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Topic: School of the Americas

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	Americas
		The use of the term America for the United States of America in English and colloquially in other languages is seen by some as politically incorrect (it may be seen as cultural imperialism).
		The Americas consist of the land mass located to the east of the Pacific Ocean and the west of the Atlantic Ocean, and are generally divided into North America, South America, and Central America.
		Traditionally in English-speaking countries, North and South America are considered two continents, reflected by the use of the plural name the Americas, with the isthmus of Central America being part of North America.
	language.school-explorer.com /info/Americas (1311 words)

	United States Army School of the Americas: Background and Congressional Concerns
		The School of the Americas is charged by P.L. USC 4415) with the mission of developing and conducting instruction for the armed forces of Latin America, using the most doctrinally sound, relevant, and cost-effective training programs possible.
		School supporters maintain that, for many Latin American soldiers, the School is the only training they will receive in human rights, and that the School provides a unique setting to influence Latin American militaries on the importance of respecting human rights.
		Supporters of the School contend that democracy is being respected throughout the region with only a few exceptions and that the School of the Americas has played a key role in the resurgence and defense of democracy in Latin America.
	www.fas.org /irp/crs/soa.htm (2177 words)

	Online NewsHour: School of the Americas -- September 21, 1999
		They're students at the School of the Americas, arguably the most controversial unit in the American military establishment.
		The School of the Americas was founded in the mid-1940's in Panama as a place to teach combat tactics and strategy to Latin American soldiers.
		GLENN WEIDNER, Commandant, School of the Americas: I have to clarify that while we are very disturbed when someone does commit a human rights abuse, and who has passed through the school at some time in the past, it is a very small percentage of the total number of students.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/military/july-dec99/sotamericas_9-21.html (1104 words)

	CNN.com - US - School of the Americas closes to undergo name change - December 15, 2000
		The School of the Americas was founded at Fort Amador in the Panama Canal Zone in 1946 as the Latin American Training Center.
		In July 1963, the school was renamed the U.S. Army School of the Americas.
		Under the provisions of the 1977 Panama Canal Treaty, the school was relocated to Fort Benning in October 1984.
	www.cnn.com /2000/US/12/15/school.americas (687 words)

	SCHOOL OF THE AMERICAS: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The School of the Americas is funded under the IMET program and is just one of 69 facilities in the United States where foreign soldiers are trained.
		Colonel Jose Alvarez is the commandant of the School of the Americas and one of its staunchest defenders.
		According to the US Army, the School of the Americas is a successful program because a large number of former students have become high ranking officers when they return to their own countries.
	www.cdi.org /adm/transcripts/804 (3770 words)

	School of the Americas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		At least forty-five of these officers had received training at the U.S. Army School of the Americas, which was established by the United States in Panama in 1946.
		The School of the Americas (SOA) gradually lost favor in Panama, where it became known as the School of the Assassins, and was forced out of Panama in 1984 and relocated to Fort Benning, Georgia.
		The School of Americas Watch compared the commission’s findings with lists of SOA graduates obtained from the National Security Archive in Washington, D.C., and discovered numerous SOA graduates cited in the UN report.
	www.montclair.edu /Pages/ICS/IPDsoa.htm (951 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Americas \| School defends intelligent design
		Some parents are suing the school board, saying that intelligent design is a religious belief and should not be taught, because it violates the United States constitutional separation of church and state.
		The Dover school board instructs its teachers to read a statement to 14-to-15-year-old students before classes on evolution, saying that Charles Darwin's theory is "not a fact", and that there are "gaps in the theory".
		Prof Behe was the first witness called by the school board, after the dissenting parents presented their case.
	news.bbc.co.uk /go/rss/-/2/hi/americas/4353524.stm (368 words)

	Opposing the School of the Americas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		It trains nearly 2,000 soldiers from Latin America and the Caribbean each year in combat skills such as counterinsurgency operations, military intelligence, sniper fire, commando tactics, and psychological operations.
		On November 16, 1997, to bring this school to the attention of the general public, over 2,000 people from all over the United States assembled at the main gate of Fort Benning, SOA's home.
		There were 31 "repeat offenders" who marched on the school the year before (November 16, 1996).
	wusb.fm /archive/articles/SOA.html (460 words)

	Despite call to postpone, protesters march on School of Americas
		The School of the Americas, now renamed the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation, serves as a training school for Latin American soldiers, many of whom have been implicated in human rights violations and murders in their native lands.
		A Salvadoran Truth Commission revealed that 19 of the 26 soldiers responsible for the murders were trained at the School of the Americas.
		Morris, 19, said she felt “an urgency” to be involved in the effort to close the school, especially after Sept. 11.
	www.natcath.com /NCR_Online/archives/120701/120701i.htm (1256 words)

