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Topic: Scientific misconduct

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	Scientific misconduct - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Scientific misconduct is the violation of the standard codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in professional scientific research.
		The accusation of scientific misconduct is as controversial as knowledge is generally under construction.
		Such cases may not be strictly definable as scientific misconduct as the deliberate falsification of results is not present.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scientific_misconduct (1227 words)

	Policy on Scientific Misconduct
		Misconduct in research means fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, or other practices that seriously deviate from those that are commonly accepted within the academic community for proposing, conducting, or reporting research.
		Institutional employees accused of scientific misconduct may consult with legal counsel or a non-lawyer personal adviser (who is not a principal or witness in the case) to seek advice and may bring the counsel or personal adviser to interviews or meetings on the case.
		Upon receiving an allegation of scientific misconduct, the Research Integrity Officer will immediately assess the allegation to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to warrant an inquiry, whether PHS support or PHS applications for funding are involved, and whether the allegation falls under the PHS definition of scientific misconduct.
	www.lclark.edu /~cas/faculty/misconduct.html (5025 words)

	Drexel University: Office of the Provost: Policies: Program Review
		Respondent means the person against whom an allegation of scientific misconduct is directed or the person whose actions are the subject of the inquiry or investigation.
		Scientific misconduct or misconduct in science means fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, or other practices that seriously deviate from those that are commonly accepted within the scientific community for proposing, conducting, or reporting research.
		Institutional employees accused of scientific misconduct may consult with legal counsel or a non-lawyer personal adviser (who is not a principal or witness in the case) to seek advice and may bring the legal counsel or non-lawyer personal adviser to interviews or meetings on the case, but these individuals may not participate in the proceedings.
	www.drexel.edu /provost/policies/scientific_misconduct.asp (1838 words)

	science - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		There are different theories of what "science" is. According to empiricism, "scientific" theories are objective, empirically verifiable, and "predictive" — they predict empirical results that can be checked and possibly contradicted.
		In contrast, scientific realism defines science in terms of ontology: science attempts to identify what "things" in the world, their causal powers, the mechanisms through which they exercise those powers, and the sources of those powers in terms of the thing's structure or internal nature.
		Atomic theory, for example, implies that a granite boulder which appears a heavy, hard, solid, grey object is actually a combination of subatomic particles with none of these properties, moving very rapidly in an area consisting mostly of empty space.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/science (1966 words)

	Scientific Misconduct Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Adherence to these principles is essential for the efficient progress of scientific research and for the preservation of the trust of the public and the research community.
		Scientific misconduct is generally defined as any fabrication, falsification, omission, plagiarism, suppression, theft, misappropriation, or other practice that violates the standards commonly accepted within the scientific community for proposing, conducting, or reporting research.
		If, after evaluation of the report submitted by the committee, the Senior Administrator determines in his or her discretion that the accused has engaged in scientific misconduct, then the Senior Administrator shall determine the appropriate administrative and disciplinary action to be taken against the accused.
	wwwsju.stjohns.edu /grants/misconduct.html (2744 words)

	Science - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Scientists maintain that scientific investigation must adhere to the scientific method, a process for evaluating empirical knowledge that explains observable events in nature as results of natural causes, rejecting supernatural notions.
		As such, the scientific method cannot deduce anything about the realm of reality that is beyond what is observable by existing or theoretical means.
		While scientific journals communicate and document the results of research carried out in universities and various other institutions, science magazines cater to the needs of a wider readership.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Science (4124 words)

	Amherst College Faculty Handbook : Scientific Misconduct (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Scientific misconduct may consist of fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, or other practices that seriously deviate from those that are commonly accepted within the scientific community for proposing, conducting, or reporting research.
		To ensure impartiality in the receipt of allegations or evidence of scientific misconduct and impartiality in the initiation of immediate inquiry into them, all allegations will be addressed to and initially reviewed by the Dean of the Faculty, the Chief Academic Officer of Amherst College.
		If the ad hoc committee charged with conducting an investigation concludes that there is substantial evidence to support an allegation or evidence of scientific misconduct, they will submit their report together with any recommendations for the imposition of sanctions to the President of the College who will act upon the report and its recommendations.
	www.amherst.edu /~deanfac/handbook/scientificmisconduct.html (962 words)

	Misconduct
		Misconduct in Research, Scholarly Work and Creative Activity at the University is covered in UA Board of Regents policy (P10.07.06) and regulations (R10.07.06).
		Misconduct may occur in publications, posters, presentations, funding proposals, agency reports, etc. Allegations of research/scientific misconduct should be directed to the UAF Provost.
		General timelines and procedures for handling misconduct allegations are described in the UA Board of Regents Regulations (R10.07.06).
	www.uaf.edu /ori/Integrity/Misconduct.htm (450 words)

