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Topic: Scintillator

	Crystal and Plastic Scintillator Materials
		Calcium fluoride activated by Europium is light scintillators are used for detection of charged particles and soft gamma ray up to several hundreds keV.
		Cesium Iodide activated by thallium is a scintillation material with high absorption power and can be used as an efficient gamma ray absorber.
		Wavelength of scintillation emission is about 535 nm, similar as BGO (480 nm), which is ideal for Photodiode and Avalanche Diode readout.
	www.marketech-scintillators.com (0 words)

	Poly-Metric Scintillator Faceting Machine
		The Poly-Metric Scintillator is not as well known as the Ultra Tec, but it is one the finest faceting machines available at any price.
		The Scintillator's massive mast is clamped down in place on its rail with two locking knobs.
		To set the Scintillator for a hard stop, the fine angle adjustment knob is moved past the plunger of the dial indicator.
	www.facetingmachines.com /scintillator.shtml (269 words)

	Scintillator - ExampleProblems.com
		Scintillators are defined by their short fluorescence decay times and optical transparency at wavelengths of their own specific emission energy, characteristics which set them apart from phosphors.
		Most scintillators for common use will come in solid state form with the commonest detectors being made of thallium-doped sodium iodide crystals; their popularity owing to a high impinging radiation to output light conversion efficiency.
		However, organic liquid scintillating fluids are well-suited for detecting very low energy particle radiation such as beta radiation from tritium by simply immersing the sample to be tested in the scintillation fluid, thereby negating detector absorption problems due to the very short mean free paths associated with low energy particles.
	www.exampleproblems.com /wiki/index.php?title=Scintillator&printable=yes (354 words)

	Scintillator (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A scintillator is a device or substance that absorbs high energy (ionizing) electromagnetic or charged particle radiation then, in response, fluoresces photons at a characteristic Stokes-shifted (longer) wavelength, releasing the previously absorbed energy.
		Scintillators are defined by their short fluorescence decay times and optical transparency at wavelengths of their own specific emission energy, characteristics which set them apart from phosphor s.
		However, organic liquid scintillating fluids are well suited for detecting very low energy particle radiation such as beta radiation from tritium by simply immersing the sample to be tested in the scintillation fluid, thereby negating detector absorption problems due to the very short mean free paths associated with low energy particles.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Scintillator.html (487 words)

	Solubility of Radio Nuclides in dilute Acid and Liquid Scintillator
		The activity removal observed in the scintillator soak is miniscule.
		Scintillator soaking is largely ineffective in removing surface activities.
		Limits obtained after counting soak scintillator are therefore not a direct measure of the activity present on the source's surface.
	bama.ua.edu /~andreas/solubility.html (1708 words)

	Scintillator Information
		Scintillators are defined by their short fluorescence decay times and optical transparency at wavelengths of their own specific emission energy, characteristics which set them apart from phosphors.
		There, a scintillator converts their energy to light of a wavelength which can be detected by inexpensive or easy to handle detectors such as photomultiplier tubes (PMTs).
		Most scintillators for common use are inorganic crystals or plastics, the most common being thallium-doped sodium iodide crystals, which have a high radiation-to-light conversion efficiency.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Scintillator (569 words)

	Scintillation Counters
		A scintillation counter is composed of four main components: a sheet of scintillator, a light guide, a photomultiplier and the electronics in the p.m.
		Scintillation counters typically have a poor spatial resolution (equal to the size of the counter, which can be anywhere between a square cm and a square metre) but, at least for small counters, a very good time resolution.
		Layers of crossed scintillation counters are also used to form a hodoscope, where the position of the particle can be determined from the coincidence between signals from counters in the different layers.
	www.shef.ac.uk /physics/teaching/phy311/scintillator.html (768 words)

	SCINTILLATOR - Emoting Style
		Scintillators are as athletic of mind as of body and harbour an artistic nature, as though born to perform and create.
		Scintillators filter life through their physical body, so their life approach tends to be more reactive than proactive—and can be more harmful than beneficial.
		The single greatest challenge for Scintillators is to develop a strong belief in self; to trust no image other than the one reflected in their hand-held mirror.
	homepage.mac.com /bahlberg/Ansir/Scintillator.html (2017 words)

	Scintillation Counters
		Scintillation counters typically have a poor spatial resolution (equalto the size of the counter, which can be anywhere between a square cm anda square metre) but, at least for small counters, a very good timeresolution.
		Layers of crossed scintillation counters are also used to form a hodoscope,where the position of the particle can be determined from the coincidencebetween signals from counters in the different layers.
		Because of their short radiationlength, inorganic scintillators make sensitive electromagneticcalorimeters, and are often used to detect medium energy gamma rays.
	www.shef.ac.uk /physics/research/pppa/phy6040/phy6040det/scintillator.html (705 words)

	Heated scintillator - Patent 4810885
		In imaging applications, a scintillation flash is associated with an X-Y position (referenced to the plane of the sensitive surface of the scintillator).
		However, a scintillator is not infinitesimally thin, and as a result, the apparent X-Y location of a scintillation flash may be, and usually is, different from the location of the scintillation event which generated the flash.
		When a scintillation flash is detected by the photodetectors 24, the output signal representing the flash is analyzed to determine the rate at which the flash decays.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4810885.html (2569 words)

