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Topic: Scolex

	Tapeworms - LoveToKnow 1911
		The body, or " strobila," consists of a usually minute organ of attachment (scolex or its representative) which is imbedded in the intestinal membrane, and of a series of segments that arise from the base of the scolex and increase in size distally.
		The scolex is biradially constructed, the proglottides flattened, quadrangular and bilaterally symmetrical.
		This elaborate type of scolex appears to be an adaptation to grasp the spiral intestinal valve of sharks and rays.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Tapeworms (5866 words)

	Olympus MIC-D: Darkfield Gallery - Tapeworm Scolex
		The scolex at the anterior end of the cestode is a specialized body segment (or proglottid), which anchors the parasite to its host.
		The scolex is usually covered with hooks or suckers and is used by helminth taxonomists as a key characteristic for identifying species of tapeworms.
		Another hookless tapeworm featuring four suckers on its scolex, Hymenolepsis diminuta is primarily a rodent parasite that uses an arthropod intermediate host.
	www.olympusmicro.com /micd/galleries/darkfield/tapewormscolex.html (645 words)

	Cestoda - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		All have a scolex, sometimes colloquially referred to as the "head," a "neck," and one or more proglottids, which are sometimes called "segments," and which are the source of the name "tapeworm," because they look like a strip of tape.
		Cyclophyllid cestodes can be identified by the presence of four suckers on their scolex, though they may have other structures as well.
		While the scolex is often the most distinctive part of an adult tapeworm, it is often unavailable in a clinical setting, as it is inside the patient.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scolex (527 words)

	Trypanorchynha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The scolex of almost all species contains two or four suckers (bothridia) and a set of tentacles.
		The scolex of Lacistorhynchus tenuis, a common parasite of many species of sharks.
		The morphology of the scolex is clearly visible in this preparation.
	www.biosci.ohio-state.edu /~parasite/trypanorhyncha.html (169 words)

	Chapter 9
		A longitudinal groove in the scolex of pseudophyllidenas.
		The scolex excysts or evaginates, as required, and attaches to the mucosa of the intestine.
		On ingestion of the rodent liver by a cat, the posterior portion of the strobila is digested and the scolex attaches to theintestinal wall and begins to form proglottids.
	compepid.tuskegee.edu /syllabi/pathobiology/pathology/parasitology/chapter9.html (6142 words)

	Lander University \| Taenia
		The cestode body is composed of an anterior scolex, with which the worm attaches to its host, and a long posterior strobila which is divided into numerous segment-like units known as proglottids (Fig 10-47*).
		Use the compound microscope to study wholemount slides of the scolex, a mature proglottid, and a gravid proglottid.
		This is the opposite of segmented animals such as annelids and arthropods in which the segment-producing teloblast cells, and the youngest segments, are at the posterior end of the body.
	webs.lander.edu /rsfox/invertebrates/taenia.html (2754 words)

	Morphology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The scolex has a maximum diameter of 1.5 to 2 mm while each sucker is approximately 0.7 to 0.8 mm in diameter.
		The worms have been observed to attain a length upwards of 25 meters, though are usually closer to 5 meters in length.
		Attached to the scolex is the neck and then thousands of proglottids (segments); the gravid proglottids have eggs in them.
	www.stanford.edu /class/humbio103/ParaSites2006/Taenia_saginata/Morphology.html (301 words)

	C:\My Documents\cestcycl.txt
		Head or scolex has different shape in various species and it has suckers which are used for attachment of the parasite to the host's organs.
		The pear shaped scolex, which is less than 2 mm in diameter is unarmed, has four strong hemispheric suckers, and is attached to the mucosa of the intestine.
		Scolex is pear-shaped and has two rows of 22 to 30 hooks on the rostellum.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /fredarfaa/cestcycl.htm (13066 words)

	Cestoda Summary
		The scolex is followed by a short neck region and a trunk, which is divided into a series of segments known as proglottids.
		All have a scolex, sometimes colloquially referred to as the "head," a "neck," and one or more proglottids, which are sometimes called "segments," and which are the source of the name "tapeworm," because they look like a strip of tape.
		While the scolex is often the most distinctive part of an adult tapeworm, it is often unavailable in a clinical setting, as it is inside the patient.
	www.bookrags.com /Cestoda (1229 words)

