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Topic: Sclerosponges

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Hexactinellid

Scorpion

Earthworm

Sponge

Porifera

Animal

Otter

Calcareous sponge

Demosponges

In the News (Wed 9 Dec 09)

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Hugh Jackman

	ANNUAL CYCLICITY IN HIGH RESOLUTION SR RECORDS FROM SCLEROSPONGES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Sclerosponges form hard calcareous skeletons which contain 100's of years of geochemical records and may be potentially important as paleoclimate proxies.
		The number of annual cycles counted using Sr/Ca and oxygen isotopic values in a 100 year sample agrees with independent age estimates made using uranium series methods, comparisons with the changes in the carbon isotopic composition of the atmosphere (C-13 Suess affect), and the variations in the concentration of lead in the oceans.
		If sclerosponges are to be useful for correlation with decadal climate variations, ages provided by uranium series and carbon-14 methods alone are clearly insufficient and the measurement of annual cyclicity using Sr/Ca ratios provides a more accurate method of age determination.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2001AM/finalprogram/abstract_25273.htm (433 words)

	LA-ICP-MS analysis of trace elements in biogenic minerals: time series recording of environmental changes
		For the sclerosponge, the LA-ICP-MS data were compared to a "sclerosponge standard" cut out from the ancient part of the specimen with elemental composition established by ICP-MS measurements on eight acid dissolved micro-drilled samples.
		Accuracy of the LA-ICP-MS sclerosponge analyses was controlled by measuring trace element distribution in the aragonitic skeleton by inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
		Sclerosponges are sponges that secrete an aragonitic skeleton in which information on environmental conditions such as e.g.
	perso.wanadoo.fr /arnaga/LA-ICP-MS_report.htm (2064 words)

	The Sponges of BC
		That stromatoporoids were sponges is most strongly suggested by the close homology of the astrorhizae found in the calcareous skeleton of many fossil species to stellate impressions in the skeletons of recent sclerosponges where these configurations are known to be records of the presence of exhalant canal systems in the living sponge.
		Other recent sclerosponges are known in which siliceous spicules secreted in their tissues are not incorporated into the calcareous basal skeleton.
		A sclerosponge relationship is suggested by studies of what are regarded here as two recent relict genera of this ancient order.
	www.interchg.ubc.ca /csmecher/order/stromato.htm (352 words)

	Intra-annual variation in the stable oxygen and carbon and trace element composition of sclerosponges
		These conclusions are based on data obtained by using a microsampling method for the stable oxygen and carbon isotopes in which material was extracted at a resolution of one sample every 34 μm and a laser microprobe which obtained trace element data every 20 μm (Sr, Mg, and Pb).
		C of the skeleton of the sclerosponges, and U/Th isotopic measurements.
		These findings have important implications for the use of sclerosponges as proxies of paleoclimate because they emphasize the need for a precise yearly chronology in order that proxy data can be compared with climatic variables.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2002/2000PA000622.shtml (488 words)

	June 'Geology' and 'GSA Today' highlights
		The authors test the potential of using the massive basal skeleton of sclerosponges as a new paleoenvironmental recorder.
		The lead trend in the specimen displays a general increase from 1760 to 1984, with a major threefold increase after 1930.
		This lead profile is analogous to results acquired from ice or coral cores and clearly highlights the potential of sclerosponges as a new proxy of environmental changes under tropical latitudes, for time series extending over several centuries.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2000-05/GSoA-JaTh-3105100.php (1270 words)

	Polyphyly of "Sclerosponges" (Porifera, Demospongiae) Supported by 28S Ribosomal Sequences -- Chombard et al. 193 (3): ...
		Polyphyly of "Sclerosponges" (Porifera, Demospongiae) Supported by 28S Ribosomal Sequences -- Chombard et al.
		"sclerosponges," sequences from the 5` end of 28S ribosomal RNA were
		These results contradict the hypothesis that sclerosponges are
	www.biolbull.org /cgi/content/abstract/193/3/359 (224 words)

	Bibliography
		Lead concentrations have been analyzed on a 223 yr profile through the aragonitic skeleton of the reef-building Caribbean sclerosponge Ceratoporella nicholsoni by using laser- ablation inductively coupled plasma mass-spectroscopy.
		A parallel study of the13C distribution in the skeleton validates the previously established mean annual growth rate of 230 µm/yr, at least for long-term important environmental changes.
		This Pb profile is analogous to the results acquired from ice and coral cores and clearly highlights the potential of sclerosponges as a new proxy of environmental changes for time series extending over several centuries.
	www.korallen.de /iasfcp/vol301/porifera.html (3073 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Modern calcisponges, demosponges, and sclerosponges mostly occupy shallow water.
		Calcisponges are usually found in water less than 100 meters, whereas sclerosponges can be found to 200 meters (Rigby, 1987).
		Sclerosponges of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic were also associated with reefs.
	www.cox-internet.com /coop/porifera.html (1409 words)

