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Topic: Scientific opinion on climate change

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	Attribution of recent climate change - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		A summary of IPCC climate research may be found in the IPCC assessment reports; the NAS report and an overview of the report may be found here; the degree of consensus is discussed at scientific opinion on climate change.
		The attribution of climate change is discussed extensively, with references to peer-reviewed research, in chapter 12 or the IPCC TAR, which discusses The Meaning of Detection and Attribution, Quantitative Comparison of Observed and Modelled Climate Change, Pattern Correlation Methods and Optimal Fingerprint Methods.
		An essay in Science that surveyed http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/306/5702/1686 of abstracts related to climate change and concluded that most accepted the consensus is discussed further in scientific opinion on climate change.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=3201 (1187 words)

	Scientific opinion on climate change - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The statement stresses that the scientific understanding of climate change is now sufficiently clear to justify nations taking prompt action [2], and explicitly endorsed the IPCC consensus.
		On May 2, 2006, the Federal Climate Change Science Program commissioned by the Bush administration in 2002 released the first of 21 assessments that concluded that there is clear evidence of human influences on the climate system (due to changes in greenhouse gases, aerosols, and stratospheric ozone) [6].
		An overwhelming majority of the scientific community has accepted its general conclusions that climate change is occurring, is primarily a result of human emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols, and that this represents a threat to people and ecosystems." [7]
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scientific_opinion_on_climate_change (1820 words)

	more info on global warming - globle warming - globel warming
		Climate models, driven by estimates of increasing carbon dioxide and to a lesser extent by generally decreasing sulphate aerosols, predict that temperatures will increase (with a range of 1.4 to 5.8 Â°C for change between 1990 and 2100 [6]).
		Climate commitment studies predict that even if levels of greenhouse gases and solar activity were to remain constant, the global climate is committed to 0.5 Â°C of warming (some model results are as high as 1.0 Â°C) over the next one hundred years due to the lag in warming caused by the oceans.
		In particular, the change in climate forcing from greenhouse gases since 1750 was estimated to be 8 times larger than the change in forcing due to increasing solar activity over the same period [12].
	www.scipeeps.com /Fin-to-Glo/global_warming.php (4270 words)

	Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis
		Effects of climate change during the 1980s were small, and of uncertain sign.
		When climate change feedbacks are included, land uptake becomes less in all models, when compared with the situation without climate feedbacks.
		Both models represent ocean and terrestrial climate feedbacks, in a way consistent with process-based models, and allow for uncertainties in climate sensitivity and in ocean and terrestrial responses to CO and climate.
	www.grida.no /climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/096.htm (2020 words)

	The IPCC Assessment Process
		The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established in 1988 under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Meteorological Organization for the purpose of assessing "the scientific, technical and socioeconomic information relevant for the understanding of the risk of human-induced climate change.
		One critical strategy in ensuring scientific credibility and political legitimacy of IPCC reports is to strive for a fair representation of the range of scientific opinion on climate change matters.
		Points of dispute in the science of climate change are usually resolved either by developing appropriate intervals of uncertainty around certain projections or by crafting language that reflects the different viewpoints of experts within the scientific community and the reasons that the differences exist [4].
	www.ucsusa.org /global_warming/science/the-ipcc-assessment-process.html (3297 words)

	Welcome to Questinnovation.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Observational studies and climate models indicate that the climate sensitivity to doubled CO is in the range 1.5-4.5 ÃÂ°C (2.7-8.1ÃÂ°F); models referenced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predict that global temperatures may increase by between 1.4 and 5.8 ÃÂ°C (2.5 to 10.5 ÃÂ°F) between 1990 and 2100.
		However, the uncertainty is more significant regarding how much climate change should be expected in the future, and there is a hotly contested political and public debate over what, if anything, should be done to reduce or reverse future warming, and how to cope with the consequences.
		The term 'global warming' is a specific case of the more general term 'climate change' (which can also refer to cooling, such as occurs during Ice ages).
	www.questinnovations.net /Details.php?Id=8 (438 words)

	Global Warming - Crystalinks
		The scientific opinion on climate change is that the average global temperature has risen 0.6 ± 0.2 °C over the 20th century, and that it is very likely that "Most of the warming observed over the past 50 years is attributable to human activities".
		In particular, the change in climate forcing from greenhouse gases since 1750 was estimated to be 8 times larger than the change in forcing due to increasing solar activity over the same period.
		Four new papers correlating climate change with increased hurricane intensity seem to be making the case that the two phenomena are linked; a draft WMO statement acknowledges the different viewpoints.
	www.crystalinks.com /globalwarming.html (2823 words)

