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Topic: Scientific philosophy

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	Philosophy of science - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Philosophy of science is the branch of philosophy that studies the philosophical assumptions, foundations, and implications of science, including the formal sciences, natural sciences, and social sciences.
		In this respect, the philosophy of science is closely related to epistemology and the philosophy of language.
		Note that issues of scientific ethics are not usually considered to be part of the philosophy of science; they are studied in such fields as bioethics and science studies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philosophy_of_science (4996 words)

	Scientific method - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Scientific measurements taken are usually tabulated, graphed, or mapped, and statistical manipulations, such as correlation and regression, performed on them.
		Scientific quantities are often characterized by their units of measure which can later be described in terms of conventional physical units when communicating the work.
		Scientific journals use a process of peer review, in which scientists' manuscripts are submitted by editors of scientific journals to (usually one to three) fellow (usually anonymous) scientists familiar with the field for evaluation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scientific_method (6895 words)

	The Scientific Philosophy of Mario Bunge
		Social philosophy, political philosophy, legal philosophy, the philosophy of education, aesthetics, the philosophy of religion and other branches of philosophy have been excluded from the above quadrivium either because they have been absorbed by the sciences of man or because they may be regarded as applications of both fundamental philosophy and logic.
		It is intended moreover to be both exact and scientific: exact in the sense that the theories composing it have a definite mathematical structure, and scientific in that these theories be consistent with and moreover rather close to science - or rather the bulk of science.
		Part I is devoted to the philosophy of the formal and physical sciences, whereas Part II covers the philosophy of the biological and social sciences as well as of the technologies." p.
	www.formalontology.it /bungem.htm (6466 words)

	29+ Evidences for Macroevolution: Scientific "Proof", scientific evidence, and the scientific method
		All scientific statements and concepts are open to re-evaluation as new data is acquired and novel technologies emerge.
		Familiar examples of unobservable scientific discoveries are atoms, electrons, viruses, bacteria, germs, radio-waves, X-rays, ultraviolet light, energy, entropy, enthalpy, solar fusion, genes, protein enzymes, and the DNA double-helix.
		This is a complex and contentious question, and the field of inquiry known as the "philosophy of science" is committed to illuminating the nature of the scientific method.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/comdesc/sciproof.html (2066 words)

	SEP: Charles Sanders Peirce
		Philosophy must begin wherever it happens to be at the moment, he thought, and not at some supposed ideal foundation, especially not in some wrld of "private references." The only important thing in thinking scientifically to apply the scentific method itself.
		Although the scientific method will eventually converge to something, nevertheless at any temporal point in inquiry we are only at a provisional stage of it and cannot ascertain how far off we may be from the limit to which we are somehow converging.
		Peirce's understanding of scientific method, then, is not far different from the standard idea of scientific method (which perhaps itself derives historically from William Whewell and Peirce) as being the method of constructing hypotheses, deriving consequences from these hypotheses, and then experimentally testing these hypotheses (guided always by the economics of research).
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/peirce (10574 words)

	Marxism and Philosophy by Karl Korsch (1923) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		But they did not mean by this that scientific socialism or communism were primarily ‘philosophies’.They rather saw the task of their ‘scientific socialism’ as that of definitively overcoming and superseding the form and content, not only of all previous bourgeois idealist philosophy, but thereby of philosophy altogether.
		Similarly, the philosophy of this bourgeois society is unable to understand the nature of the general propositions in which the revolutionary movement of the proletariat has found its independent and self-conscious expression.
		It is a revolutionary philosophy whose task is to participate in the revolutionary struggles waged in all spheres of society against the whole of the existing order, by fighting in one specific area – philosophy.
	www.marxists.org /reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/korsch.htm (13380 words)

	Archives of Scientific Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Philosophy has always been influenced by scientific work, and its deliberations have frequently followed scientific models.
		In recent decades the University of Pittsburgh has established itself as a leader in scientific philosophy, one of the twentieth century's most important intellectual currents.
		Known as the Archives of Scientific Philosophy (ASP), these holdings include the scholarly papers of Rudolf Carnap, Hans Reichenbach, Frank Plumpton Ramsey, Paul Hertz, and Rose Rand.
	www.library.pitt.edu /libraries/special/asp/archive.html (211 words)

	20th WCP: Philosophy of Science or Scientific Philosophy?
		Here I make a humble effort at making philosophy scientific— an effort which is based on the revival of Atomism initially formulated by some ancient philosophers of the East and West: Jainas, Vaisesikas, Democritus, Beucippus and others.
		Scientific Philosophy virtually means Atomist Philosophy initially formulated by the Jainas And the Vaisesikas of the East, and the Greek atomists, Democritus, Leucippus and their followers.
		Atomists of antiquity have therefore been accused of upholding a pluralistic world-view which is not entertained in philosophy.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Meta/MetaBhat.htm (2717 words)

