiom needed to be evolved.
		Those curious to know what makes Schnittke's handling of large-scale form and the orchestra so distinctive need look no further: everything that came to define his music is here, from the resourceful integration of percussion and electric guitars into the texture, to the emotional reach that can extend beyond the intrinsically musical.
		Symphony No. 5 is generally considered Schnittke's symphonic masterpiece, and made a visceral impact in the hands of Vassily Sinaisky and the BBC Philharmonic, though the inhibited effect of the sonata-allegro third movement suggests a further parallel between Schnittke and his inferred mentor Shostakovich.
	www.musicweb.uk.net /SandH/2001/Jan01/schnittke.htm (1276 words)

	Amazon.de: Alfred Schnittke (20th Century Composers): English Books: Alexander Ivashkin,A. Ivashkin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This biography of the Russian composer Alfred Schnittke (born in 1934) presents a portrait of a man whose musical input has been inextricably linked to the strictures of life in the Soviet Union.
		Schnittke has also established himself as one of the country's foremost film music composers, working for the Mosfilm studios in the 1970s and 1980s.
		The author gives detailed and admiring discussion of Schnittke's music and his theories, arguing that the various stylistic elements in his works - his "polystylism" - may be perceived as part of a new, more universal language.
	www.amazon.de /Alfred-Schnittke-20th-Century-Composers/dp/0714831697 (1145 words)

	Classical Net Review - Schnittke - Symphony #7 & Cello Concerto #1
		The concerto is wildly theatrical, the themes (and their treatment) more agonized than had been the norm for Schnittke prior to this time.
		Here, Schnittke's macabre humor comes to the fore, first with machine-like material in the woodwinds, and later with a gloomy waltz tune.
		Schnittke's affinity with Bruckner also is apparent in this movement, which maintains dignity in spite of the extremes.
	www.classical.net /music/recs/reviews/c/cha09852a.html (563 words)

	Music under Soviet rule: Schnittke book
		For example, Ivashkin shows that Schnittke's enormous output of film music during the 1960s and 1970s (around sixty scores), far from peripheral to his style, as in the case of Shostakovich, was the most important factor in its genesis, accounting for its non-developmental discontinuities, its ironic-subversive juxtapositions, and its "polystylistic" multiplicity of idioms.
		Schnittke did not attend Prokofiev's funeral - it was almost impossible to go, given that crowds of people were flocking to Stalin's funeral (indeed, many were killed in the crush).
		Schnittke, the most important composer to arise in Russia after Shostakovich, is often called the 'man in between'.
	www.siue.edu /~aho/musov/review/schnitrev.html (2270 words)

	John Sichel's Program Notes
		The most recent work on the program is the piano quintet by Alfred Schnittke, a Russian composer, pupil of Shostakovich, who was born in 1934 and died young a few years ago.
		Schnittke was a student during a period of relative cultural thaw in Soviet history, and his music reflects the fact that he was not only raised in the officially approved socialist realism, but also was exposed to the techniques of the Western Avant Garde (such as Stockhausen, Ligeti, Lutoslawski, etc.).
		Through its linked five movements it seems to draw ever deeper into a tortured sense of grief and disorientation, the latter perhaps a musical evolcation of the circumstances of his mother’s death: she was felled by a stroke on the streets of Moscow.
	www.westfieldnj.com /arbormusic/schnittke.html (776 words)

	Shostakovich Chamber Symphony; Schnittke Piano Concerto (DE 3259)
		Dmitri Shostakovich (1906-1975) and Alfred Schnittke (1934-1998), the two most important Russian composers of the Soviet era, have a much-deserved reputation as sensitive and insightful chroniclers of the human soul's agonies and victories through times of tragedy and turmoil.
		Schnittke's formation as a composer came in the late '50s; he was one of the children of the "Khrushchev Thaw," and lived to see the breakup of the Soviet Union and the end of the Communist era.
		The most amazing thing about this concerto, and indeed many of Schnittke's works, is that it is so complex musically, containing so many layers of meaning and association, that the more one listens to it, the more doors of appreciation it opens, both emotionally and intellectually.
	www.delosmus.com /item/de32/de3259.html (382 words)

	Alfred Schnittke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Alfred Schnittke, who died August 3 in Hamburg at the age of 64 after years of poor health, was the most celebrated Russian composer of our time.
		The difficulty with Schnittke is not that some of his pieces are long, serious, and spiritually probing whereas others are full of parodies and jokes -- it's that many are both.
		Rounding out the disc is one of Schnittke's greatest chamber works, the ghostly Piano Quintet, which he composed in memory of his mother.
	www.bostonphoenix.com /archive/music/98/08/20/REX/ALFRED_SCHNITTKE.html (534 words)

