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Topic: Scleractinia

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	Scleractinia
		The Scleractinia (scler = hard, actinia = ray), or stony star corals, are polyp animals that are found exclusively in marine habitats.
		The most recent taxonomic revision of the Scleractinia (Veron, 1995, 2000) divides the order into 13 suborders of which 7 have living representatives.
		Nine of these suborders were present in the Mid-Triassic (240 million years ago) when the Scleractinia first appear in the fossil record.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Scleractinia&contgroup=Zoantharia (493 words)

	Zoantharia
		An alternative hypothesis for the relationship of Scleractinia to the extant, non-skeletalized zoantharians is that the soft-bodied groups are derived from scleractinians by the loss of the skeleton.
		Buddemeier and Fautin (1996) estimated from this analysis that actiniarian and scleractinian/corallimorpharian lineages diverged 75 mya, and the corallimorpharian lineage diverged from the scleractinian lineage 55 mya.
		Scleractinia and Actiniaria is each monophyletic; Corallimorpharia is not monophyletic and, although it is most closely related to Scleractinia, its relative placement - basal to or within Scleractinia -- is unresolved.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Zoantharia&contgroup=Anthozoa (5259 words)

	Loeser, reviews
		Löser, H. "Kuzmicheva, E.I. [Skeletal morphology, systematics and evolution of the Scleractinia.] - Trudy Paleontologicheskogo instituta, 286: 211 pp., 32 pls.; Moskva." -- Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, (II) 2003, 5/6: 677-678.
		The oldest Jurassic cyathophorid coral (Scleractinia) from siliciclastic environments of the Kachchh Basin, western India.
		A new early Cretaceous coral (Anthozoa; Scleractinia; Dendrophylliina) and its evolutionary significance.
	www.paleotax.de /coral/loe_rev.htm (2194 words)

	GulfBase - Nearshore Hardbottom Characterizations from North Collier County
		The overall averages for major parameters were: relief 16 cm, sediment depth 6 cm, sand cover 32%, macroalgae cover 25%, scleractinia density 1.3 square m.
		Scleractinia density was surprisingly high for this turbid nearshore habitat.
		This suggests the habitat was chronically disturbed with respect to Scleractinia recruitment in the last decade.
	www.gulfbase.org /project/view.php?pid=nhcfncc (345 words)

	Referencias. COCCYTAC. Mexico. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A revision of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Galápagos and Cocos Islands.
		Dinesen, Z.D. A revision of the coral genus Leptoseris (Scleractinia: Fungiina: Agariciidae).
		New records for hermatypic corals (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) in the Gulf of California, with an historical and biogeographical discussion.
	www.coccytac.ibecmx.org /referencias1.html (4486 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		-The Scleractinia, which are one of the most important builders of modern reefs, have been considered to have first appeared in the Middle Triassic.
		The Paleozoic scleractinians evolved within the framework of their basic body plan and a direct derivation of the Scleractinia from the Rugosa is not probable.
		Other examples of Paleozoic Scleractinia and scleractiniamorphs will be found, probably in shallow-water reefal facies or deeper-water communities, bridging the stratigraphic gaps in occurrence and elucidating the origin of the Scleractinia and their body plan.
	www.uic.edu /orgs/paleo/24-2/Pb242Eza.htm (247 words)

	SCLERACTINIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		All living corals with stony skeleton are scleractinia.
		Like rugose corals scleractinia may found by themselves as an organism or in a colonial mass.
		The development of scleractinia is a distinguishing factor of this sub-class.
	hoopermuseum.earthsci.carleton.ca /coral/SCLERACT.htm (134 words)

	ATJ's Marine Aquarium Site - Coral Growth
		The purpose of this study was to measure the growth rate of a number of corals over a set period and project the annual growth rate of the colony.
		Three scleractinians were measured for skeletal growth: Acropoa "Dallas Warren" ((Scleractinia: Acroporidae), Seriatopora hystrix (Scleractinia: Pocilloporidae) and Fungia sp.
		(Scleractinia: Fungiidae) and one for polyp division: Favia sp, (Scleractinia: Faviidae).
	www.petsforum.com /personal/trevor-jones/coral_growth.html (946 words)

	Hall of Fame: Steve Cairns
		A checklist of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Gulf of Mexico, with the description of a new species.
		New records of azooxanthellate stony corals (Cnidaria: Scleractinia and Stylasteridae) from the Neogene of Panama and Costa Rica.
		A revision of the shallow-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia of the western Atlantic.
	www.medusozoa.com /scairns.html (1281 words)