	The KLI Theory Lab - Epistemology, Philosophy of Science
		The essays draw on work in the history and philosophy of science, the philosophy of mind and language, the development of concepts in children, conceptual change in adults, and reasoning in human and artificial systems.
		The Philosophy of Science Association aims to further studies and freediscussion from diverse standpoints in the field of philosophy of science.
		Furthers the scientific world conception as originally put forward by the Wiener Kreis by promoting scientific philosophy and the democratization of science, understood as a process of enlightment.
	www.kli.ac.at /theorylab/Areas/EPPS.html (2449 words)

	Philosophy Forum -> "Scientific Fact" is redundant
		A scientific fact is an absolute truth that is repeatable or a observed event that is repeatable and could be absolutely true or not.
		There is also the "scientific historical fact" which is a repeatable fact concerning sciences to do with history, such as proving that Jesus's DNA is 50% like a banana's.
		And there is the "historical scientific fact" which used to be a repeatable scientific fact but isnt anymore because the facts changed.
	forum.darwinawards.com /index.php?showtopic=6528 (984 words)

	Scientific Philosophy of Science: Some Comments on Keith Campbell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Scientific facts and theories are the only things we have to rely on as a guide to action, and to reject this reliance is to reject the whole point of scientific investigation.
		I have recognized for some time that there are scientific strains in analytic philosophy (and no doubt bourgeois philosophy in general), even though these strains pale in significance when compared to dialectical materialism.
		For the most part, however, these are in highly technical areas (philosophy of language, formal logic, etc.) that are really becoming sciences independent of philosophy, and usually they concern small corners of the subjects, not the overall theory of the subject.
	members.aol.com /ScottH9999/essays/sciphi1.htm (4729 words)

	Scientific philosophy
		Early Buddhist philosophy is very close to scientific philosophy of modern times, and many a distinguished scientist has expressed great admiration for the clear exposition of the Buddha on the Nature of the Universe and the interaction between its various components.
		There were other systems of philosophy which preceded Buddhism and which envisaged the sense-data as changing manifestations of a compact, substantial and eternal principle, the Matter.
		Nagarjuna's philosophy is also called Madhyamika, because it claims to tread the middle path, which consists not in synthesizing opposed views such as "The real is permanent" and "The real is changing" but in showing the hollowness of both the claims.
	www.purifymind.com /ScientificPhi.htm (5371 words)

	The Neurath-Haller Thesis. Austria and the Rise of Scientific Philosophy
		Vienna, Neurath argues, provided especially fertile soil for the development of the scientific conception of philosophy because of the growth of liberalism in Vienna in the second half of the nineteenth century, and of an anti-metaphysical spirit which stemmed from the enlightenment, from empiricism, utilitarianism and the free trade movement of England.
		Brentano was not only sympathetic to the idea of a rigorously scientific method in philosophy; he also shared with the British empiricists and with the Vienna positivists an anti-metaphysical orientation, manifesting an especially forceful antipathy to the 'mystical paraphilosophy' of the German idealists and stressing in all his work the unity of scientific method.
		'Austrian philosophy', for all its usefulness in combining together in a single unity the philosophies of Vienna, Graz and Lemberg, of Bolzanians, Machians and Brentanists, is thus a misnomer to the degree that it suggests, erroneously, that there is a corresponding sectarian or regional or ethnic philosophy.
	ontology.buffalo.edu /smith/articles/haller.html (6137 words)

	Humbul Record : Archives of scientific philosophy in the twentieth century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Archives of scientific philosophy in the twentieth century
		These collections act as archival resources for investigating the history of scientific philosophy, that is, philosophy that has been influenced by scientific thinking and practices.
		The Philosophy Archive at the University of Konstanz.
	www.humbul.ac.uk /output/full3.php?id=9425 (261 words)

	Islamic History, Philosophy, and Scientific Thought
		Islamic Philosophy by the well-respected scholar of Islamic philosophy, Prof.
		Oliver Leaman This article surveys briefly all developments in Islamic philosophy and is hyperlinked to separate articles on each of the major figures and topics.
		Major Points in Islamic Philosophy, written by an American non-Muslim teacher of Philosophy, Wallace Provost, this article deals with a few of the issues that Muslim philosophers were concerned with.
	www.uga.edu /islam/philosophy.html (995 words)

	Scientific Research Philosophy
		It is the belief of this author that such rigour has often been lacking in previous investigations, although this is somewhat understandable given that computer science, and Artificial Intelligence in particular, are still in their formative years.
		As with the physical sciences, an important step is to eliminate the subjective and often unreliable perceptions of humans, in favour of a more objective methodology and interpretation of results.
		Although it may sometimes be a significant challenge to cast problems of imperfect information in terms of high speed computation and perfect memory, these methods promise to eventually produce the most natural solutions to the task, from a digital logic point of view.
	www.cs.ualberta.ca /~darse/msc-essay/node18.html (569 words)

