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	Electronic Journal of Biotechnology - Editorial
		Rigor is an attitude that contrasts with the weaknesses of human nature, does not allow laziness, the lack of attention, the acceptance of inexact methods, the adoption of groundless conclusions, accepting the predominant opinion despite the lack of data which sustain it.
		Rigor implies a structured and controlled way of planning, developing, analyzing and evaluating our research and a special care in adapting the presentation of the results to the demands of the audience we communicate the results of our investigations.
		However, the rigor of communication is going to be very different when that same work is sent to a specialized journal (i.e.: Cancer Research) than when it is presented as part of a symposium on cancer or when it is delivered as a lecture to the general public.
	www.ejbiotechnology.info /content/vol7/issue1/editorial.html (3528 words)

	Week 13, Lesson 11 :: Introduction to Qualitative Research
		Rigor in quantitative research is judged by how narrow, concise, and objective the design and analysis techniques are and how scrupulously the rules have been adhered to and applied to all decisions.
		Rigor in qualitative research is defined by quite the opposite set of criteria and is associated with being open to the data, scrupulously adhering to a specific philosophical perspective, and thoroughness in collecting data.
		Rigor is also judged by the logic of the emerging theory and whether the results are adding to what is known about a phenomenon.
	www.unc.edu /courses/2005fall/nurs/077/960/qualitative/topic1.html (232 words)

	29+ Evidences for Macroevolution: the Scientific Case for Common Descent
		Because it is so well supported scientifically, common descent is often called the "fact of evolution" by biologists.
		Scientific theories are validated by empirical testing against physical observations.
		For those interested, a brief explication of the scientific method and scientific philosophy has been included, such as what is meant by "scientific evidence", "falsification", and "testability".
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/comdesc (2151 words)

	Scientific Editor
		The Scientific Editorial Board comprises a small core group of scientist-clinician-researchers that is committed to helping Pharmacotherapy exert a positive influence on patient drug therapy, contribute to drug therapy knowledge, and produce a scientific publication of the highest scientific rigor and quality.
		Scientific Editors are empowered to serve as emissaries for the journal at national and international meetings, which includes active pursuit and invitation of appropriate, promising manuscripts and presentations to be submitted for review and publication in Pharmacotherapy.
		Scientific Editors should be nationally recognized as prominent researchers; possess an established record of sustained, high-level research; have a keen understanding of the spectrum of contemporary study design and scientific rigor; and be well versed in the issues confronting contemporary pharmacotherapeutics in order to assess the potential impact of a study submitted for publication.
	www.pharmacotherapy.org /scied.html (1118 words)

	Scientific Skepticism, CSICOP, and the Local Groups (Skeptical Inquirer July 1999)
		Specifically, scientific skepticism addresses testable claims, focusing on those that are controversial because they deal with the paranormal or the fringes of science, areas traditionally lacking adequate scientific rigor.
		Our roles are clearly defined-to defend science, to promote the scientific method as the best route to reliable knowledge about the universe, to challenge testable claims of a pseudoscientific, paranormal, or otherwise fringe nature, and to promote education, especially of science and critical thinking.
		The position of scientific skepticism is consistent, pragmatic, and allows the skeptical movement to precisely and confidently define the focus of its mission.
	www.csicop.org /si/9907/scientific-skepticism.html (1576 words)

	[Friam] (Blog) What is "Science" ?
		These questions are not usually separable in the day-to-day from questions of domain modeling, representation and results analysis, where the programmer's questions begin to overlap with questions of scientific rigor.
		Scientific effort to me has come to mean having some standards of integrity about matching assertions to method, e.g., if we say we have systematically explored a space of possibilities, then we should be able to show somebody how we have done so.
		Accordingly, my sense is that scientific methods flow from scientific ethics; the ethics are closer to the core than the method.
	www.redfish.com /pipermail/friam_redfish.com/2003-February/000046.html (453 words)