	Sr/Ca ratios and oxygen isotopes from sclerosponges: Temperature history of the Caribbean mixed layer and thermocline ...
		Sr/Ca ratios and oxygen isotopes from sclerosponges: Temperature history of the Caribbean mixed layer and thermocline during the Little Ice Age
		O and Sr/Ca ratios as temperature proxies to reconstruct the Caribbean mixed layer and thermocline temperature history since 1400 A.D. with a decadal time resolution.
		Citation: Haase-Schramm, A. Böhm, A. Eisenhauer, W. Dullo, M. Joachimski, B. Hansen, and J. Reitner (2003), Sr/Ca ratios and oxygen isotopes from sclerosponges: Temperature history of the Caribbean mixed layer and thermocline during the Little Ice Age, Paleoceanography, 18(3), 1073, doi:10.1029/2002PA000830.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2003/2002PA000830.shtml (369 words)

	Sponge "tree rings": new indicators of ocean variability? - NIWA Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Mushroom-like sclerosponges (yellow-orange) in a marine cave in Palau, Micronesia.
		A living rock sponge (top) photographed from a submersible at a depth of about 500 m in the tropical Atlantic Ocean and similar to the Tasman Sea sponge (bottom) in which we have discovered growth-rings.
		Sclerosponges: sponges that have a calcium carbonate (aragonitic) base like a coral, with a living tissue veneer on the surface.
	www.niwascience.co.nz /pubs/wa/11-2/sponge (1381 words)

	The Giant Man Eating Octopus meets Walter the Cat
		A big cave penetrates two massive dead coral heads and I glide over to peer into its darkness.
		Slowly, I edge into the cave, searching the walls for stylaster corals or sclerosponges.
		Sclerosponges are the newest taxonomic rage in her field.
	www.cruising-png.com /9OCTOPUS.HTM (1457 words)

	Marine Sciences Department of the University of Puerto Rico (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		We use various geochemical paleo-proxies such as trace elements and stable isotopes that can be used to reconstruct, at up to monthly resolution, sea surface temperature, salinity and precipitation.
		These are usually extracted from organisms that precipitate calcium carbonate skeletons such as corals, sclerosponges and coccolithophores (micrometer size marine plants which often dominate marine provinces).
		In addition we analyze hundreds of recent records from weather stations located throughout the Caribbean to determine variability in time and space to see whether coherent patterns exist so we can better understand climate change.
	cima.uprm.edu /faculty/winter.html (164 words)

	Notes on Sponges
		Some examples: (1) heavily calcified sponges appear to have evolved multiple times in different groups, (2) archaeocyathids appear to have given rise to some Cambrian Calcarea, and (3) stromatoporoids are similar to sclerosponges but there are enough differences to make it unclear if they are closely related.
		The sclerosponges, stromatoporoids, heavily calcified sponges, and chaetetids are mostly in the demosponges, but some are in the calcarea or archeocyathids.
		There are a few general terms/concepts that will help you follow Clarkson's discussion regarding classification.
	www.uwm.edu /People/mtharris/Paleo/RN8.html (643 words)

	Research
		Discovered the existence and importance of bryozoans in large reefs and bioherms built by other organisms like corals and stromatoporoids (unknown-and indeed thought to be significantly absent - prior to my work)
		Pioneered the development of paleobiologically realistic species concepts and the implications of morphologic variability for fossil colonial organisms,especially bryozoans but also including corals and sclerosponges.
		Discovered a number of new species and genera of both fossil and living bryozoans, which were previously unknown to science, and which thereby expand the biodiversity database against which general theories of evolution, extinction, and environmental interaction must be tested.
	www.geosc.psu.edu /people/faculty/personalpages/rcuffey/research.html (338 words)

	NOSAMS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		His specific interest is in adapting the system for rapid analysis of carbonates to scan for the radiocarbon bomb curve and provide a first order age model.
		This type of advance will enable easy and rapid assessment of the age models of deep sea corals, zooxanthellate corals, sclerosponges and mollusks.
		Dr. Baoxi Han, a Postdoctoral Investigator who received his Ph.D. from the Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China, is currently working with Dr. Mark Roberts on the development of the Continuous-flow Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CFAMS) system.
	www.nosams.whoi.edu /about/post_docs.html (324 words)

	WHOI : People : Simon R. Thorrold : Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Minor and trace elements in sclerosponge Ceratopella nicholsoni: Biogenic aragonite near the inorganic endmember?
		Spatial and temporal variation in elemental signatures of statoliths from the Patagonian longfin squid (Loligo gahi)
		The influence of temperature and salinity on strontium uptake in the otoliths of juvenile spot (Leiostomus xanthurus)
	www.whoi.edu /hpb/viewPage.do?id=2594 (865 words)

	[No title]
		Nautiloids and sclerosponges (known in the fossil record as stromatoporoids) have existed on Earth since the Paleozoic.
		Describe how habitats and lifestyles of modern nautiloids and sclerosponges compare with those of their Paleozoic counterparts, why these organisms no longer occur in the habitats they previously occupied, and what contributed to the survival of the nautiloids and sclerosponges living today.
		State what ancient animals the Loch Ness Monster and Bigfoot would most likely represent if this were the case and a reasonable explanation for how they might have ended up living in the places in which they are claimed to exist.
	instruct.uwo.ca /earth-sci/261b/ES261bassignment2essay.doc (1767 words)