	Alfred Schnittke
		His father was born in Frankfurt to a Jewish family of Russian origin who had moved to the USSR in 1926, and his mother was a Volga German born in Russia.
		Alfred Schnittke was born in Engels in the Soviet Union.
		In a number of pieces, Schnittke quotes or parodies other composers, and this combined with his 'polystylism' (using a mixture of musical styles past and present in close proximity) has resulted in his work being seen as one musical manifestation of postmodernism.
	www.compositiontoday.com /composers/2.asp (338 words)

	Amazon.com: Schnittke: Chamber Music: Music: Alexander Ivashkin,Alfred Schnittke,Irina Schnittke,Theodore Kuchar,Mark ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Schnittke: Cello Concerto No.2/In Memoriam ~ Mstislav Rostropovich
		Schnittke wrote his great "Piano Quintet" (1976) in memory of his mother, though many believe it to be mourning for Shostakovich as well.
		Schnittke has always had a talent for stunning endings--witness the Cello Concerto or the Concerto Grosso No. 2--and in the efervescent notes of the final "Moderato pastorale" the mourning of the previous four sections is slowly but firmly replaced by acceptance and peace.
	www.amazon.com /Schnittke-Chamber-Music-Alexander-Ivashkin/dp/B00004YYQV (1912 words)

	Classical Net Review - Schnittke - Symphony #2
		Schnittke completed this symphony in 1980, but it is the last of his first five symphonies to reach CD (he recently completed his Eighth, however).
		Schnittke was moved by the setting sun, the mysterious feel of the Baroque Church of St. Florian, and the choir singing an evening mass somewhere out of his sight.
		Their dedication to contemporary composers like Schnittke, Gubaidulina, Denisov, Sumera, Sallinen, and others is a heartening thing in a world where most other record companies would rather play it safe.
	www.classical.net /music/recs/reviews/b/bis00667a.html (452 words)

	Daniel Hope, Violin
		Alfred Schnittke is obviously an important figure for Daniel Hope.
		He writes here that "there is no more striking a talent in contemporary music than that of Alfred Schnittke." Hope certainly plays as if he believes that and he achieves a fluency with Schnittke's idiom that at times surpasses that of Gideon Kramer.
		Schnittke's trademark polystylism is nowhere in evidence here, instead we have a serious and often meditative piece.
	www.classical-music-review.org /reviews/DanielHope.html (494 words)

	Harfe - Harpe - Harp - Harpa - Arpa / Alfred Schnittke: Works for harp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Er wurde 1934 an der Wolga geboren und kam 1977 in den Westen.
		The melodic material is taken from a violin part which is the only extant remnant of Mozart’s music for the pantomime KV 416d.
		Schnittke isolates motives and phrases and recombines them in simple but imaginative ways.
	www.harpa.com /schnittke.htm (802 words)

	Peter Hoar: Obituary: Alfred Schnittke
		As the violinist Gidon Kremer commented ‘Schnittke isn’t suggesting that his ‘backward glances’ recall Good Music and that all the rest is bullshit.
		Schnittke himself moved into darker and more complex realms throughout the 1980s as his declining health and the death of his mother focussed his mind on mortality.
		Schnittke’s music is by turns dark, funny, ironic, terrifying, trite, moving, simple, complex – and sometimes all of these at once.
	www.thepander.co.nz /culture/phoar5.php?printer_friendly=true (732 words)

	BBC - Classical Review - Schnittke, Choir Concerto
		The death of Alfred Schnittke in 1998 robbed the world of one of its most distinctive symphonists.
		The fecundity of Schnittke's invention is embodied in the Minnesang, based on medieval German poetry and scored for 52 voices.
		This is a disc that reaffirms Schnittke as one of the most significant composers of the last century and the Holst Singers as a leading chorus on the international stage.
	www.bbc.co.uk /music/release/n254 (388 words)

	alfred schnittke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		His Concerto Grosso No. 1 (1977) was one of the first works to bring his name to prominence.
		Schnittke first came to America in 1988 for the "Making Music Together" Festival in Boston and the American premiere of Symphony No. 1 by the Boston Symphony Orchestra.
		Schnittke composed 9 symphonies, 6 concerti grossi, 4 violin concertos, 2 cello concertos, a viola concerto, concertos for piano and a triple concerto for violin, viola and cello, as well as 4 string quartets and much other chamber music, ballet scores, choral and vocal works.
	www.alfredschnittke.com (414 words)

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