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Topic: Science wars

	Science wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Science wars were a series of intellectual battles in several of the academic humanities in the 1990s between "postmodernists" and "realists" (though neither "camp" would likely use the terms to describe themselves) about the nature of scientific theories.
		This apparent "attack" on the validity of science from the humanities and social sciences worried many people, especially as the language of social construction was appropriated by groups attempting to assert political control over the use of science in society (for example, the Creation-evolution controversy).
		Though the events of the science wars are still occasionally mentioned in mainstream press, they have had little effect on either the scientific community or the community of critical theorists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Science_wars (980 words)

	Physics Today May 2001
		Science and technology studies was born as a field in the 1940s, with the laudable goal of enhancing public understanding of science in a society increasingly defined by rapidly evolving technology.
		Much of the antagonism of the science wars can be traced to the well-established academic practice of stating one's views in extreme form to stir up a controversy and thereby attract the kind of attention that can actually enhance a career.
		Craig McConnell is a historian of science currently working on the history of the development and popularization of modern cosmology, and also teaches science and technology studies as an assistant professor of liberal studies at California State University, Fullerton.
	www.physicstoday.org /pt/vol-54/iss-5/p57.html (1276 words)

	Workshop on Applications of Radio Science (WARS) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		WARS was planned to have both formal talks, by invited speakers, and submitted papers, all to be presented in poster format to encourage discussion.
		All WARS papers are fully reviewed, to meet the DEST E1 classification for refereed papers published in conference proceedings, and thereby encourage student attendance and support by Universities.
		At WARS Conferences, a prize is offered for the best Student paper presented and this Conference the prize was won by Mr Jonathan Boan, University of Adelaide, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering for his paper titled: "Radio Propagation in Fire Environments".
	www.ips.gov.au /IPSHosted/NCRS/wars.html (863 words)

	Amazon.com: Who Rules in Science? : An Opinionated Guide to the Wars: Books: James Robert Brown (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Included are a summary of the nature of science, a brief history of the philosophy of science, and a ruthless skewering of the "nihilist/postmodern" wing of social constructivism.
		He satisfyingly plays both sociologists of science and "internalist" supporters of science against postmodern philosophers whom he (I think correctly) disqualifies as being largely irrelevant to serious debates because as often as not they are simply unfamiliar with the real content of the scientific theories they claim to be arbitrary cultural constructions.
		As a supporter of science who is on the left and is an academic, Brown points out the fallacy of defining the sides that way, and also points out the too often ignored intentions of the sociologists of science to be _doing_ legitimate science, not attacking it.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0674013646?v=glance (3507 words)

	Boston.com / News / Boston Globe / Ideas / Science wars
		Following the election, Bush science adviser John Marburger suggested that partisan attacks during the campaign could lessen support for federal science funding.
		The politicization of science emerged in 2004 as a largely new issue.
		Kerry himself took up the theme, promising to be a president who "believes in science" and attacking Bush's stem cell policy, an issue that served as a proxy for broader discontent in the scientific community.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/ideas/articles/2004/11/21/science_wars (565 words)

	Science Wars
		A Sociology of Science and the ethics of Science:
		In fact one part of the science war comes from this belief : scientists denied that there is any significant relationship between the historical and social context of scientific discovery to the key elements of what constitutes science itself.
		This part of the science war ended with a complete success for the "science studies" which managed to prove that human biases play a major role in the acceptation or the refutation of a theory.
	www.comms.dcu.ie /sheehanh/msc/scwars99.htm (5392 words)

	Revisiting ‘Star Wars’ science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		“Science has caught up with George Lucas, and a lot of the things we believed were entirely fantastical in 1977 now seem compatible with our view of the universe,” she says.
		Laser weapons such as the Death Star’s planet-blaster aren’t totally the stuff of science fiction, however: On a far smaller scale, the U.S. military is testing laser weapons that could be used against orbiting satellites or incoming spacecraft.
		Eventually, young “Star Wars” fans may find themselves sucked into a bizarre realm where creatures live around undersea volcanoes, where fusion reactions can take place on a table top, where planets can be detected around double-star systems — in short, the real world.
	www.msnbc.com /news/268328.asp?cp1=1 (1315 words)