	James E. Sorauf
		Paleontology: morphology and systematics of Rugosa and Scleractinia; diagenesis of coral skeletal carbonate; biomineralization of modern and fossil corals.
		Active research is focusing on the microstructure and microarchitecture of modern reef corals, with present emphasis on annual density banding, its causes and its implications.
		Sorauf, J. and Cuif, J. Biomineralization and diagenesis in the Scleractinia, Part 2, diagenesis.
	www.geol.binghamton.edu /faculty/sorauf/sorauf.html (346 words)

	Cuif & Perrin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Cuif J.-P. and Perrin C. - Micromorphology and microstructure as expressions of scleractinian skeletogenesis in Favia fragum (Esper, 1795) (Faviidae, Scleractinia).
		Microstructural differences observable within septa are currently recognized as major phylogenetic criteria among Scleractinia.
		This, however, may result from the numerous uncertainties concerning the microstructural pattern of species upon which major taxa are based.
	www.mnhn.fr /publication/zoosyst/z99n2a1.html (349 words)

	Anthozoa Fossil Record
		Both tabulate and rugose corals disappeared in the Permo-Triassic mass extinction about 245 million years ago.
		In the middle Triassic, a new clade of corals appeared, the Scleractinia.
		The Scleractinia do not appear to be close relatives of either the Tabulata or the Rugosa, and probably evolved from sea anemone-like ancestors that have not been preserved as fossils.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /cnidaria/anthozoafr.html (659 words)

	GulfBase - Dr. Stephen D. Cairns
		Cairns is a Research Zoologist and Curator of Cnidaria with the Smithsonian Institution.
		His current projects include the study of the biogeographic affinities of the deep-water Scleractinia and Octocorallia using cluster analysis and multi-dimensional scaling techniques.
		GulfBase is a project of the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies at
	www.gulfbase.org /person/view.php?uid=scairns (145 words)

	Stolarski_publications
		Origin and phylogeny of Guyniidae (Scleractinia) in the light of microstructural data.
		Jurassic Thecocyathidae (Scleractinia) from the Central Southern Alps: taphonomy and evolutionary significance.
		Early ontogeny of the skeleton of Recent and fossil Scleractinia and its phylogentic significance.
	www.paleo.pan.pl /people/Stolarski/Stolarski_publications.htm (536 words)

	[No title]
		Members of Corallimorpharia may form an order, as currently constituted.
		Alternatively, members of Corallimorpharia may belong entirely or partly, to Actiniaria or Scleractinia.
		I have done a preliminary analysis based on 18 morphological and ecological characters of the type species of each of the 13 genera that constitute Corallimorpharia.
	web.nhm.ku.edu /inverts/ha-rim/Abstract_Oral.doc (171 words)

	Hexacoral Author Details
		Cairns S. A checklist of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Gulf of Mexico, with the description of a new species
		Cairns S. Catalog of the type specimens of stony corals (Milleporidae, Stylasteridae, Scleractinia) in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.
		Cairns S. and Keller N. New taxa and distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical south-west Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology
	hercules.kgs.ku.edu /hexacoral/anemone2/authordetail.cfm?authorid=952 (1227 words)

	Stephen D. Cairns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Systematics, zoogeography mineralogy, and phylogeny of Neogene to Recent Scleractinia (deep water and reef corals) and Stylasteridae (hydrocorals); coral reef biology.
		I am currently studying the taxonomy and distribution of the deep-water octocorals of the western Atlantic.
		I have just concluded a manuscript on the azooxanthellate Scleractinia of Australia.
	www.si.edu /ofg/Staffhp/cairnss.htm (228 words)

	ARKive species \| Stony corals Order Scleractinia
		In addition to CITES, regions and countries may have legislation banning or limiting the collection or trade of scleractinian coral.
		Order Scleractinia, commonly known as the stony corals, is a large and diverse group, containing approximately 1400 species.
		All stony corals secrete a calcium carbonate (limestone) skeleton.
	www.arkive.org /coral/Coral/scleractinia_intro.html (156 words)

	A NEW EARLY CRETACEOUS CORAL (ANTHOZOA; SCLERACTINIA; DENDROPHYLLIINA) AND ITS EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE Journal of ...
		Based on corallite configuration, growth form and analogy with Acropora, Blastozopsammia had a relatively high degree of colony integration and may have been zooxanthellate.
		The combination of an axial corallite with radially arrayed secondary corallites has been regarded as one of the morphological and ecological pinnacles of coral evolution, yet it is rare among the Scleractinia.
		This growth form has not been recognized in any Cenozoic dendrophylliids.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_200405/ai_n9377502 (988 words)

