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Topic: Scleritis

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	Handbook of Ocular Disease Management - Scleritis
		The scleral vessels are significantly dilated, as are the overlying vessels of the episclera and bulbar conjunctiva.
		In severe cases of necrotizing scleritis, the sclera may become transparent due to chronic inflammation, revealing the underlying dark blue of the choroid.
		Scleritis is a primary inflammation of the sclera, which is often (over 50 percent of cases) associated with systemic disease.
	www.revoptom.com /handbook/sect2g.htm (486 words)

	Immunology and Uveitis Service \| Medical Professionals \| Articles \| Case Reports
		Active necrotizing scleritis with perforation associated with rheumatoid arthritis was diagnosed, and the patient was hospitalized as an emergency to receive a scleral graft.
		Scleritis is a severe inflammatory condition that is characterized by edema and inflammatory cell infiltration of the sclera.
		The presence of microangiopathy in most of the scleritis specimens suggests an underlying immune complex reaction (Type III hypersensitivity reaction) in which the vascular injury is the result of antigen-antibody conjugation within and outside of the vessel wall, with subsequent activation of complement, attraction of neutrophils and fibrinoid necrosis of vessels and surrounding tissue.
	www.uveitis.org /medical/articles/case/nscleritis.html (2542 words)

	Scleritis (Disease) - Southwest Washington Medical Center
		Scleritis is an inflammation of the sclera (the white outer wall of the eye).
		Scleritis occurs most often in people between the ages of 30 and 60 and is rare in children.
		Scleritis must be distinguished from other forms of inflammation that are less severe, such as episcleritis.
	www.swmedicalcenter.com /14147.cfm (311 words)

	Scleritis : RPResearch
		Scleritis is an inflammatory condition of the sclera, which is the normally white part of the eye.
		Scleritis - Scleritis is a chronic, painful, and potentially blinding inflammatory disease that is characterized by edema and cellular infiltration of the...
		Scleritis is an inflammatory disease that affects the conjunctiva, sclera, and...
	www.rpresearch.ca /?Top=Scleritis (744 words)

	SIDUO: Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Clinically, scleritis was diffuse in 8 cases, nodular in five and necrotizing in two.
		By the means of UBM analysis, episcleritis was diagnosed in four cases, diffuse scleritis in four patients, nodular scleritis in five patients, and the necrotizing form in further two.
		In scleritis, it is helpful to rapidly differentiate scleritis from severe episcleritis, to detect the diverse scleritis types and changes from one type to another, to disclose minimal disease progression and to judge treatment efficacy.
	www.unich.it /injo/congressi/siduo96/lung.htm (229 words)

	scleritis
		Scleritis is a deep, extremely painful inflammation and purple discoloration of the Scleritis is an inflammation of the sclera, the outermost white membrane of the eye.
		Scleritis is an inflammatory disease that affects the conjunctiva, schlera scleritis -- Inflammation of the sclera.
		Rheumatoid scleritis, having an incidence of approximately %, is inflammation of the sclera.
	bioblor.info /scleritis.html (1611 words)

	Scleritis - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Scleritis: Inflammation of the white part of eyeball.
		Scleritis as a complication caused by other conditions
		Classic scleritis, on the other hand, affects deeper tissue and is characterized by higher rates of visual acuity loss and even mortality, particularly in necrotizing form.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /s/scleritis/intro.htm (544 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 8, Ch. 95, Conjunctival Disorders
		Scleritis is most common in the 4th to 6th decades and affects women more often than men.
		An associated connective tissue disease may occur in 20% of patients with diffuse or nodular scleritis and in 50% of patients with necrotizing scleritis.
		If the scleritis is unresponsive to systemic corticosteroids or when the patient has necrotizing scleritis and RA, systemic immunosuppression with drugs such as cyclophosphamide or azathioprine may be indicated.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual/section8/chapter95/95e.jsp (280 words)

	Eye Conditions > Scleritis -- EyeMDLink.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		There are several different sub-types of scleritis: nodular, diffuse, necrotizing anterior scleritis with inflammation, necrotizing anterior scleritis without inflammation (scleromalacia perforans), and posterior scleritis.
		Diffuse scleritis is the most common type, and is characterized by involvement of large areas, or perhaps all, of the white of the eye.
		Posterior scleritis is quite rare, but usually presents with poor or double vision, severe pain, proptosis (forward displacement of the eye), uveitis (inflammation inside the eye), and limitation of eye movement.
	www.eyemdlink.com /Condition.asp?ConditionID=400 (483 words)

	Eye Care
		Scleritis is an inflammation of the sclera, the outermost white membrane of the eye.
		While the exact cause of Scleritis is unknown, it is often associated with rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, Wegener’s granulomatosis, metabolic disorders, infections and chemical or physical injuries.
		If examination shows thinning of the sclera due to scleritis, your eyecare practitioner may ask you to use protective glasses or an eye shield to prevent additional damage from trauma.
	www.eyecareindia.com /subcontents.asp?sectionid=5&subcontentid=100 (169 words)