	Origins: Library
		The Road Map teams imposed a number of philosophical and scientific constraints on the definition and scope of their plans to ensure the scientific rigor, technical feasibility, and public support of its recommendations.
		The proposed program has to be able to withstand critical scientific scrutiny in light of the fundamental importance of the results and because of the intense competition for scarce budgetary resources.
		Part of this rigor is the recognition that the failure to find planets is an important result that must be statistically meaningful.
	origins.jpl.nasa.gov /library/exnps/ch02_1.html (314 words)

	Untitled Document
		There are many respectable disciplines with well-established canons of rigor (some long antedating empirical research in education), the practitioners of which ought to feel no need to disguise their work as a type of science, and whose work ought not to be dismissed as mere “throat clearing”.
		”scientific rigor” detracts from the main question at hand when one is assessing the validity or rigor of an inquiry, which is this: Has the overall case made by the investigator been established to a degree that warrants the tentative acceptance of the theoretical or empirical claims that are being put forward?
		For making a case for tentative belief is, in essence, the point of scientific inquiry, and the spelling-out clearly and explicitly of the line of reasoning used was one of the characteristics of science pointed to in the NRC report – although I now believe we should have stressed it far more than we did.
	www.ed.uiuc.edu /eps/phillips1.html (4979 words)

	The New England Skeptical Society - Articles
		We sought to examine their evidence to see if it stands up to the scientific rigor they claim to endorse.
		Their website proudly proclaims that “Our mission is to move the area of psychic phenomena out of the dark ages into the mainstream of rigorous scientific thought and inquiry.” Yet upon inspection, their methods lack the components of genuine scientific inquiry or even the most fundamental attempt at scientific rigor.
		Despite Ed’s insistence that he is engaged in scientific research, he continues to jealously horde his alleged evidence, rather than allowing it to be critically analyzed, as is necessary in genuine scientific endeavors.
	www.theness.com /articles.asp?id=39 (3255 words)

	Judging the Scientific Merit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The scientific standards for inferring causation have been clearly established and can be used to evaluate the strength of evidence included in each program evaluation.
		The Maryland Report used a scale of 1 to 5 to summarize the scientific rigor of the studies examined.
		The scores generally reflect the level of confidence that can be placed in an evaluation's conclusions about cause and effect, with a score of 5 indicating the strongest evidence and a score of 1 considered so low in scientific rigor that the results were excluded from conclusions about a topic.
	ojjdp.ncjrs.org /jjbulletin/9907_3/judge.html (344 words)

	Treatment Improvement Exchange - Documents - CSAT Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIPs) - TIP 14 - Chapter 4
		Scientific rigor is the ideal to be pursued in developing an outcomes monitoring system.
		However, there are substantial costs associated with scientific rigor, and it is unlikely that single State agencies will be able to deploy the resources required to develop an OMS as rigorous as the ideal.
		Ways to maintain scientific rigor while respecting budgeting constraints are discussed.
	www.treatment.org /Externals/Tip-14/tip-14ch4.html (8654 words)

	Ushering in the New Toxicology: Toxicogenomics and the Public Interest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Although scientific rigor is necessary for the new toxicology to move forward, the scientific and public-interest communities must ensure that inappropriate definitions of rigor, as well as proprietary interests, do not create unnecessary barriers to more effective public health protection.
		In addition to barriers within the scientific community, the emergence of these new technologies is taking place in a political context that involves a variety of stakeholders with separate agendas.
		Although scientific rigor is necessary for the new toxicology to move forward, the scientific and public-interest communities must ensure that calls for rigor are not part of a strategy of foot-dragging and stalling.
	www.ehponline.org /members/2005/7732/7732.html (5302 words)

	6moons.com - industry features: Continental Divide - Open Mind vs. Scientific Rigor
		Scientific breakthroughs nearly always rely on experiments that are predefined with regard to what methods will be applied and what one hopes to discover.
		But like any scientific process, the period of raw data generation can be endless before a pattern emerges that suggests how to catalogue those data into a hierarchy of cause and effect.
		Reporters shouldn't be afraid of making mistakes that perhaps might incite riotous laughter from a small segment of their readers with either a more solid scientific understanding or who belong to the "everything that measures identical sounds identical" religion.
	www.6moons.com /industryfeatures/commonsense/commonsense.html (1394 words)