	Scientific Misconduct in Environmental Science and Toxicology... [Peer review, July 13 JAMA. 1994;272:168-170] (c) AMA ...
		Scientific misconduct easily occurs in environmental science and toxicology; we encountered four such cases.
		SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT is certainly not a new phenomenon; it was recognized during peer review as early as 1731.
		We also agree with Friedman[17] that scientific journals have an obligation to develop written policies and to respond to allegations of scientific misconduct and unethical publishing practices.
	www.ama-assn.org /public/peer/7_13_94/pv3075x.htm (2018 words)

	Scientific Misconduct
		The University's Policy on Scientific Misconduct was developed to effect compliance with the requirements of the Public Health Service Final Rule on "Responsibilities of Awardee and Applicant Institutions for Dealing With and Reporting Possible Misconduct in Science" (42 CFR Part 50).
		Misconduct in research, herein defined as scientific misconduct, is inappropriate behavior.
		Allegations of scientific misconduct made against individuals involved in research, or research training, applications for support of research or research training, or related research activities will be handled according to the policies and procedures included herein.
	www.auburn.edu /administration/trustees/policymanual/scient_misconduct.html (2874 words)

	Clarkson University - Division of Research - Scientific Misconduct
		Misconduct: Fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, autoplagiarism (claiming one’s own previously published work as new work), or aiding or abetting those practices that seriously deviate from those that are commonly accepted within the scientific and humanistic communities for proposing, conducting or reporting research.
		Misconduct does not refer to honest error or honest differences in interpretations or judgments of data.
		Formal allegations of misconduct should be presented in writing in a confidential manner to the University Provost or equivalent chief academic officer.
	www.clarkson.edu /dor/compliance/misconduct.html (993 words)

	Academe - Scientific Misconduct (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When you read a scientific paper, you can agree or disagree with its conclusions, but you must be able to trust its account of the procedures used and the results produced by those procedures.
		Moreover, misconduct would have to be committed knowingly or with reckless disregard for the truth—an essential element of the forbidden term "fraud"—and proved by a preponderance of evidence.
		Misconduct of this kind is, I fear, rampant in all fields of science, not only biomedical science.
	www.aaup.org /publications/Academe/2002/02JF/02jfgoo.htm (2600 words)

	3230
		Though such misconduct is thought to be rare, once misconduct is suspected it must be dealt with quickly and forcefully in order to sustain the atmosphere of trust necessary for science.
		If an individual is unsure whether a suspected incident falls within the definition of scientific misconduct, he or she may call the Research Integrity Office at (208) 885-6651 to discuss the suspected misconduct informally.
		Institutional employees accused of scientific misconduct may, at their own expense, consult with legal counsel or a non-lawyer personal adviser (who is not a principal or witness in the case) to seek advice and may bring the counsel or personal adviser to interviews or meetings on the case.
	www.webs.uidaho.edu /fsh/3230.html (4557 words)

	JCE 2002 (79) 1391 [Dec] Scientific Misconduct (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Two cases of scientific misconduct have recently appeared in the media (1, 2).
		Looking on the bright side, scientific misconduct continues to be newsworthy because it continues to be rare.
		Nevertheless, these cases of scientific misconduct illustrate that considerable vigilance is required among collaborators to make certain that spurious data or incorrect interpretations of data are not propagated.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /Journal/Issues/2002/Dec/abs1391.html (986 words)

	HYLE 8-1 (2002): 'Pathological Science' is not Scientific Misconduct (nor is it pathological)
		Scientific revolutions introduce startling novelty in just one of the three; typically in theory as with relativity or quantum mechanics, but it might also be in data as with the recognition of radioactivity, or in method as with radio-astronomy.
		Scientific misconduct is no better defined a concept than is pathological science.
		It has proved impossible to arrive at a definition of scientific misconduct that could be approved by US government agencies (National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation) as well as by professional scientific societies and industries engaged in scientific research.
	www.hyle.org /journal/issues/8-1/bauer.htm (6068 words)

	Duderstadt : Public believes scientific misconduct rampant
		Scientific misconduct poses a serious threat to the research enterprise and to the intellectual integrity upon which the advancement of knowledge depends, President James J. Duderstadt warned fellow scientists in Rackham Auditorium last Tuesday.
		It is the rare cases of scientific misconduct, along with indirect cost scandals, that contribute to the public’s negative perception of both researchers and the academic community, Duderstadt added.
		Misconduct must be investigated using established procedures, but if it is clear that fraud is not involved, then the investigation should cease, regardless of the degree of carelessness found in the work under scrutiny.
	www.umich.edu /~urecord/9293/Jan25_93/3.htm (536 words)

	Scientific Misconduct
		1) "Misconduct in research or scholarship" means fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, or other practices that seriously deviate from those that are commonly accepted within the academic community for proposing, conducting, reporting research, obstruction of investigation of research misconduct, and non-compliance with research regulations.
		In the event that the faculty or staff member believed to have engaged in misconduct in research or scholarship is a Chair, the matter shall be referred directly to the Dean, who shall appoint a tenured member of the faculty to serve in place of the Chair in these procedures.
		In the event that the Dean is believed to have engaged in such misconduct, the matter shall be referred to the Superintendent, who shall serve in the place of the Dean in these procedures.
	vmirl.vmi.edu /Restricted/scientif.htm (1623 words)