	Common Inflammations
		The disorder is idiopathic in the majority of cases, however in certain instances there may be an association with some underlying systemic disease.
		Unlike the mild discomfort of episcleritis, true scleritis presents with severe, boring ocular pain which may also involve the adjacent head and facial regions.
		Consequently, if treatment of scleritis is not begun immediately, the condition poses the risk of severe visual compromise in the form of cataracts, secondary glaucoma, choroidal or exudative retinal detachment or optic atrophy.
	www.alconlabs.com /us/aj/disorders/inflammation/Index.jhtml (998 words)

	American Family Physician: Ocular manifestations of autoimmune disease - Cover Article
		Scleritis (Figure 3) or episcleritis (Figure 4) in patients with RA occurs at a prevalence rate of 4 to 10 percent.
		Among the variations of scleritis, necrotizing scleritis with inflammation is the most destructive.
		The importance of correctly diagnosing and distinguishing between scleritis and episcleritis is based on the potential ocular and systemic complications associated with scleritis.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_6_66/ai_92233648 (1347 words)

	Episcleritis & Scleritis
		Scleritis is an inflammation of this white portion of the eye.
		Scleritis causes extreme pain and may lead to perforation of the eye.
		Scleritis is not usually a primary inflammation or infection but a result of an auto-immune disorder such as Lupus, Rheumatoid Arthritis or other connective tissue diseases.
	www.coopereyecare.com /scleritis.htm (250 words)

	eMedicine - Scleritis : Article by Jerome FX Naradzay, MD, FACEP
		Diffuse anterior scleritis is characterized by widespread inflammation of the anterior portion of the sclera.
		Erythematous, immovable, and tender, inflamed nodules on the anterior sclera characterize nodular anterior scleritis.
		Widespread injection of the conjunctival and deep scleral vessels is characteristic of diffuse anterior scleritis.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic521.htm (3532 words)

	University of Miami School of Medicine - Glossary - Scleritis
		Scleritis: Inflammation of the sclera, the tough white outer coat of the eyeball.
		Classic scleritis affects the sclera itself and is not a benign disease.
		Scleritis occurs in association with systemic collagen diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Wegener's granulomatosis and, less often, lupus.
	www.med.miami.edu /glossary/art.asp?articlekey=9881 (149 words)

	Clinical: Herpes Zoster Scleritis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In our series of 172 patients with scleritis, four patients had primary bacterial scleritis, (one secondary to Proteus, one secondary to staphylococcus aureus, one secondary to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and one was secondary to syphilis.
		One patient’s nodular scleritis was secondary to the parasite, acanthamoeba.
		Any infectious agent can cause scleritis, and infectious scleritis should be especially suspected in cases of indolent, progressive scleral necrosis with suppuration, especially if the past history discloses any evidence of trauma, including surgical.
	www.uveitis.org /WebEyeMD_htmbank/herpeszoster.htm (265 words)

	Discovery Health :: Diseases & Conditions :: scleritis
		The sclera is the white, outer coat of the eye.
		Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus are autoimmune disorders that may cause scleritis.
		Diagnosis of scleritis begins with a history and physical exam.
	health.discovery.com /encyclopedias/illnesses.html?article=2404&page=1 (241 words)

	DJO \| Digital Journal of Ophthalmology
		Chemosis, recurrent episcleritis or scleritis may occur in patients with SLE and may be the initial presenting manifestation of the disease.
		The incidence of scleritis reported in SLE is about 1%, and is a reasonably accurate guide to the systemic activity of SLE.
		Although anterior uveitis is unusual in SLE (incidence 0.5 to 1.6%), its incidence increases with the presence of SLE scleritis.
	www.djo.harvard.edu /site.php?url=/physicians/oa/388 (3102 words)

	Veterinary Vision: Professional Forum Scleritis and Episcleritis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The diffuse form of scleritis is seen most commonly in the Cocker Spaniel and may extend posteriorly with choroidal involvement and (rare) secondary retinal degeneration.
		Scleritis and episcleritis may be difficult to distinguish clinically from conjunctivitis or glaucoma.
		Severe forms of scleritis may progress with posterior segment involvement (secondary chorioretinal degeneration), scleral thinning, ulcerative keratitis and corneal dystrophy.
	www.veterinaryvision.com /dvm_forum/dvm-scleritis.htm (341 words)

	Scleritis
		Scleritis is an inflammatory disease that affects the conjunctiva, sclera, and episclera (the connective tissue between the conjunctiva and sclera).
		Scleritis is treated with oral steroid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication to reduce inflammation.
		In very severe cases of necrotizing scleritis, surgery may be required to graft scleral or corneal tissue over the area of thinned sclera.
	www.stlukeseye.com /Conditions/Scleritis.asp (343 words)

	* Scleritis - (Disease): Definition
		Scleritis is a potentially serious inflammation of the sclera, the tough, white tissue that covers about four-fifths of the outer eye...
		Inflammation of the sclera is usually associated with infections,...
		Scleritis: This is an inflammation of the blood vessels in the eye that can damage the eyes and impair vision...
	en.mimi.hu /disease/scleritis.html (136 words)

	Healthopedia.com - Scleritis: Treatment & Monitoring
		The primary goal of treatment for scleritis is to prevent the loss of vision.
		High doses of corticosteroids may cause a cataract, which is a clouding of the lens of the eye that causes vision problems.
		A more serious form of the condition is known as nodular scleritis, which involves clusters of cells.
	www.healthopedia.com /scleritis/treatment.html (301 words)

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