	Con rigor - WordReference Forums
		As for Art's suggested ''rigorousness'', I would say use it if you are getting paid by the total number of letters in your translation.
		So to construct rigorousness, you start with the noun rigor, change it to an adjective, rigorous, and then make the adjective a noun by adding ness.
		O sea, "analyzed with scientific rigor" (asi se deletrea en los estados unidos..) "Under" se suele usar con estres.
	forum.wordreference.com /showthread.php?t=9687 (860 words)

	[No title]
		A scientific opinion is based only on scientific evidence and addresses only narrow issues such as whether blood at the crime scene came from a given person.
		New demands for professionalism, verifiability, and scientific rigor ushered in by DNA typing and other events have weakened that presumption and threaten to create the disastrous presumption that forensic science is “junk science.” The forensic science community has two choices.
		A scientific opinion is based only on scientific evidence and addresses only narrow issues such as whether blood at the crime scene came from a given person.OtherOther principles apply including the general principles of administration.
	alpha.fdu.edu /~koppl/fsa.doc (6612 words)

	What is Forensic Science Administration? :: Fairleigh Dickinson University
		Recent changes in the environment of forensic science have led to calls for higher standards of professionalism, verifiability, and scientific rigor in forensic science administration.
		DNA typing gained admission to US criminal courts only when was shown that the technique had passed high standards of scientific rigor.
		Shortly after the advent of DNA typing, the Supreme Court of the United States issued a new set of guidelines for the admissibility of expert witnesses in its âDaubertâ decision of 1993.
	view.fdu.edu /default.aspx?id=3947 (1507 words)

	The Dimensions of Conscious Experience
		The methodology of psychophysics was devised specifically to avoid the problem of observer subjectivity by using naïve subjects who are not informed of the theoretical significance of the experiment, with perceptual tasks limited to simple discriminations or judgements that can be reduced to a simple keypress response.
		It was this same pursuit of scientific rigor that motivated the Behaviorist movement, for there is more certainty and objectivity in behavior observed from the outside than in subjective reports of the conscious experience from the inside.
		But in the pursuit of scientific rigor, the Behaviorists threw out the baby with the bath water, and the most extreme proponents of Behaviorism even denied the very existence of a subjective conscious experience.
	cns-alumni.bu.edu /~slehar/webstuff/consc/consc.html (8274 words)

	ATSDR - Guidance for ATSDR Health Studies
		Health studies can be divided into two basic types: those that are primarily exploratory in their approach (Type-1 studies), and those that require rigorous scientific methods to evaluate specific exposure-outcome relationships (Type-2 studies).
		There are major differences between the various types of health studies and the level of scientific rigor needed to ensure quality.
		Type-2 health studies are specifically designed to test scientific hypotheses about the association between adverse health outcomes and exposure to hazardous substances in the environment.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /HS/gd1.html (5090 words)

	American Pain Society Annual Meeting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Proposals will be reviewed by the APS Scientific Program Committee, and evaluated based on the quality of the proposed programs and their relevance to the pain community.
		The proposed programs must demonstrate scientific rigor and objectivity and be free of commercial bias for or against any product.
		If a proposal is accepted by the Scientific Program Committee, the program will be scheduled as an official Corporate Satellite Symposium of the annual meeting on Thursday, May 4 or Friday, May 5 in a breakfast, lunch or dinner slot, and will be held concurrently with another Corporate Satellite Symposium.
	www.ampainsoc.org /meeting/annual_06/symposia_guidelines.htm (1484 words)