	Americas Team Amber Alert Center Alaska - Parents Say First Grader Was Raped and Bullied at School (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		We will not name the elementary school where this took place in order to protect the identity of the young children and their families.
		She says all staff are taking the situation very seriously and things have changed at the school but she's adament to say no policies have changed.
		Comeau has told all schools to develop their own proceedures for keeping track of children and teachers are now more aware of the importance of the following them.
	alaska.teamamberalert.net /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=101 (900 words)

	15 Dec History: This Date (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The "School of the Americas", in Fort Benning, Georgia, a U.S. army facility critics have labeled a school for dictators, torturers and assassins is being closed today under that name, to reopen on 17 January 2001 as the “Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation.”.
		The renamed school's official purpose shall be "to provide professional education and training to eligible personnel of nations of the Western Hemisphere within the context of the democratic principles set forth in the Charter of the Organization of American States...
		Codifying an existing school policy, the new law requires that each student receive at least eight hours of instruction in "human rights, the rule of law, due process, civilian control of the military, and the role of the military in a democratic society.
	www.jcanu.hpg.ig.com.br /history/h4dec/15bening.html (2170 words)

	School of Americas
		Today, America's image as a defender of democracy and justice has been further eroded by the School of the Americas (SOA), which trains Latin American and Caribbean military officers and soldiers to subvert democracy and kill hope in their own countries.
		Graduates of the SOA have been among the most repressive tyrants in Latin America, and their actions have been some of the most cruel and violent.
		This bill would close the School of the Americas and establish in its place an Academy for Democracy and Civil-Military Relations, to identify the proper role of the military in a democratic society and bring about civilian control over military matters in Latin America.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /SOA/SOA.html (1374 words)

	CNN Cold War - Spotlight: School of the Americas
		In 1984, under the terms of the 1977 Panama Canal Treaty, the school was moved to Fort Benning.
		The school insisted it was not responsible for the actions of individuals who ignored its training, which has always included instruction on the basic rules of warfare as set out in the Geneva Convention.
		Although the new law directs the school to comply with the "democratic principles" of the Organization of American States, opponents of the school have said the changes will only be cosmetic.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/18/spotlight (1022 words)

	Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation
		It is the successor to the School of the Americas (SOA), a facility established in 1946 and legally closed in 2001.
		Section 4415 of Title 10, which formerly authorized the School of the Americas, was repealed by section 911 of the 2001 National Defense Authorization Act (H.R. The changes the new law makes to the school are enumerated in the bulleted list to the left.
		During the late 1990s, the School of the Americas' operating budget was approximately $4 million per year.
	www.ciponline.org /facts/soa.htm (1194 words)

	Wesley Clark Vigorously Defends the US Army's 'School of Assassins'
		Opposition to the school, which trains military officers from Latin American countries, has long been a cause celebre among some Democrats and liberal activists, who say the academy has trained some of the most notorious criminals of the region and teaches skills that Latin American armies sometimes use against their own citizenry.
		The US Army School of the Americas, created in 1946, has been located since the 1960s in a building at Fort Benning, Ga., and trains 800 to 1,000 Latin American military officers each year, in courses that last from six weeks to one year.
		"This school is the best means available to ensure that the armed forces in Latin America and the armies in Latin America understand US values and adopt those values as their own," Clark said at the time.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines04/0117-01.htm (1145 words)

	Online NewsHour: School of the Americas -- September 21, 1999
		The graduates, some graduates of the School of Americas have committed the most heinous crimes, the worst atrocities in Central and South America and I just think it's gone too far and it should be closed.
		One of the greatest things about School the Americas is it is here in the United States and they get to experience U.S. life and they get to see what they would hope their country would become if they can support democracy.
		The reputation of the School of the Americas is so bad in parts of El Salvador that I was in and parts of Mexico that the only way to remedy it is to close it.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/military/july-dec99/sotamericas_9-21a.html (1718 words)

	School of the Americas Protest: Thousands Attend Annual Military School Protest
		Protesters carry crosses bearing the names of allleged victims of abuses in Latin America, during a protest, Sunday, Nov. 17, 2002, in Columbus, Ga., near the Fort Benning school that trains Latin American soldiers.
		The facility has been constantly criticized by the School of Americas Watch group, which has held yearly protests at Fort Benning since 1990.
		Though U.S. defense officials formally closed the School of the Americas in 2000 and reopened it a year later under a new name, critics say the school is a tarnished symbol of violence.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines02/1117-06.htm (753 words)