	Science Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Of course science is an appropriate object of study by anthropologists, sociologists, historians, and philosophers, and of course it exists in a political context.
		The erosion of the Cold War funding contract with the state, combined with the decrease in public respect for scientific authority, has created a demand for scapegoats in the demonic form of politically motivated scholars in science studies.
		Science is terribly important, but not as an accidentally powerful example among many equally valid forms of discourse, or as a state religion.
	www.imsc.res.in /~jayaram/Sokal/cult.html (2972 words)

	Splendours and Miseries of the Science Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Recent developments in the history and philosophy of science have led to a reevaluation that acknowledges that the goals, methods, theories, and even the actual data of the natural sciences are not written in nature; all are subject to the play of social forces.
		The Science Wars are marked by a high incidence of the language of the purification rituals with which according to Mary Douglas threatened groups typically maintain their solidarity and integrity.
		How far science is, can be, and should be a disinterested pursuit of knowledge, the issue that we take to lie at the very heart of the Science Wars, is a matter of the most immediate moral concern.
	www.math.tohoku.ac.jp /~kuroki/Sokal/science_wars.html (6162 words)

	Science Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Science, for example, once appeared to be the pure pursuit of truth and knowledge by priest-like men and women dressed in white garments.
		Science, you need to understand, is in America today a mostly-socialist institution — and one of the most “politicized” realms in our society.
		In fact they are often more foolish than this drunk, because those with the power of science Commissars often become intoxicated with the notion that knowledge and intellect in one field empowers them to speak with the authority of gods in all fields.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/Printable.asp?ID=12379 (3046 words)

	Thomas Kuhn and the Science Wars
		Sardar recounts the history of debates about the philosophy and politics of science and technology, by means of a discussion of Thomas Kuhn's famous 1962 book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, which itself revolutionized sociological approaches to science.
		"the conventional, old-paradigm normal science may still be valid in situations with low levels of uncertainty and risk, but it is not suitable when either decision stakes or system uncertainties - as for example, in the case of genetic engineering or human cloning - are high.
		But now the uncertainties are not just in science pedagogy/propaganda, but inherent in studies of complex systems, and here we move onto the second inconsistency, the confusion of science with engineering or with technology.
	www.blackstarreview.com /rev-0054.html (1393 words)

	After The Sokal Affair and Impostures Intellectuelles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Bielefelder `Science Wars' Petition: Science Wars Historic Archive at The European Association for the Study of Science and Technology.
		Liz McMillen, The Science Wars Flare at the Institute for Advanced Study, The rejection of a Princeton professor divides scholars at the center that was once Einstein's intellectual home, published in The Chronicle of Higher Education, 16 May 1997.
		Nick Jardine and Marina Frasca-Spada, Splendours and Miseries of the Science Wars, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 28(2), 1997: 219-35.
	www.math.tohoku.ac.jp /~kuroki/Sokal (5380 words)

	USATODAY.com - Museum exhibit melds science, fiction of Star Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Light-years still separate science from fiction in George Lucas' six-film epic about the galactic battle between good and evil, but a new exhibit at Boston's Museum of Science tries to show that the fantasies of Star Wars aren't all far-fetched — and some are getting less so with each passing year.
		The exhibit, which stirred controversy when it was revealed that the museum had bumped a more conventional science exhibit, uses the wildly popular movies as a bridge to real science, and fire up interest — particularly among youngsters — about the promises of engineering, physics and other fields.
		Lucas himself is the first to admit that science was the furthest thing from his mind when he concocted the Star Wars story line 30 years ago about a fascistic imperial army and the feisty rebels who ultimately win the day.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/science/space/2005-11-14-star-wars-exhibit_x.htm (1236 words)