	20
		One is epistemologically scientific when one respects reason and carefully acquired data, demands coherence and consistency in explanations, recognizes the importance of instruments and mathematics in science, and knows that attempts to understand the world requires systematic study of complex interconnections.
		The epistemologically scientific person is also aware that no scientific theory can claim to be the final and never-to-be-changed explanation of any phenomenon, but is the best one available in the context of all the available information on a subject.
		Likewise some take themselves to be scientific by using technical terms and extrapolating to speculative world pictures from meticulously derived knowledge.
	www.rit.edu /~vvrsps/Comment/Comments20.htm (389 words)

	Amazon.com: Cosmic Explorers: Scientific Remote Viewing, Extraterrestrials, and a Message for Mankind: Books: Courtney ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Richard Moore, M.D. "In Cosmic Explorers Dr. Brown...clearly explains the mechanics by which scientific remote viewing is accomplished, presents verifiable demonstrations of the process, and then continues his quest to investigate extraterrestrial life." --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
		Scientific Fact: the larger the mind is, the more difficult it is to open.
		Scientific Remote viewing as a subject matter immediately sparked my interest and the book will push me to probe it more.
	www.amazon.com /Cosmic-Explorers-Scientific-Extraterrestrials-Mankind/dp/0451201051 (1772 words)

	Scientific rigor and qualitative research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Introduction: Scientific rigor is widely regarded as being exemplified by the Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT); indeed the RCT is termed the 'gold standard' of research within Cochrane literature.
		The intention of this paper is to encourage debate, and make some proposals, about what might reliably constitute scientific rigor in qualitative research.
		As well, the topic is related to a research project currently being undertaken by the authors: a study of midwives' attitudes towards research before and after exposure to the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Database within their clinical setting.
	www.cochrane.org /colloquia/abstracts/adelaide/ADELO218.htm (245 words)

	Principles of Conservation Biology - (Box) Will Scientific Rigor Always Protect Biodiversity?
		In these situations, rigorous research standards such as are required by quality professional journals, may be completely unreasonable.
		Under a strict interpretation of the DQA it could be very difficult to use a scientific investigation as the basis for listing the species for protection.
		The courts need to understand that there are reasonable limits to the level of scientific rigor that can be used to investigate potentially imperiled species.
	www.sinauer.com /groom/article.php?id=8 (546 words)

	Serono's Marketing Study Misleading to Doctors and People with MS; Lacks Scientific Rigor, Biogen Says
		These data presented are based on a study that lacks scientific rigor and presents an incomplete measure of a serious disease that must be treated over the long-term.
		The current body of evidence of the treatments for MS is based on long-term, two- to-three year rigorous clinical trials.
		Newer therapies are needed with innovative scientific approaches to treat this devastating disease.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/06-22-2001/0001519608&EDATE= (1288 words)

	APA Recommendations to the Senate on OERI's Reauthorization
		Investigator-initiated grants are recognized by all scientific agencies, including the National Institutes of Health, as an invaluable source of creative ideas and are indications of the strength of an agency’s scientific culture.
		APA recommends that the Assistant Secretary be authorized to hire a fixed number of scientific staff, rather than limiting exempted service authority staff to a percentage of agency staff, to ensure continued stability during times of staffing fluctuations.
		This will further allow OERI to instill a scientific culture within the agency, as recommended by the National Research Council’s Report “Scientific Inquiry in Education”, to be an effective federal education research agency.
	www.apa.org /ppo/issues/eoerisenrecs0502.html (790 words)

	National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR) -2003
		Indicator 8.1.1 of 3: The percentage of grantee research that is deemed to be good to excellent as reflected in the appropriateness of the designs used and the rigor with which accepted standards of scientific and/or engineering methods are applied.
		Percentage of research is deemed to be good or excellent in the appropriateness and rigor of experiment design and the rigor with which accepted standards of scientific and/or engineering methods are applied.
		This occurred because ''usefulnesss'' typically was rated higher than ''rigor.'' Given this improvement in measurement, and additional changes to the program review process focused on emphasizing accountability for results (i.e., outcomes), it is difficult to compare performance on this indicator for 2002 to previous years.
	www.ed.gov /about/reports/annual/2003report/edlite-nationalinstitutedisability.html (1889 words)

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