	Scintillator (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A scintillator is a device or substance that absorbs high energy (ionizing) electromagnetic or charged particle radiation then, in response, fluoresces photons at a characteristic Stokes-shifted (longer) wavelength, releasing the previouslyabsorbed energy.
		Scintillators are defined bytheir short fluorescence decay times and optical transparency at wavelengths of their own specific emission energy,characteristics which set them apart from phosphors.
		The shorter a scintillator'sdecay time, that is, the faster the duration of its flashes of fluorescence are, the less so called "dead time" the detector willhave and and the more ionizing events per unit of time it will be able to detect.
	www.therfcc.org /scintillator-38371.html (257 words)

	Scintillator panel, radiation image sensor, and method of making scintillator panel - Patent 6635877
		A scintillator panel according to claim 2, wherein said protective film includes a moisture-resistant protective layer which is made of polyparaxylylene and formed so as to come into contact with said scintillator.
		A scintillator panel according to claim 1, wherein side faces of said optical members which are not adjacent each other are provided with a light-shielding material having a light transmissivity of 50% or less.
		The optical image generated within the scintillator 18 enters the optical members 12, 14 from their entrance end faces 12a, 14a, and propagates through the optical members 12, 14, so as to be emitted from their exit end faces 12b, 14b.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6635877.html (5117 words)

	Scintillation Materials - High Purity Crystals for Detectors in Nuclear Medical Imaging - Data by Si
		Scintillation is the process by which a material converts radiation into light.
		The use of scintillation in inorganic salts to detect radiation dates back over a century to when it was first used in the discovery and calibration of radioactivity.
		The ever more demanding imaging and exploratory applications call for the next generation of scintillation detectors to have very high response rates, be highly sensitive to low amounts of radiation and be tunable to specific radiation types.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=2960 (692 words)

	Method and apparatus for depositing scintillator material on radiation imager - Patent 6146489
		Radiation incident on the scintillator is absorbed, resulting in the generation of optical photons which, in turn, are detected by the photosensor array to generate a corresponding electrical signal.
		Adhesive rim 58 is bonded to substrate surface 52 to provide a seal to prevent leakage or migration of scintillator material being deposited from the active area of the array to the inactive area of the array.
		In preparation for deposition of scintillator material on detector array, mask 66 is aligned with detector array 50 so that mask plate inner periphery substantially aligns (that is, within about.+-.0.005" or 0.127 mm) with the outer periphery of array active portion 54 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6146489.html (2490 words)

	Prototype Construction (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The first two layers of the stack differ from the others in that 5-mm thick scintillator is used, allowing their future use as a ‘preshower’ detector.
		The scintillator sheets within the calorimeter were machined into ‘megatiles’.
		An optical connection was made, use a ten-fiber optical connector produced by DDK Electronics, at the wall of the light-tight box housing the megatiles.
	www.star.bnl.gov /STAR/html/fpd_l/t438_results/Prototype_Construction.htm (621 words)

	ULTRAVIOLET EMITTING SCINTILLATORS FOR OIL DETECTION - Patent 20060027742
		A radiation detector is optically coupled to a scintillator material having a cubic garnet host and praseodymium distributed within the host, wherein the praseodymium acts as an activator, and wherein the scintillator material emits ultraviolet radiation in response to stimulating gamma ray radiation.
		The detector and the scintillator material are lowered below the surface of the earth, and ultraviolet radiation emitted by the scintillator material in response to stimulating gamma ray radiation reflected by hydrogen bearing compounds indicating the presence of oil is detected by the detector.
		Peak wavelengths of the scintillator are typically chosen to overlap the sensitivity for a radiation detector, with a wavelength between about 250 and 450 nm, more typically about 250 to about 350 nm, according to one embodiment.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /20060027742.html (5124 words)

	Direct csi scintillator coating for improved digital x-ray detector assembly longevity patent invention (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Photons traveling down the scintillator needles tend to be contained within the individual needle due to the higher refractive index of scintillator material over air, provided that the individual scintillator needles remain separated.
		A third source of moisture is the moisture that is absorbed by the CsI scintillator material during X-ray detector assembly fabrication outside of the dry vacuum environment before sealing the detector substrate to the moisture resistant cover.
		The "encapsulating coating" as used herein is defined to mean that the encapsulating coating is deposited between the scintillator needle structure all the way to the bottom of each of the scintillator needles along all of the sidewalls of all of the scintillator needles.
	www.freshpatents.com /Direct-csi-scintillator-coating-for-improved-digital-x-ray-detector-assembly-longevity-dt20051229ptan20050285045.php (1828 words)

