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	Scientific skepticism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Scientific skepticism or rational skepticism (UK spelling, scepticism) sometimes referred to as skeptical inquiry, is a scientific, or practical, epistemological position (or paradigm) in which one questions the veracity of claims unless they can be empirically tested.
		In practice, a scientific skeptic generally focuses on debunking theories which they believe to be far beyond the mainstream of science, as opposed to a professional scientist, who focuses on extending scientific knowledge.
		Scientific skepticism is different from philosophical skepticism, which questions our right to claim knowledge about the nature of the world and how we perceive it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scientific_skepticism (2141 words)

	Skepticism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For the skeptics, the logical mode of argument was untenable, as it relied on propositions which could not be said to be either true or false without relying on further propositions.
		Religious skeptics often focus on the core tenets of religions, such as the existence of divine beings or reports of earthly miracles, while scientific skeptics tend to target cryptozoology, UFO encounters, and alternative science.
		However, some supporters of scientific skepticism argue that these criticisms come from pseudoscientists, paranormalists, and spiritualists who are motivated to discredit rational investigation of their claims.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Skepticism (1481 words)

	mass media funk 3
		Scientific skepticism requires that the physical evidence be taken for what it is, not rejected on general grounds of distrust of the government.
		Scientific skepticism requires that one not speculate about evidence which is not available on the general suspicion that such evidence is being concealed.
		Scientific skepticism requires that one consider all the testimony from everyone who was present or involved in the original project, and that that testimony be evaluated against the actual evidence which exists, not against speculative evidence which some claim existed.
	skepdic.com /refuge/funk3.html (3732 words)

	Skepticism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		scientific method (that is, scientific skepticism) to evaluate the validity of claims and practices.
		Indeed, some skeptics would accuse those who maintained the impossibility of something of a lack of skepticism, as this position would entail an assertion about the true nature of the subject.
		pseudoscientists are quick to attack skeptics and skepticism in general because of resistance to their fringe ideas and theories, which lack evidence and which the scientific establishment does not accept.
	dks.thing.net /Skepticism.html (2380 words)

	In Support of Skepticism
		For centuries, science has been founded on well-established methods of scientific investigation, which include recognition that "A scientific theory must be tentative and always subject to revision or abandonment in light of facts that are inconsistent with, or falsify, the theory.
		Scientific progress is made by accepting or rejecting hypotheses at specified levels of confidence, thus embodying skepticism in the heart of scientific methodology.
		Without the boldness and perseverance of earlier skeptics, who risked ridicule and being branded as heretics, we would still believe Earth to be the center of the Universe and continents to be motionless.
	www.sws.uiuc.edu /hilites/skepticism/skepticism.htm (1064 words)

	Scientific Skepticism, CSICOP, and the Local Groups (Skeptical Inquirer July 1999)
		There are others who believe that religion is a fair topic for skeptical analysis; we will use the term rationalists to denote these, because proponents of this view often promote the idea that atheism, or at least non-theism, and skepticism are both part of the same rationalist philosophy.
		Specifically, scientific skepticism addresses testable claims, focusing on those that are controversial because they deal with the paranormal or the fringes of science, areas traditionally lacking adequate scientific rigor.
		The position of scientific skepticism is consistent, pragmatic, and allows the skeptical movement to precisely and confidently define the focus of its mission.
	www.csicop.org /si/9907/scientific-skepticism.html (1576 words)

	The New England Skeptical Society - Articles
		Skeptics often find themselves confronted with paranormal, pseudoscientific, or otherwise extraordinary claims, and careful examination often leads the skeptic to the conclusion that such claims are not likely to be true.
		Although they will claim that the scientific evidence has led them to their conclusion that evolution is wrong, evolution denial remains mostly isolated to religious belief systems which maintain as an important tenet of their faith a divine creation.
		We must as skeptics remain dedicated to the methods of skeptical inquiry, and remain vigilant against adopting the current conclusions of skeptics as a belief unto themselves, to be defended at all costs.
	www.theness.com /articles.asp?id=23 (6136 words)

	Scientific skepticism at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Skeptics ideally do not rely on faith, but instead look for ways in which claims can be verified or falsified.
		Many self-professed skeptics are atheists or agnostics, and have a naturalistic worldview, but Martin Gardener is an example of a committed skeptic with a religious world-view.
		A certain skepticism is part of scientific methodology; for instance an experimental result is not regarded as established until it can be shown to be repeatable.
	www.wiki.tatet.com /Scientific_skepticism.html (1642 words)

