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	Scholasticism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Scholasticism comes from the Latin word scholasticus, which means "that [which] belongs to the school", and is the school of philosophy taught by the academics (or schoolmen) of medieval universities circa 1100–1500.
		Scholasticism attempted to reconcile the philosophy of the ancient classical philosophers with medieval Christian theology.
		Scholasticism was concurrent with movements in Jewish philosophy (especially Maimonides) and Islamic philosophy (for example, the work of Averroes).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scholasticism (1064 words)

	SCHOLASTICISM - LoveToKnow Article on SCHOLASTICISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Scholasticism in the widest sense thus extends from the 9th to the end of the i4th or the beginning of the 15th century from Erigena to Occam and his followers.
		Scholasticism opens with a discussion of certain points in the Aristotelian logic; it speedily begins to apply its logical distinctions to the doctrines of the church; and when it attains its full stature in S~ Thomas it has, with the exception of certain mysteries, rationalized or Aristotelianized the whole churchly system.
		Such language was excusable in the men of the Renaissance, fighting the battle of classic form and beauty and of the manysidedness of life against the barbarous terminology and the monastic ideals of the schools, or in the protagonists of modern science.
	68.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SC/SCHOLASTICISM.htm (14054 words)

	Scholasticism - MSN Encarta
		Scholasticism, philosophical and theological movement that attempted to use natural human reason, in particular, the philosophy and science of Aristotle, to understand the supernatural content of Christian revelation.
		One of the principal methods of scholasticism was the use of the logic and philosophical vocabulary of Aristotle in teaching, demonstration, and discussion.
		A brilliant but brief revival of scholasticism, especially in the field of theology, took place in Spain in the 16th century, chiefly among the Dominicans, as exemplified by the Spanish theologian Francisco de Vitoria, and the Jesuits, as exemplified by the Spanish theologian and philosopher Francisco Suárez.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761573538/Scholasticism.html (1681 words)

	Catholic Culture : Document Library : The Richness of Scholasticism
		The scholasticism of the Middle Ages does not have a monopoly on the truth, which is transmitted by "the great tradition which, beginning with the ancients, passes through the Fathers of the Church and the masters of Scholasticism and includes the fundamental achievements of modern and contemporary thought" (n.
		Scholasticism is to be praised because it recognizes for man all the breadth of his humanity, which is to be open to God.
		The third scholasticism, or "neo-scholasticism", arose from the revival of philology in the universities of the last century and from the impulse given to Thomistic studies by the Encyclical Aeterni Patris in 1879.
	www.catholicculture.org /docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=945 (3183 words)

	Neo-Scholasticism
		Neo-Scholasticism is the development of the Scholasticism of the Middle Ages during the latter half of the nineteenth century.
		Neo-Scholasticism seeks to restore the fundamental organic doctrines embodied in the Scholasticism of the thirteenth century.
		Its criteriology is altogether new: the older Scholasticism handled the problem of certitude from the deductive point of view; God could not have misshaped the faculties with which He endowed the mind in order that it might attain to knowledge.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/n/neo-scholasticism.html (2930 words)

	Scholasticism - Cunnan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Scholasticism was the primary intellectual movement in European philosophy and theology from about 1100 AD to about 1500 AD.
		Scholasticism fell into decline in the 15th century, as clarity of argument became to be seen as less of a virtue than citing every authority, no matter how irrelevant, and exploring every little by-way of an argument at tedious length.
		Scholasticism got revived in the nineteenth century by the Catholic Church, who realised in Aquinas they had a powerhouse intellectual who showed that reason could be used in service of faith.
	cunnan.sca.org.au /wiki/Scholasticism (1580 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Scholasticism
		Scholasticism sprang from the study of dialectic in the schools.
		The distinguishing mark of Scholasticism in the age of its highest development is its use of the dialectical method.
		The Rationalism of Scholasticism consists in the conviction that reason is to be used in the elucidation of spiritual truth and in defence of the dogmas of Faith.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13548a.htm (4813 words)