	BYU NewsNet - Climate Change — Scientific Opinion is Not Divided (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The NAS climate change report to President Bush offered a strong opinion confirming the IPCC findings, and this was followed by confirmation from the American Geophysical Union (AGU), the world's largest organization of earth scientists.
		The reality is that, given the prestige of the bodies weighing in on climate change, and the memberships of these groups, relative to the skeptics who've received press coverage, I reckon the ratio is something on the order of about 2500 scientists behind the consensus view versus about 6 skeptics.
		The scientific debate on the reality of climate change, and most of the causes for it, is clearly over.
	newsnet.byu.edu /story.cfm/61111 (578 words)

	Climate change: some basics
		Assessing the climatic effects of aerosols involves modeling of regional climates and of clouds, both of which are not yet very reliable.
		To further complicate matters, cloud properties may change with a changing climate, and human-made aerosols may confound the effect of greenhouse gas forcing on clouds.
		The risk of rapid climate change is linked to many other problems of concern, like population growth, poverty, loss of biodiversity, or stratospheric ozone depletion.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/sci/climate-change/basics (7932 words)

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		The IPCC was set up jointly by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme to provide an authoritative international statement of scientific opinion on climate change.
		As such, the three components of the 2001 IPCC Third Assessment Report - climate science, impacts, and mitigation - are commended to you as a key information source (indeed, as a touchstone) that is available to you and others as you continue this important dialogue about climate change and its relation to humankind.
		Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability - Contribution of Working Group II to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Third Assessment Report.
	www.house.gov /science/albritton.htm (1725 words)

	Climate Change: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The credibility of climate science, and its ability to pinpoint the causes of global warming, is critical to the Kyoto treaty negotiations.
		The Global Climate Coalition (an energy industry lobby group) and a number of self-proclaimed "contrarian" scientists immediately launched a major, organized attack designed to discredit the report's conclusions -- especially those relating to the crucial question of whether human activities are responsible for changes in the world's climate.
		Instead, climate scientists look at proxy records of climate change over long periods of time, such as fluctuating time series of tree ring widths, the deposits left from the comings and goings of glaciers, and the fluctuations of various chemical constituents in ice cores.
	www.si.umich.edu /~pne/ecofables.htm (6516 words)

	Climate Change: GSS high school curriculum education on global warming, greenhouse gases, and human impacts on the ...
		Climate Change: GSS high school curriculum education on global warming, greenhouse gases, and human impacts on the environment
		The Guide identifies scientific questions which still remain unanswered, and involves students in thinking about the economic, political, and ethical implications of regulating human activities to reduce the likelihood of global climate change.
		Climate Change is part of the GSS high school curriculum education theme Key Global Problems
	www.lhs.berkeley.edu /GSS/studentbooks/climatechange.html (239 words)

	Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis
		A main conclusion is that the ice sheets would continue to react to the imposed climatic change during the next millennium, even if the warming stabilised early in the 22nd century.
		The potential of WAIS to collapse in response to future climate change is still a subject of debate and controversy.
		However, the majority opinion of a recent expert panel reported by Vaughan and Spouge (2001) is that such outflow rates are not attainable.
	www.grida.no /climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/435.htm (1831 words)

	Climate Change
		Global warming refers to the effect on the climate of anthropogenic activities, in particular the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) and large-scale deforestation activities, which cause large amounts of ‘greenhouse gases’ to be released into the atmosphere, of which the most important is carbon dioxide.
		The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has concluded that there will be both global and regional climatic change, altered precipitation patterns, occurrence of extreme events such as droughts and hurricanes and an increase in climate variability (Houghton et al., 2001) during the next 100 years (IPCC, 1995, 2001).
		Observed species composition changes may be driven by the changes in ocean acidification and beginning with changes to species at the bottom of the food web and affecting species throughout the food web all the way to top predators in a cascade of effects.
	www.conservationinstitute.org /globalclimatechange.htm (1475 words)

	Testimony of Dr. Daniel Albritton, Director NOAA's Aeronomy Laboratory, on the finding of the recent report of the ...
		A small percentage (~2%) of the atmosphere is, and long has been, composed of greenhouse gases, which are constituents such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane that effectively prevent part of the heat radiated by the Earth's surface from otherwise escaping to space.
		The global system responds to this trapped heat with a climate that is warmer, on the average, than it would be otherwise without the presence of these gases.
		The average temperature increase in the Northern Hemisphere over the 20th century is likely to have been the largest of any century during the past 1,000 years, based on "proxy" data (and their uncertainties) from tree rings, corals, ice cores, and historical records.
	www.legislative.noaa.gov /Archives/2001/albritton031401.html (1714 words)