	Skepticism
		'Skeptic' is a word that can be found in frequent use on the Internet, especially by individuals who think of themselves as scientific rationalists and by organisations such as CSICOP and COPUS whose stated mission is to spread real scientific knowledge and to defeat superstition and ignorance.
		There is a long established principle of scientific discovery, the Principle of Tenacity, which says that scientists are right to be reluctant to give up the tried and tested in favour of a radically new theory merely because of a few apparently anomalous experimental results.
		And the 'skeptics' who censor and ridicule in the name of science, whether they know it or not, are the agents not of knowledge but of pseudoscience.
	www.alternativescience.com /skepticism.htm (634 words)

	skepticism on Encyclopedia.com
		SKEPTICISM [skepticism] [Gr.,=to reflect], philosophic position holding that the possibility of knowledge is limited either because of the limitations of the mind or because of the inaccessibility of its object.
		The skeptical aspect of Immanuel Kant's philosophy is exemplified by his agnosticism ; his antinomies of reason demonstrate that certain problems are insoluble by reason.
		Scientific skepticism, CSICOP, and the local groups.(Special Issue: Science and Religion: Conflict or Conciliation?)(Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/s1/skeptici.asp (785 words)

	sci.skeptic FAQ: The Frequently Questioned Answers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Martin Gardner is a "dry" skeptic and one of the founders of CSICOP.
		Much of current experimental psi research is not only scientific, but adheres to more rigorous standards than are found in much contemporary work in the social and physical sciences, largely because the investigators understand the technical difficulties as well as the implications of positive findings for our general scientific models.
		Skepticism is usually directed at claims that contradict facts and theories that are very near the top of the scale.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/skeptic-faq (20637 words)

	Massimo's Skeptic Web (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However, scientific skepticism immediately embarks on a slippery slope because testable religious claims, such as those of creationists, faith healers, and miracle men are in fact amenable to scientific skepticism, so that religion is not entirely out of the scope of skeptical inquiry.
		Scientific skepticism trades off the breadth of its inquiry (which is limited) for the power of its methods (which, being based on empirical science, are the most powerful devised by humankind so far).
		Scientific rationalism, on the other hand, retains as much of the power of science as possible, but uses other instruments – such as philosophy and logic – to expand the scope of its inquiry.
	life.bio.sunysb.edu /~massimo/essays/science-religion.html (4736 words)

	Personal Gods, Deism, & the Limits of Skepticism
		Scientific skepticism is the position that skepticism is possible only in regard to questions and claims that can be investigated empirically (i.e., scientifically).
		All we are saying is "show us." The main reason I prefer scientific rationalism to scientific skepticism (which is more akin to the philosophical position known as empiricism and espoused by many English philosophers between the 17th and 19th centuries) comes down to a matter of which trade-offs one is more willing to accept.
		Scientific skepticism trades off the breadth of its inquiry (which is limited) for the power of its methods (which, being based on empirical science, are the most powerful devised thus far).
	psy.ucsd.edu /~eebbesen/Psych110/SciRelig.htm (4375 words)

	Local Skeptics Groups (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Skeptic is exceptionally thorough in its examination of all sides of “extraordinary claims, revolutionary ideas and the promotion of science.” Its articles are noteworthy for their depth and academic style.
		Another source of the controversy is the term “skeptic” which is also often used to denote “religious skepticism.” Skeptics organizations, however, have in most cases avoided untestable belief-based issues, preferring to remain scientific organizations.
		Scientific integrity and acceptance of member’s theistic beliefs are the most commonly cited reasons for avoiding an affiliation with atheist groups.
	home.comcast.net /~dchapman2146/pf_v6n1/LocalSkeptics.htm (2450 words)

	Scientific skepticism - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Scientific skepticism is a scientific, or practical, position in which one does not accept the veracity of claims until solid evidence is produced.
		Some claims, such as water dowsing, ESP, and creationism, have been tested (and failed the tests) often enough that we can provisionally conclude that they are not valid.
		From a scientific point of view, theories are judged on many criteria, such as falsifiability, Ockham's Razor, and explanatory power, as well as the degree to which their predictions match experimental results.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Scientific_skepticism (444 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Knowledge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		For example, one externalist response to the Gettier problem is to say that the justified, true belief must be caused (in the right sort of way) by the relevant facts.
		Philosophical skepticism is the position which critically examines whether the knowledge and perceptions people have is true; adherents of this position hold that one can never obtain true knowledge, since justification is never certain.
		This is a different position from Scientific skepticism, which is the practical stance that one should not accept the veracity of claims until solid evidence is produced.
	www.fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Knowledge (1127 words)