	Colorado Plateau Field Institute - Book Reviews
		To understand past climatic conditions, proxies for ancient temperatures are required.
		There are several recently developed methods for estimating paleotemperatures: stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in ice cores, sea-floor bore-hole temperature measurements, carbon and oxygen isotopes in sclerosponges, and the distribution of flora and fauna.
		The natural variations in the carbon dioxide content of the earth’s paleoatmosphere have been evaluated using fossil leaves, providing benchmarks against which man’s involvement in producing greenhouse gases can be evaluated.
	www.cpfieldinstitute.org /books.php?book_id=42 (932 words)

	NOAA Ocean Explorer: Exploring Alaska's Seamounts
		A full-coverage swath bathymetry map of each seamount will be produced to search for tectonic and volcanic structures, and rock exposures will be sampled for age, duration, composition, and distribution of volcanic eruptions, and well as for microbiological studies.
		Reef-building deep-sea corals and sclerosponges will be collected to determine their potential for providing information about climate-ecosystem variability in the GOA, and the reproductive biology of some deep-sea coral samples will be examined.
		The genetic structure of deep-sea gorgonian corals will also be studied to determine whether seamount populations are genetically isolated units.
	www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov /explorations/02alaska/background/plan/plan.html (1117 words)

	Corals and Sclerosponges - Obtaining and Contributing Data
		Corals and Sclerosponges - Obtaining and Contributing Data
		Coral data at the WDC consist of stable isotope and trace metal analyses from corals located around the globe.
		Please see the Paleoclimatology Contact Page or the NCDC Contact Page if you have questions or comments.
	www.ncdc.noaa.gov /paleo/corals.html (153 words)

	GEOL 331 Lecture 23: Poriferans and Cnidarians
		Includes the living sclerosponges, some chaetetids, most stromatoporoids
		Make a comeback during the Mesozoic, but never regain former glory.
		No consensus on spongy nature, then living cryptic sclerosponges were discovered, leading to general consensus that stromatoporoids were closely related.
	www.geol.umd.edu /~tholtz/G331/lectures/331coral.html (762 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Title : Decadal to Centennial Scale Variability in the Tropical Abstract : This project will conduct deep-dwelling sclerosponges from a range of depths and sites in the western Pacific Ocean and examine the changes in skeletal chemistry over the last hundred years or more, with at least biannual resolution.
		Oxygen isotopes can serve as tracers for changes in ocean temperature and therefore help to determine the pattern of long-term variation (decadal to centennial).
		Age control will be accomplished through U/Th dating and trends of anthropogenic carbon isotopes.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /users/yguan/NSFAbstracts/Abstracts/GEO/OCE.GEO.a9618592.txt (104 words)

	Sponges - Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
		Some sponges can grow centimeters in weeks, and may have shorter life spans.
		Others sponges, like the living fossil 'sclerosponges' are VERY slow growing, with the largest known individuals (up to 30cm diameter) thought to be around 5,000 years old (which makes them the oldest living individuals on the planet, if this is true!).
		Sponges are a unique group of animals because they have unique collar-cells (choanocytes) which are surrounded by cilia with a central flagellum that moves to actively create a current pulling water in and out of the sponge.
	www.bishopmuseum.org /research/nwhi/sponges.htm (1958 words)

	New Page
		Here are some vignettes of the current and recent workers whose faces you will see in the other pages of this section.
		After completing her Ph.D. in the Department of Geological Sciences at UT Austin, it seemed to Ann that no occupation could be quite as challenging and exciting as hunting for calcified demosponges (sclerosponges) in the Caribbean.
		Fascinated by the wealth of fossils material in the TMM collections, she was infected by a strong desire to develop some way to make the collections more accessible to everyone else.
	www.utexas.edu /tmm/npl/current/newcrew.htm (1468 words)

	International Coral Reef Initiative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Subject: Graduate student opportunity in coral and sclerosponge biogeochemistry
		PhD or MS student sought for the study of stable isotopes in corals or sclerosponges in a broad range of ongoing projects in Dr. Andrea Grottoli's research group in the Department of Geological Sciences at the Ohio State University (see http://www.geology.ohio-state.edu and links therein for details, contact grottoli.1@osu.edu).
		Research involves a combination of tropical fieldwork and laboratory analyses.
	www.icriforum.org /List/Thread.cfm?MessageID=1323 (118 words)

	Glossary Searched Term (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		More specifically refers to the soft greenish-fl ovary of ripe female lobsters, which turns red when cooked; used for making sauce.
		Rock formation consisting of the calcareous skeletons of certain coelenterates (especially stony corals) coralline algae, mollusks, certain sponges (sclerosponges), and/or other organisms.
		Use the 'Return' button of your browser to return to FishBase.
	www.fishbase.org /Glossary/Glossary.cfm?TermEnglish=Coral (77 words)

	Reef Formations
		These areas are quite spectacular for their unique formations, as well as for the creatures that live here.
		You will find a number of sclerosponges on the walls, and many fish hiding in the crevices.
		What are the main reef builders in Montego Bay?
	www.mbmp.org /reefformations.htm (589 words)

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