	The Public and Climate Change (1)
		Climate change was a subject for crackpot speculations and outright fantasy.
		While models of an unstable climate had scientific roots stretching back into the 1950s, scientists may have been encouraged to develop the models when their thinking expanded along with the shift of public opinion toward seeing global disruptions as plausible.
		Climate was now seen as one of the planet's vulnerable spots, and many people expected that whatever we did to it would be for the worse.
	www.aip.org /history/climate/Public.htm (11863 words)

	OpinionJournal - Extra
		Ambiguous scientific statements about climate are hyped by those with a vested interest in alarm, thus raising the political stakes for policy makers who provide funds for more science research to feed more alarm to increase the political stakes.
		Indeed, the success of climate alarmism can be counted in the increased federal spending on climate research from a few hundred million dollars pre-1990 to $1.7 billion today.
		Consequently, lies about climate change gain credence even when they fly in the face of the science that supposedly is their basis.
	www.opinionjournal.com /extra/?id=110008220 (1276 words)

	Climate change 101 \| Ford and TerraPass bring you Greener Miles
		Climate change is the term that describes an increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans.
		Based on basic science, observational sensitivity studies, and the climate models referenced by the IPCC, temperatures may increase by 1.4 to 5.8° C between 1990 and 2100.
		Significant climate change could potentially cause the extinction of large numbers of plants and animals.
	www.terrapass.com /ford/learningcenter.html (481 words)

	Opinion: Facing climate change
		During the coming decades, according to one worst case scenario, significant climate changes could threaten Florida's economy and lifestyle.
		Although the United States is the major polluter of greenhouse gases, the Bush administration has failed to take the matter seriously, even editing scientific reports to discredit connections between greenhouse gas emissions and climate change.
		Three initiatives aimed at reducing emissions of greenhouse gases are vying for approval as the Senate considers its controversial energy bill this week.
	www.sptimes.com /2005/06/22/news_pf/Opinion/Facing_climate_change.shtml (440 words)

	Ceres \| Press Statement of William Reilly, Re: Corporate Governance and Climate Change: Making the Connection
		There is a preponderance of scientific opinion that climate change has the potential to disrupt familiar patterns of weather and natural resource availability, disease vectors, and more.
		I think of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's conclusion, their prediction, that soil moisture will be reduced by one-third in the American West in 25 years.
		I think the corporate example is enormously valuable to the evolving debate and to an eventual consensus on climate change.
	www.ceres.org /news/news_item.php?nid=46 (565 words)

	Climate Change
		Despite the widespread agreement in the scientific community that human activity is contributing to global climate change, as demonstrated by the consensus of international experts on the IPCC, the Bush administration has sought to exaggerate uncertainty by relying on disreputable and fringe science reports and preventing informed discussion on the issue.
		According to one current government official familiar with the incident, the brochure was widely viewed as one of the agency’s successful efforts in the climate change field.
		Despite the scientific academies' statement, at the June 8th daily White House press briefing spokesman Scott McClellan rebuffed accusations that the Bush administration has actively sought to highlight the uncertainties involved in climate change science and downplay the link between the emission of heat-trapping gases and global climate change.
	www.ucsusa.org /scientific_integrity/interference/climate-change.html (2160 words)

	Climate Change 1994 - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Radiative Forcing of Climate Change and an Evaluation of the IPCC 1992 IS92 Emission Scenarios
		The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was set up jointly by the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Meteorological Organisation in 1988 to provide an authoritative international consensus of scientific opinion on climate change.
		Foreword; Part I. Radiative Forcing of Climate Change: A Summary for Policy Makers: Preface to WGI Report; Dedication; 1.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521550556 (248 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| US scientists tax Bush on climate
		The signatories, who include 12 Nobel Prize winners, say scientific integrity must be restored to policy-making.
		He said: "Across a broad range of issues, the administration has undermined the quality of the scientific advisory system and the morale of the government's outstanding scientific personnel.
		Dr Sherwood Rowland, who won a Nobel Prize for his studies of atmospheric ozone, said the consensus of scientific opinion on climate change was being ignored.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/3502867.stm (434 words)

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