	Scholasticism, Schoolmen
		Scholasticism is a form of Christian philosophy and theology developed by scholars who came to be called schoolmen.
		The philosophical aspects of scholasticism were not dicated strictly by a set of theological dogmas but rather worked with both faith and reason in an attempt to understand reality from the viewpoint of a human being.
		With the multiplication of universities between the 14th and 16th centuries came a decline in the standard of teaching and the caliber of teachers, and a "logicism" or formalism of thought that aroused the animosity of a new humanism that arose mainly outside university circles.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txc/scholast.htm (1902 words)

	Scholasticism on the Web
		Scholasticism traces its origins to the Carolingian reforms in the 9th century when a standardized school curriculum consisting of the trivium - grammar, dialectic, and rhetoric, and the quadrivium - geometry, arithmetic, music, and astronomy was established.
		One account of the origin of the term 'scholasticism' has it that the dialectic portion of the curriculum was taught from manuals written by the master of each school, or schoolmen.
		For the beginning student of medieval scholasticism, the web can be useful as a tool for raising awareness of the scope of literature, the range of resources, and the kinds of issues that have been and continue to be of concern to scholars.
	www.wam.umd.edu /~dckolb/751/main.html (3974 words)

	scholasticism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The beginning of scholasticism can be identified in the methods used by civil and canon lawyers of the 11th and 12th cent.
		It was in the universities that the two traditional forms of scholastic literature were developed: the question (a thesis that is posed and defended against objections) and the commentary.
		Contemporary interest in scholasticism, particularly among the neoscholastics, began as a concerted effort toward the end of the 19th cent.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sc/scholast.html (1260 words)

	Tibetan Monasticism
		The role of debate in the curriculum, particularly in relation to the study of logic, epistemology, and Madhyamaka, is then considered; and the use of debate by Tibetan scholastics emphasizes different approaches in the tradition and the function of debate as a mode of inquiry.
		Third, scholasticism in Tibet involves debate, which provides room for inquiry in a tradition in which truth is not discovered but rather is transmitted.
		In Tibetan scholasticism, when such limits are transgressed, authorities (secular or monastic) step in to restore what they perceive to be the integrity of the tradition, thus illustrating the reality and limits of this tradition's freedom of inquiry.
	www.wordtrade.com /religion/buddhism/tibmonasticismR.htm (1580 words)

	Scholasticism
		Scholasticism comes from the latin word scholasticus which means "that [which] belongs to the school", and is the school of philosophy taught by the academics (or "schoolmen") of medieval universities circa 1100 - 1500.
		In each discipline[?], the scholastics used a book by a renowed scholar, called auctor, as basic course literature.
		During the catholic scholastic revival in the late 1800s and early 1900s the scholastics were repopularized, but with a kind of narrow focus on certain scholastics and their respective schools of thought, notably Thomas Aquinas.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/au/Auctor.html (285 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Moulding of Dogma in Scholasticism 174-317 The pre-suppositions of the thirteenth century Scholasticism 174 The finis theologiÃ¦ (the idea of salvation) and its main elements 174 The old articuli fidei and the doctrine of transubstantiation 176 The threefold task which Scholasticism carried out with regard to Dogma; strained relation with piety 176 a.
		The Scholasticism of the Middle Ages, then, was simply science, and it is merely perpetuating an unwarranted mistrust when it is thought that this part of the general history of science may be designated by a special name.
		Scholasticism is science, applied to religion, and â” at least, till the time when it underwent self-disintegration â” science setting out from the axiom, that all things are to be understood from theology, that all things therefore must be traced back to theology.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/harnack/dogma6.txt (15586 words)

	English 233: Medieval Christian Scholasticism: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Both are classic examples of "the method of philosophy taught in the schools" - "scholasticism," for short.
		Scholasticism in the West has a long history, beginning with the attempt of the Romanized Christians to instruct the German barbarian invaders in the fundamentals of the Christian-classical world view - that is, to try to conserve and propagate a heritage that threatened to be wiped out by the collapse of the Roman Empire.
		Still, the best way to see what scholasticism is about in the version (medieval) relevant to our present concerns, is to dig into examples, however brief.
	www-personal.ksu.edu /~lyman/english233/scholasticism.htm (862 words)