	Science & Technology at Scientific American.com: Skepticism toward The Skeptical Environmentalist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Lomborg, a Danish political scientist with a background in statistics, argues in his text that claims made by environmentalists about global warming, overpopulation, energy, deforestation, species loss, water shortages, and a variety of other issues are exaggerations unsupported by a proper analysis of environmental data.
		His text, they said, misrepresented the actual positions of environmentalists and scientists, and his analysis was marred by invalidating errors that include a narrow, biased reading of the literature, an inadequate understanding of the science, and quotations taken out of context.
		In its January 2002 issue, Scientific American published the feature "Misleading Math about the Earth," in which four environmental experts—Stephen Schneider, John Holdren, John Bongaarts and Thomas Lovejoy—criticized The Skeptical Environmentalist’s arguments on global warming, energy, overpopulation and biodiversity.
	sciam.com /article.cfm?articleID=00000B96-9517-1CDA-B4A8809EC588EEDF (273 words)

	Parapsychology, Anomalies, Science, Skepticism, and CSICOP
		Consequently, parapsychologists have justification for their complaint that the scientific community is dismissing their claims without a fair hearing.
		Ironically, the very same skeptics who have attempted to block psi research through the use of rhetoric and ridicule have also been responsible for perpetuating the many popular myths associated with psychic phenomena.
		Those who have had the experiences but encounter the debunking attitudes of apparent “scientific authorities” are likely to conclude that science is a dogma and inapplicable to important aspects of their lives.
	blavatskyarchives.com /zeteticism.htm (2290 words)

	Crank Dot Net \| skepticism
		It is an anchor point to scores of local and regional skeptic groups and humanist groups across the United States and throughout the world.
		Unbridled gullibility can destroy science, but unbridled skepticism is no less a threat because it brings both the excessive preservation of the status quo and the supression of unconventional ideas.
		"Skepticism or debunking often receives the bad rap reserved for activities -- like garbage disposal -- that absolutely must be done for a safe and sane life, but seem either unglamorous or unworthy of overt celebration.
	www.crank.net /skepticism.html (5287 words)

	Quotes for the Openminded Scientist
		Too much skepticism - especially rejection of new ideas before they are adequately tested - and you're not only unpleasantly grumpy, but also closed to the advance of science.
		If you are too much in the habit of being skeptical about everything, you are going to miss or resent it, and either way you will be standing in the way of understanding and progress.
		This is no reason for the skeptical scientist to see openmindedness as foolish gullibility, nor for the maverick scientist to assume that all skeptics are narrow-minded bigots.
	www.eskimo.com /~billb/weird/skepquot.html (1972 words)

	LookSmart - Directory - Scientific Skepticism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Scientific Skepticism - Incredulous scientists and amateur debunkers can join societies, locate references, and join newsgroups.
		Committee for Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal scrutinizes claims of paranormal activities.
		New England Skeptical Society presents a categorized listing of descriptions and skeptical viewpoints on topics like pseudo-sciences and UFOs.
	lsxml.looksmart.com /p/browse/us1/us317836/us317914/us1157486/us56582? (159 words)

	Skeptics info
		Extraordinary claims that are testable ought to be tested and that is the basis for scientific skepticism: extraordinary claims demand extraordinary evidence.
		The New York Area Skeptics offer a downloadable tutorial explaining the difference between science and pseudo-science.
		The Skeptic Tank - A gold-mine of skeptical files for the asking.
	www.geocities.com /Area51/Corridor/8148 (608 words)

	Closeminded Science
		Denied imperfections and errors are free to grow without limit, and Skepticism is not immune to this problem.
		Unbridled gullibility can destroy science, but unbridled disbelief is no less a threat because it brings both a tolerance for bias and ridicule as well as the supression of untested new ideas.
		Scientific belief as obedience to authority, R.A. McConnell
	www.eskimo.com /~billb/weird/wclose.html (539 words)

	scientific investigation - welcome to scientific investigation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Vector Scientific is a forensic engineering consulting firm specializing in traffic accident reconstruction, biomechanics, animation, and expert witness services for plaintiff and defense attorneys including criminal and insurance companies.
		A range of scientific and analytical tests were done to test the effectiveness of Cellumend cellulite cream. It is the most effective cellulite remedy on the market today.
		The Minnesota Concrete Council (MCC) is dedicated to advancing education, technical practice, scientific investigation and research into cast-in-place construction by organizing the efforts of its members for a non-profit public service. Membership represents design, construction and support industries associated with reinforced and post-tensioned concrete construction.
	www.dkinvestigation.com /scientificinvestigation (1192 words)

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