	My Science Wars
		The critics see the uses of the sciences as "socially constructed," as well as the choices of projects to be funded and the directions in which such fundings push research.
		The thesis that "science" (i.e., scientific rationality) lacks any ultimate or unitary nature is bolstered by an account of the way in which the Japanese made use of Western technology while rejecting the epistemology and the Reason-with-a-capital-"R" that lay behind the history of science in the West.
		The import of the new social studies of science is to have shown that none of these discoveries amounts to a steady march toward Truth." Agreed.
	www.physics.nyu.edu /faculty/sokal/fromm.html (2841 words)

	Reflections on the Science Wars by Norman Levitt
		Suffice it, however, that intellectual celebrity in much of the humanities/social sciences wing of academia, has in large measure ceased to be correlated with precise thinking, or command of evidence, or even fundamental intellectual honesty.
		One is left with the inescapable sense that some of the senior sages of STS are so philosophically naive, silly, and self-deluded that it’s plainly as pointless to think in terms of "dialog" with them as with a UFO cultist.
		On the intellectual level, if not the institutional one, the "science wars" were over shortly after the first shots were fired, and it is curiousity, rather than passionate concern about the outcome, that leads me to keep an eye on all the rather pointless scurrying.
	www.human-nature.com /articles/levitt.html (2778 words)

	Science Wars II (Doubt and About)
		So business interests get their "scientific" arguments privileged at agencies that are supposed to be protecting endangered species and the environment, even as religious conservative interests get their "science" humored at agencies dedicated to public health and even, to some extent, medical research.
		We don't have to postulate a nefarious conspiracy, then, to explain the war on science that has manifested itself during the Bush administration.
		Here's where the political abuse of science becomes a core issue for the nation's future: The crisis promises to leave Americans with a less reliable, less effective, less professional, and ultimately less respectable government.
	www.csicop.org /doubtandabout/sciencewars2 (996 words)

	Chris C Mooney (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Many of the cases of science politicization singled out by the Union of Concerned Scientists seem motivated by an attempt to appease "traditional values" voters.
		As the history of "creation science" in America shows, Christian conservatives have their own views on many scientific matters and even, in some cases, their own cadre of PhDs to advocate these positions.
		In response to a question about climate science posed by Science magazine in the run-up to the election, the Bush campaign resorted to a familiar strategy: hyping the lingering scientific "uncertainties," as if these somehow cancel out the consensus view that humans are heating the planet through greenhouse gas emissions.
	www.chriscmooney.com /article_db.asp?id=313 (1572 words)

	The New Science Wars (Doubt and About)
		calls the president's science adviser a "prostitute," it's a safe bet that all is not well in the realm of government science policy.
		Indeed, in the past month, the United States has been engulfed by a kind of "science war," one pitting much of the nation's scientific community against the current administration.
		When the administration invokes science, it relies on research at odds with the scientific consensus, and contradicts, undermines, or suppresses the research of its own scientists.
	www.csicop.org /doubtandabout/sciencewars (1732 words)

	Can 'Star Wars' save science? - Science - MSNBC.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		BOSTON - It's a "Star Wars" fan's dream — the first public display of props and costumes from all six films in the series, including a replica cockpit of Han Solo's asteroid-battered Millennium Falcon.
		But the $5 million exhibit goes beyond entertainment and turns "Star Wars" into a educational tool for science and technology, fields in which U.S. dominance faces a challenge from a new generation of engineers in Asia.
		Rows of "Star Wars" androids and Anakin Skywalker's prosthetic right hand from Episode III — before his transformation into Darth Vader — are used to explain advances in robotic technology and modern medical prosthetics.
	msnbc.msn.com /id/9807853 (671 words)

	ScienceWars homepage
		Science Wars: who are the combatants and why the combat?
		Jithan V Aukunuru's response to The Science Wars in India
		The Flight from Science and Reason; Paul R.
	members.tripod.com /~ScienceWars (185 words)