	Chapter 2: Biodiversity of Southeast Asian coral reefs
		Scientists are just beginningto understand the potential diversity of coral reefs; it is estimated that only 10 percent of marine species associated with coral reefshave been identified and described.
		C.C. Wallace, "Journey to the Centre of the Centre: Origins of High Marine Faunal Diversity in Central Indonesia from the Perspective of an Acroporologist," Plenary speech, 9th International Coral Reef Symposium, Bali, Indonesia, October 24, 2000; and T. Tomascik et al., The Ecology of Indonesia, VIII: The Ecology of the Indonesian Seas.
		J.E.N. Veron, Corals in Space and Time: The Evolution of the Scleractinia (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995).
	marine.wri.org /pubs_content_text.cfm?ContentID=684 (663 words)

	The Evolutionary History of the Coral Genus Acropora (Scleractinia, Cnidaria) Based on a Mitochondrial and a Nuclear ...
		The genus Acropora (Scleractinia, Acroporidae) is one of the
		Oliver J. Babcock, 1992 Aspects of the fertilization ecology of broadcast spawning corals: sperm dilution effects and in situ measurements of fertilization Biol.
		Veron J. Wallace, 1984 Scleractinia of eastern Australia.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/18/7/1315 (6182 words)

	corals
		My tank will eventually be a mixture of lps, long polyp scleractinia corals, and sps, small polyp scleractinia corals.
		As my tank matures and I add more corals this page will grow.
		Other Ricordea, the orange in particular are trhiving and multiplying a ton.
	slojmnsreef.homestead.com /corals.html (651 words)

	TOWARDS A NEW SYNTHESIS OF EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS AND CLASSIFICATION OF SCLERACTINIA -- STOLARSKI and RONIEWICZ 75 ...
		TOWARDS A NEW SYNTHESIS OF EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS AND CLASSIFICATION OF SCLERACTINIA -- STOLARSKI and RONIEWICZ 75 (6): 1090 -- Journal of Paleontology
		TOWARDS A NEW SYNTHESIS OF EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS AND CLASSIFICATION OF SCLERACTINIA
		and classification framework for the Scleractinia will require
	jpaleontol.geoscienceworld.org /cgi/content/abstract/75/6/1090 (140 words)

	Bibliographies
		Williams, H. Some aspects of the feeding mechanisms of corals of the family Faviidae (order Scleractinia) with notes on their distribution and systematics.
		Wong, F. Ecology of the coral reef community at Pulau Salu.
		Yeo, T. Observation on the feeding mechanisms of some local Fungidae (Order Scleractinia).
	rmbr.nus.edu.sg /biblio/singaporebiblio.html (10857 words)

	Department of Geology- The University of Iowa
		Accelerated Pleistocene coral extinctions in the Caribbean Basin shown by uranium-lead (U-Pb) dating.
		Recognizing species of Late Cenozoic Scleractinia and their evolutionary patterns.
		1990 Subcontract to D.C. Potts of the University of California at Santa Cruz (3 yrs., $60232) on his National Science Foundation Grant BSR-9008225 with R.L. Garthwaite; "Systematics and evolutionary biology of the reef-coral Porites (Scleractinia)".
	www.uiowa.edu /~geology/people/faculty/budd/cvlong.html (3744 words)

	Naked corals: Skeleton loss in Scleractinia -- Medina et al., 10.1073/pnas.0602444103 -- Proceedings of the National ...
		Naked corals: Skeleton loss in Scleractinia -- Medina et al., 10.1073/pnas.0602444103 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		Stony corals, which form the framework for modern reefs,
		are classified as Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, and Hexacorallia)
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/short/0602444103v1?rss=1 (388 words)

	Amazon.ca: Corals in Space and Time: The Biogeography and Evolution of the Scleractinia: Books: J. E. N. Veron (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Amazon.ca: Corals in Space and Time: The Biogeography and Evolution of the Scleractinia: Books: J. Veron
		Corals in Space and Time: The Biogeography and Evolution of the Scleractinia (Paperback)
		Publisher: learn how customers can search inside this book.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0801482631 (181 words)

	Acclaim Images - scleractinia posters and art prints
		Acclaim Images - scleractinia posters and art prints
		scleractinia stock photography - scleractinia posters - scleractinia clipart
		Posters and Prints at Acclaim Images matching the search term "scleractinia":
	www.acclaimimages.com /_gallery/_print_terms/scleractinia.html (93 words)

	Factors Controlling the Expansion Behavior of Favia favus (Cnidaria: Scleractinia): Effects of Light, Flow, and ...
		Factors Controlling the Expansion Behavior of Favia favus (Cnidaria: Scleractinia): Effects of Light, Flow, and Planktonic Prey -- Levy et al.
		Factors Controlling the Expansion Behavior of Favia favus (Cnidaria: Scleractinia): Effects of Light, Flow, and Planktonic Prey
		Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
	www.biolbull.org /cgi/content/abstract/200/2/118 (297 words)

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