	(5E) Scientific Misconduct
		“Misconduct” or “misconduct in science” means fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, deception, or other practices that seriously deviate from those that are commonly accepted within the scientific community for proposing, conducting, or reporting research.
		Thus, an investigation of misconduct may disclose evidence that requires further action even in those cases in which no misconduct is found.
		If an investigation has been launched on the basis of a complaint, but no misconduct is found, no disciplinary measures will be taken against the complainant, and every effort will be made to prevent retaliatory action against the complainant if the allegations, however incorrect, are found to have been made in good faith.
	www.trinity.edu /departments/academic_affairs/hb/research/scimscnd.htm (2733 words)

	Research Misconduct (RPH 2.5)
		Allegations or suspicions of misconduct outside the scope of this policy should be referred for investigation to the cognizant dean, vice provost or vice president; the process of investigation and reporting obligations may differ from those required for research misconduct cases.
		In addition, in cases where research misconduct is found, the school dean and/or the Dean of Research may take all other appropriate actions (including the correction of the public record) as deemed necessary and advisable to address the consequences of the research misconduct.
		Because this policy is designed primarily to protect the integrity of the public research record, instances of alleged research misconduct by students in practicum-type courses, and in coursework and classroom activities, may in many cases be better addressed through student Honor Code or Fundamental Standard procedures, rather than through the procedures of this policy.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/DoR/rph/2-5.html (3301 words)

	USU - Vice President for Research - Scientific Misconduct - Handbook
		P. Scientific misconduct or misconduct in science means fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, using data generated by someone else without permission, or other practices that seriously deviate from those that are commonly accepted within the scientific community for proposing, conducting, or reporting research.
		If the respondent admits to the misconduct, he or she should be asked immediately to sign a statement attesting to the occurrence and extent of the misconduct, acknowledging that the statement was voluntary and stating that the respondent was advised of his or her right to seek the advice of counsel.
		In reaching a conclusion on whether there was scientific misconduct and who committed it, the burden of proof is on the institution to support its conclusions and findings by a preponderance of the evidence.
	www.usu.edu /research/areas/misconduct/handbook.cfm (10212 words)

	Scientific Misconduct (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Appropriate efforts shall be made by all individuals and bodies considering allegations of misconduct to protect the privacy of those who report apparent misconduct (claimants) and those against whom allegations of misconduct are made (respondents).
		An allegation of misconduct in research by faculty or staff will be referred to the Dean of the respondent's academic school/college or to the Director of the appropriate unit.
		If the allegations of misconduct are not substantiated, the Provost shall take appropriate actions to make that fact known within the academic community, to restore the reputation of the respondent(s) and to protect the reputation of claimant(s), unless malicious, if they were acting in good faith.
	www.montclair.edu /pages/ORSP/sci_misconduct.htm (1788 words)

	Scientific Misconduct, Error or Willful Ignorance?
		I am going to give some examples of misconduct, errors or willful ignorance that can be found readily in the chiropractic literature, to give an idea of some of the types of problems that occur.
		Overstating or misstating the results of a study is misconduct, or critical error, because it has the effect of fundamentally altering the interpretation of research.
		It also is scientific misconduct or willful ignorance to exclude from a literature review studies that refute the author's hypothesis.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/21/14/15.html (1363 words)

	USU - Vice President for Research - Scientific Misconduct
		Definition: Misconduct includes, but is not limited to, fabrication of results, falsification, plagiarism, unauthorized use of intellectual property, including data of others, and other practices that seriously deviate from commonly accepted scientific reporting procedures.
		Purpose: To distinguish misconduct from the unintentional errors and ambiguities of interpretation inherent in the scientific process, provide an environment that promotes integrity, and establish policies and procedures that deal effectively with allegations or evidence of misconduct.
		Procedures: Accusation of misconduct related to funded research must be submitted in writing through the Department Head/Center Directors and Dean of the college of the accused to the Vice President for Research (VPR).
	www.usu.edu /research/areas/misconduct (783 words)

	Online Ethics Center: ORI Model Policy for Responding to Allegations of Scientific Misconduct (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		means the person against whom an allegation of scientific misconduct is directed or the person whose actions are the subject of the inquiry of investigation.
		If an individual is unsure whether a suspected incident falls within the definition of scientific misconduct, he or she may call the Research Integrity Officer at [telephone number] to discuss the suspected misconduct informally.
		Institutional employees accused of scientific misconduct may consult with legal counsel or a non- lawyer personal adviser (who is not a principal or witness in the case) to seek advice and may bring the counsel or personal adviser to interviews or meetings on the case.
	onlineethics.org /colloq/mod.html (5193 words)

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