	News & Features \| SCIENCE WARS
		If avian flu, anti-terrorism agencies, or DNA mapping can’t get kids into science, there’s always the holy trilogy (and prequel tragedy) that is Star Wars.
		The accompanying planetarium show, Far, Far Away: The Worlds of Star Wars, seems promising, but would have been better utilized as, say, a DVD extra than a sit-in-this-uncomfortable-chair-and-pretend-you’re-back-in-high-school type of show.
		This is most apparent in the footage of a young George Lucas, as well as the hilarious stock footage used to illustrate human diversity.
	www.bostonphoenix.com /boston/news_features/this_just_in/documents/05053084.asp (415 words)

	MoS \| Museum of Science, Boston (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		On July 30 the Museum of Science will open the internationally renowned exhibition BODY WORLDS 2: The Anatomical Exhibition of Real Human Bodies, created by Dr. Gunther von Hagens.
		The exhibition explores human and comparative anatomy, health science, anatomy, and physiology through the study of real human bodies that have been preserved using the ground-breaking process called Plastination — providing people with the unprecedented opportunity to discover the wonders of the human body.
		Breaking news...Stay current on science and technology news and developments courtesy of the Museum of Science.
	www.mos.org (322 words)

	Metaphilm - Star Wars
		We science fiction fans are not so different, though, when we struggle to rationalize away the contradictions in our favorite fictional universes.
		In normal movie parlance, a continuity error means one of those embarrassing moments when, say, the bandage on an actor moves from the right hand to the left hand between scenes due to a mistake by the makeup department.
		Star Wars may be the most effective science-fictional theory yet posited, but even the best theory sometimes turns out to have cracks that necessitate its abandonment, its obsolescence.
	metaphilm.com /philm.php?id=416_0_2_0_M (1966 words)

	AEI - Events
		This debate erupted anew over the summer after President George W. Bush and Senator Bill Frist (R-Tenn.) endorsed the teaching of intelligent design (ID)—the theory that intelligent causes are responsible for the origin of the universe and of life in all its diversity.
		Proponents of teaching alternatives to evolution are now lobbying state legislatures and pressing school districts to incorporate ID into science curricula.
		Alarmed scientists and educators see ID as a disguised form of creationism and a direct attack on the scientific method and critical thinking.
	aei.org /events/eventID.1169,filter.all,type.upcoming/event_detail.asp (145 words)

	The "Star Wars" Worlds: More Science Than Fiction? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Everyone knows the Star Wars galaxy is located "far, far away." But how realistic are the alien worlds (see pictures) described in the science fiction saga?
		In Star Wars, it seems that only Monsieur Vader has figured this out, building his own artificial habitat, appealingly monikered the Death Star, even though it's not a star at all.
		In Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith, the fictional planet Mustafar serves as a volcanic backdrop for the final duel between the characters Obi-Wan Kenobi and Anakin Skywalker.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2005/06/0603_050603_starwars.html (692 words)

	The Science Spot: Junk Box Wars
		STATE GOAL 13: Understand the relationships among science, technology and society in historical and contemporary contexts.
		NOTE: Sections of State Goal 12 related to physical science will also be addressed depending on the project.
		The Junk Box Wars projects also address the National Science Education Standards related to the technological design.
	sciencespot.net /Pages/junkbox.html (616 words)

	Star Wars: Expanded Universe \| Inside Star Wars: Where Science Meets Imagination Book
		Appearing in all six Star Wars films as the protocol droid with plenty to say, as well as the only human to be inducted into the Robotics Hall of Fame, actor Anthony Daniels (C-3PO) was aptly asked to write the forward to this provocative book.
		Various topics in the book mirror similar topics in the touring museum exhibit of the same name, including vehicles and spaceships of the future, robots and their interaction with humans, digital characters who come to life and more.
		Among the various scientists and professors asked to confess their admiration and awe of the droids who populated a galaxy far, far away are Cynthia Breazeal, Associate Professor of Media Arts and Sciences, and Director of the Media Lab Robotic Life Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
	www.starwars.com /eu/lit/ref/news20051005.html (803 words)

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