	Namespaces, schemas, and scholasticism (was RE: Namespaces, sch emas,Si
		Namespaces, schemas, and scholasticism (was RE: Namespaces, sch emas,Si
		From http://www.encyclopedia.com/printablenew/11569.html "scholasticism, philosophy and theology of Western Christendom in the Middle Ages.The beginning of scholasticism can be identified in the methods used by civil and canon lawyers of the 11th and 12th cent.
		Scholasticism thus has a deservedly "bad name", and has been continuously and justly ridiculed ever since Rabelais first did so in the 1500's.
	www.stylusstudio.com /xmldev/200108/post01020.html (508 words)

	Story of the Church - Scholasticism and Mysticism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		New International Dictionary of the Christian Church: "The theology and philosophy taught in the medieval schools from the eleventh to fourteenth centuries, and revived in later periods such as in the late sixteenth and seventeenth and nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
		Scholasticism represented the next major thrust of thinkers into the forefront of theology.
		Even though scholasticism seems to have preceded the arrival of Aristotle in Europe, his philosophy definitely provided the framework for the later scholasticism such as Thomas Aquinas.
	www.ritchies.net /p3wk8.htm (1804 words)

	scholasticism articles on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		scholasticism SCHOLASTICISM [scholasticism], philosophy and theology of Western Christendom in the Middle Ages.
		He is the greatest figure of scholasticism, one of the principal saints of the Roman Catholic Church, and
		He opposed scholasticism and spread the culture of the Renaissance throughout Germany greatly influencing Erasmus and other scholars.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printablenew/11569.html (397 words)

	Fr. Paul Gilbert S.J. Reflections on the Holy Father's Encyclical 'Fides et ratio' - 9
		These critiques of scholasticism are descended from those who since the llth century, refuse to confine faith within the limits of logical reason.
		This risk was already part of the second scholasticism, which espoused the modern mentality in order to centred on "that than which nothing greater can be conceived" (cf.
		The substantive "scholasticism", as signifying a rational form of work, is a creation of the 15th century.
	www.ewtn.com /library/Theology/fides9.htm (3138 words)

	Some Consequences of Four Incapacities
		Descartes is the father of modern philosophy, and the spirit of Cartesianism -- that which principally distinguishes it from the scholasticism which it displaced -- may be compendiously stated as follows:
		It teaches that the ultimate test of certainty is to be found in the individual consciousness; whereas scholasticism had rested on the testimony of sages and of the Catholic Church.
		Scholasticism had its mysteries of faith, but undertook to explain all created things.
	www.peirce.org /writings/p27.html (10590 words)

	Theology WebSite: Church History Study Helps: Early Scholasticism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The distinguishing mark of Scholasticism, in the last analysis, was its adoption of a common method of inquiry: the method of discovering and defending philosophical or theological truth by means of Aristotelian logic or dialectic.
		In this respect Scholasticism may be defined as the rational attempt to penetrate the revealed data of faith through a logical apparatus.
		The development of Scholasticism was accompanied by a discussion about the nature of "universals", that is, about the existence of genera and species, a debate occasioned by Porphyry's Isagogue.
	www.theologywebsite.com /history/earlyscholasticism.shtml (495 words)

	Colleges and Universities: Reconsidering Scholasticism
		Many ecclesiastical and theological reforms were agreed upon at the Second Vatican Council and began to be implemented in dioceses around the world; but also, around the same time, for some reason, changes began to be made in philosophy departments.
		The formalistic Videtur quods and sed contras and respondeo dicendum quods of medieval Scholasticism are no longer in style, but there are other ways to unite history with systematic analysis of issues.
		In summary, the spirit of Scholasticism, which emphasized a systematic approach to problems and issues, did tend to get rigidified and dogmatic, in spite of the efforts of Étienne Gilson and Jacques Maritain and others, and no doubt needed something like an aggiornamento to be nudged out of its wonted grooves.
	www.natcath.org /NCR_Online/archives/092499/092499j.htm (2121 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Theologians and philosophers have vied with one another in endeavouring to find a specific definition of Scholasticism, and to differentiate what this term is meant to denote, from the theology and philosophy of the old (Greek) Church on the one hand, and from modern science on the other.
		The fundamental prejudice, which, however, Scholasticism shared with the theology of antiquity, and unfortunately also of modern times, was that theology is cognition of the world, or that it has to verify and complete cognition of the world.
		Scholasticism shares with Mysticism the âfinis,â and Mysticism uses essentially the same means as Scholasticism.
	www.ccel.org /h/harnack/dogma6.xml (14256 words)

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