	Civilization, Art, Religion, Science, Philosophy, Consciousness
		Last year I wrote: • Randomizing: An Art of Scientific Philosophy, Science of Philosophical Art, Philosophy of Artistic Science, Art of Philosophical Science, Science of Artistic Philosophy, Philosophy of Scientific Art.
		Art is to please, religion is to fear, science is to observe, philosophy is to doubt.
		Ideology is a hybrid of philosophy, science, and a lot of religion in the mix.
	www.saliu.com /civilization.html (3185 words)

	OpenEye Scientific Software \| Philosophy
		Philosophy: The most powerful force known to man.
		Our guiding philosophy is that it is sufficient to accurately quantify the shape and electrostatics of a molecule for the purposes of lead discovery.
		Following that philosophy, we provide tools that vastly increase the scale of operation of computational chemistry in drug design.
	www.eyesopen.com /about/philosophy.html (158 words)

	Scientific philosophy lecture slated (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Author Michael Friedman will present his lecture, "On the Idea of a Scientific Philosophy: Philosophy Between Science and the Humanities," as the 32nd Annual E.W. Hall Philosophy Lecture.
		Friedman is the Ruth N. Halls professor of arts and humanities, a professor of philosophy, professor of history and philosophy of science, and chair of the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at Indiana University.
		He currently serves as president of the Philosophy of Science Association and is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
	www.uiowa.edu /~fyi/issues/issues97-98/031398web/scientific_031398.html (144 words)

	Progressive Science Institute - Home
		The web site of the Progressive Science Institute, an organization that sponsors education and research on scientific philosophy free of political and religious influence.
		Glenn Borchardt, Ph.D. The Ten Assumptions of Science presents the logically coherent set of assumptions destined to define 21st century scientific philosophy.
		Although the book makes an excellent supplement to college courses in scientific philosophy, it is an astounding eye-opener for the educated reader with an interest in science and philosophy.
	www.scientificphilosophy.com (285 words)

	A SELECTIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
		Lakatos, I. (1970) ‘Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes’, in Lakatos, I and Musgrave, A, (eds.), Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, Cambridge: CUP.
		Russell, B. A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leibniz, London: George Allen and Unwin.
		Russell, B. A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leibniz, London: George Allen and Unwin, Ch.
	www.herts.ac.uk /humanities/philosophy/scibib.html (11674 words)

	Graham, D.W.: Explaining the Cosmos: The Ionian Tradition of Scientific Philosophy.
		Focusing on the scientific tradition of philosophy, Daniel Graham argues that Presocratic philosophy is not a mere patchwork of different schools and styles of thought.
		Accordingly, the history of Presocratic philosophy can be seen not as a series of dialectical failures, but rather as a series of theoretical advances that led to empirical discoveries.
		Indeed, the Ionian tradition can be seen as the origin of the scientific conception of the world that we still hold today.
	www.pupress.princeton.edu /titles/8303.html (373 words)

	Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method
		The Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method is an exciting place to study philosophy.
		The department, founded in 1946 by Professor Sir Karl Popper, is internationally recognised for its excellence in philosophy, especially in the philosophy of science and the social sciences.
		Please note all postgraduate programmes are now closed for entry in 2006.
	www.lse.ac.uk /collections/philosophyLogicAndScientificMethod (140 words)

	Tech Tok » Scientific Philosophy
		Which leads to another book, “Contemporary debates in Philosophy of Science (2004)”.
		Because Galileo saw this, and particularly because he drummed this into the scientific world, he is the father of modern physics — indeed of modern science altogether.”
		I don’t know about you, but my conclusion on this is moderately profound.
	tech.tnir.org /2005-09/scientific-philosophy (933 words)

	Philosophy of Science Resources
		The resources here range further than the traditional topics in philosophy of science to include sites pertaining to ethical issues, sites in philosophy of mind and cognitive science, and sites dealing with social issues surrounding science as well.
		Philosophy of Economics and Philosophy of Science Bibliography
		Centre for the Philosophy of the Natural and Social Science, LSE
	pegasus.cc.ucf.edu /~janzb/science (473 words)

	Scientific Philosophy
		A magical, in-depth account of extraordinary dream journeys; containing powerful life lessons and encoded information that shakes the foundations of cognition and transports the reader into alternate realms.
		Philosophizing on Reality based upon scientific understanding of the Universe, Reality, Gravity, Energy/Mass, and the Void;in relation to metaphysics and anthropology.
		A open forum in which to engage in scientific extrapolation regarding possible answers to tough questions about our universe, time and existence.
	e.webring.com /hub?ring=sciphil (602 words)

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