	School of the Americas
		The U.S. Army School of the Americas is a bilingual Training and Doctrine Command service school that has trained over 56,000 military, police and government from 22 nations throughout the hemisphere.
		The School was charged by Public Law 100-180 (10 USC 4415) with the mission to provide doctrinally sound, relevant military education and training to the nations of Latin America; promote democratic values and respect for human rights; and foster cooperation among the multinational military forces.
		Critics have long accused the school of training soldiers in questionable and abusive tactics, which are then used against populations in their home countries.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/agency/army/soa.htm (678 words)

	americas.org - School of Assassins
		Many of Latin America’s ex-dictator’s were trained at the School of the Americas as well.
		The School of the Americas (SOA) is a military training school for Latin American soldiers.
		Every November, opponents of the School of the Americas gather for a massive demonstration outside the gates of this school for terrorism.
	www.americas.org /News/Features/200311_NovDec/SOA_Turck.htm (735 words)

	Counterinsurgency, State Terror and the School of the Americas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Though the Pentagon claims to have destroyed the manuals, except for one copy each "retained in the files of the Army Intelligence School at Fort Huachuca, Arizona," the legacy of a carefully- organized strategy of terror is the norm, not the exception.
		The U.S. Army School of the Americas along with the Central Intelligence Agency, continue to be the primary ideological and tactical linch-pins of U.S. counterinsurgency operations throughout the hemisphere.
		Regardless of which bourgeois party exercises power in Washington, the primary role of institutions such as the School of the Americas, is the repression of popular movements which threaten U.S. corporate global hegemony.
	www.geocities.com /RainForest/2966/americas.html (1407 words)

	Americas High School
		As I walked the halls the first couple of days of school, I was struck by how smoothly our year started, and what a great group of students call this their home away from home.
		This year's Credit Recovery classes are held after school from 4 PM to 6 PM for any student who needs to recover a credit in a core class.
		If your drive your son or daughter to school please do not be rushed as this endangers our students.
	schools.sisd.net /amh (851 words)

	Training Human Rights Violators - Global Issues
		A very informative documentary (called "School of the Americas: At War with Democracy?", by the Center for Defense Information, 1994) describes how a US military training school, the School of the Americas, has trained many of the worst human rights violators and dictators in various Latin American countries.
		At the School of the Americas (SOA), portraits of the most successful graduates are hung.
		A setback for the school occurred in July 1999, where the US House of Representatives unexpectedly voted to withdraw funding from the notorious School.
	www.globalissues.org /Geopolitics/ArmsTrade/TrainingViolators.asp (929 words)

	School of the Americas CIA Torture Manual (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The School of the Americas was established in Panama in 1946 to train Latin American military and security officers.
		I am not in support of closing the school because I think it serves a valuable purpose in uniting the military personnel from the US and from LA. I have military experience and have lived in LA for 4 years and believe the School of the Americas should remain open.
		School of the Americas graduates contributed enormously to that transition, and they are helping to defend it today in the cooperative hemispheric effort against the drug lords, terrorists and members of violent insurgent groups who have no respect for law, national borders or human rights.
	mediafilter.org /guest/Pages/September.21.1996.23.26.32 (3791 words)

	U.S. House deals setback to Army School of the Americas - July 30, 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		WASHINGTON (AllPolitics, July 30) -- Opponents of the U.S. Army's controversial School of the Americas are celebrating a victory on Capitol Hill.
		Sanford Bishop, D-Georgia, a longtime proponent of the school, argued that 12 investigations by Congress and the Pentagon over the past decade have disproved allegations that the school teaches torture and murder to its Latin American military students.
		The Pentagon says the school is a key part of U.S. strategy in Latin America, encouraging civilian control of military forces and respect for human rights.
	www.cnn.com /ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/07/30/school.americas (614 words)

	US Army School of the Americas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The three highest ranking officers convicted in February 1994 of murdering nine university students and a professor in Peru are all SOA graduates--as is the commander of the Peruvian military who dispatched tanks to block an investigation.
		Also known as the School for Dictators (and dubbed--less kindly but with more acronymic consistency--the School of Assassins) the SOA has sired a number of favorite sons destined for historical scrutiny.
		One is tempter to speculate--given the nature, complexity, and sophistication of the courses taken by Costa Rican students at an elite combat school such as the SOA--that "civil and rural guard duties" are clever euphemisms crafter for public consumption.
	www.pangaea.org /street_children/latin/soa.htm (3167 words)

	SCHOOL OF THE AMERICAS EXPOSED! : SF Indymedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Over $1,000 was raised to continue the educational and organizing effort of the School of the Americas watch.
		Congress almost shut down the school but the military changed the name to the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation and convinced Congress that it was needed to win the “War on Terrorism.” School of the Americas Watch thinks that “School of Assassins” is a more accurate name for the school.
		School of the Americas Watch encourages you to join thousands of people from across the Americas from November 21-23, 2003 at the gates of the U.S. military base at Fort Benning, Georgia - to stand in Solidarity with the victims of the School of Assassins and to speak out against terror and violence.
	sf.indymedia.org /news/2003/09/1641669.php (997 words)

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