	Search: Scintillator
		The energy conversion efficiency (or fraction of the X-ray energy which appears as scintillation light) for NaI(Tl) is 0.12, for CsI(Na) is 0.10,...
		The Poly-Metric Scintillator is not as well known as the Ultra Tec, but it is one th...
		The scintillator detector is made up of a special piece of plastic called a...
	www.haggle.com /webmkt.haggle/search/web/Scintillator/-/-/1/-/-/-/1/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/302349/right (237 words)

	Scintillation Detectors - Plastic Scintillator
		A scintillator is an organic plastic sheet (there are also liquid scintillators), which fluoresces photons when hit by a particle such as a muon, alpha particles etc. Usually extremely sensitive photomultiplier tubes (PMT) are connected to the scintillators to measure the photons (which knock off photo-electrons in the tube).
		The principle of the scintillation detector is basically the same as with Geiger-Müller tubes or ionization chambers - two scintillators with two photomultiplier tubes are connected to a coincidence detector.
		This sort of detection requires a gamma scintillator (NaI - sodium iodide scintillator; plastic scintillators are not suitable for energy determination) of large area, but small volume.
	www.cosmicrays.org /muon-scintillation.php (220 words)

	[No title]
		The scintillator detector is made up of a special piece of plastic called a `scintillator'.
		When fast moving, charged particles, such as cosmic rays pass through the scintillator they excite the atoms in the plastic by giving them some energy (the cosmic ray then slows down a little).
		The scintillator and the photomultiplier are housed in a dark box so that the only light detected is caused by cosmic rays.
	www.ast.leeds.ac.uk /haverah/detector.shtml (0 words)

	ⓕⓔⓡⓓⓕⓡⓞⓖ The Scintillator
		The Scintillator replaces the text of the containing document object by placing each character of that text inside a brand-new SPAN element.
		Since it uses the object.cloneNode, object.replaceNode and object.createNode methods of the document object model, the HTML you use inside the containing document object is preserved.
		Remember...when applying styles to the elements inside the containing document object, any color values of those nested elements is overwritten.
	www.ferdfrog.com /javascript/dhtml/text/scintillator.asp (103 words)

	Scintillator crystals, method for making same, use thereof patent invention
		[0003] A scintillator crystal is a crystal which is transparent in the scintillation wavelength range, which responds to incident radiation by emitting a light pulse.
		This scintillating material, discovered in 1948 by Robert Hofstadter and which forms the basis of modern scintillators, still remains the predominant material in this field in spite of almost 50 years of research on other materials.
		These scintillating materials have quite useful energy resolutions, of the order of 7%, and decay time constants of the fast scintillation component which are fairly low, especially between 25 and 50 ns.
	www.freshpatents.com /Scintillator-crystals-method-for-making-same-use-thereof-dt20060907ptan20060197026.php (1229 words)

	Photoelectron yield analysis
		In this case, the goal is to determine the transverse uniformity of the light output from a 5-mm thick SCSN-81 scintillator tile comprising one layer of an EEMC tower.
		Scintillation light from the tile is collected by a 0.83 mm diameter wave-length shifting (WLS) optical fiber, produced by Kuraray.
		The pulse height distribution from the trigger scintillator is shown in the bottom right pixel of the figure.
	www.iucf.indiana.edu /Experiments/STAR/optics/analysis.html (562 words)

	Scintillator Response
		The basic principle of pulse height spectroscopy is that the light output of a scintillator is proportional to the energy deposited in a crystal.
		The energy resolution of a scintillation detector is a true detector property, limited by the physical characteristics of the scintillator and the PMT or other readout device.
		Am, cause scintillations in the crystal that are detected by the PMT (or the photodiode) of the detector.
	www.scionixusa.com /pages/navbar/scin_detect/scin_response.html (681 words)

	Cosmic Ray Detector - Making of Scintillators
		Cutting scintillator requires professional help and equipment since scintillator is not very solid material and it's very easy to melt or crack it.
		After the scintillator are cut into desired shape and size, polish all sides of the scintillator, except the top and bottom surface.
		After the scintillator is done being polished, it is ready to be glued to the phototube.
	www.lbl.gov /abc/cosmic/more/Henry/page1.htm (619 words)

	Crystal and Plastic Scintillator Materials
		Calcium fluoride activated by Europium is light scintillators are used for detection of charged particles and soft gamma ray up to several hundreds keV.
		Wavelength of scintillation emission is about 535 nm, similar as BGO (480 nm), which is ideal for Photodiode and Avalanche Diode readout.
		Production technology which is under continuous development allows to prepare uniform scintillators ensuring high energetic and special resolution of the detecting assembles on accelerators.
	www.marketech-scintillators.com /index.html (957 words)

	Liquid Scintillator R&D (Site not responding. Last check: )
		These are plotted with the emission spectra of two scintillator types as overlays (scaled to an arbitrary height).
		The Bicron 517 scintillator is the current favorite; the 404 scintillator was represented to me (RWH) as more typical of solid scintillators but possible in a liquid.
		The waveshifting fiber absorption (blue) and re-emission (green) spectra for Bicron 91a and Bicron 92 fibers is plotted from numbers taken from a similar plot in the Bicron literature.
	mimosa.astro.indiana.edu /minos/fls_r_and_d (184 words)

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