	Parasitology: The Biology of Cestodes text
		The scolex (plural scoleces) which is usually held to be the anterior end and is concerned with attachment to the gut wall.
		The scolex may be armed with hooks, and in the Taenia tapeworms there is a rostellum, which is like a little proboscis and usually has hooks.
		The Bothriate scolex consists of a pair of shallow sucking grooves called bothria, in some species, the margins of the groves are fused to form tubes.
	www.aber.ac.uk /~mpgwww/Edu/Cestodes/CestTxt.html (3585 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		Scolex somewhat contracted; the suckers are not seen, hidden by the "collar-like" folds of metascolex.
		Scolex conical; metascolex well delimited from neck, and with well developed folds, but limited to the base of scolex; resulting that only part of suckers are enveloped by the metascolex.
		Scolex morphology of Proteocephalus tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae), parasites of freshwater fish in the Palearctic Region.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?oc99011 (3167 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- tapeworm - AOL Research & Learn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		An adult tapeworm consists of a knoblike head, or scolex, equipped with hooks for attaching to the intestinal wall of the host (which may be a human), a neck region, and a series of flat, rectangular body segments, or proglottids, generated by the neck.
		As long as the scolex and neck are intact the worm is alive and capable of growth.
		If the scolex has not been killed by sufficient cooking of the meat, it sheds its covering and attaches to the intestinal wall, where it begins producing proglottids.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/tapeworm/20051207142209990029 (768 words)

	Taenia spp. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A stained whole mount of the scolex (holdfast) of Taenia solium, the pork tapeworm; the scolex measures approximately 1 mm across.
		The scolex was crushed when this preparation was made to emphasize the shape of the rostellar hooks.
		The cysticercus consists of scolex or holdfast (*) within a large "bladder;" hence, cysticerci are often referred to a "bladder worms." This cysticercus measures approximately 5 mm across.
	www.pathobio.sdu.edu.cn /sdjsc/webteaching/Course/webteach/Cestoda/Taenia/TaeniaEnglishVersion/Taenia-20spp.htm (646 words)

	RESULTS (Scolex Morphology of Proteocephalid Cestodes Parasites of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Scolex with suckers biloculate; there are some wrinkles on the scolex; suckers directed antero-laterally; neck present (Figs 4, 30).
		Scolex rounded, with an apical glandular organ, "os terminale", opening on its apex; minute spines on borders of suckers and some parts of scolex (Figs 20, 21, 22, 23).
		Scolex conical; metascolex well delimited from neck, and with well developed folds, but limited to the base of scolex; resulting that only part of suckers are enveloped by the metascolex.
	memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br /941/3627re.html (1546 words)

	OLYMPUS MIC-D: Darkfield Image Gallery - Tapeworm Scolex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The scolex at the anterior end of the cestode is a specialized body segment (or proglottid), which anchors the parasite to its host.
		The scolex is usually covered with hooks or suckers and is used by helminth taxonomists as a key characteristic for identifying species of tapeworms.
		Nonprescription tapeworm medicines for pets are often unpleasant and somewhat toxic organic compounds such as toluene and phenols, that are meant to repel the parasites instead of biochemically interacting with them.
	www.mic-d.com /gallery/darkfield/tapewormscolex.html (627 words)

	Taenia spp. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A stained whole mount of the scolex (holdfast) of Taenia solium, the pork tapeworm; the scolex measures approximately 1 mm across.
		The scolex was crushed when this preparation was made to emphasize the shape of the rostellar hooks.
		The cysticercus consists of scolex or holdfast (*) within a large "bladder;" hence, cysticerci are often referred to a "bladder worms." This cysticercus measures approximately 5 mm across.
	www.biosci.ohio-state.edu /~parasite/taenia.html (648 words)

	Book III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This is plain in the scolex of bees and wasps and in caterpillars.
		For all of them after the scolex stage become immovable and their integument dries round them, and after this the latter bursts and there comes forth as from an egg an animal perfected in its second metamorphosis, most of those which are not aquatic being winged.
		For the scolex grows towards the upper part and the first principle, since in the lower part is the nourishment for the upper.
	etext.library.adelaide.edu.au /a/aristotle/generation/genani3.html (9339 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 89
		Since the scolex is usually but not always destroyed, and a new worm can regenerate if the scolex and a minute portion of the neck survive, the patient should be observed for several months, as egg-bearing segments can reappear in 10-12 weeks.
		The hooked scolex of T solium may cause greater intestinal disturbance, pain, and inflammatory response than that caused by T saginata, but symptoms are still generally mild and the pathology minor.
		The adult worm, a member of the order Pseudophyllidea, is characterized by a scolex with a pair of linear sucking grooves instead of suckers and hooks, and by having a rosette-shaped uterus connected to the outside by a uterine pore through which the eggs are passed.
	www.gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch089.htm (5833 words)

	Platyhelminthes and Nemertea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Scolex with hooks, acetabula, or bothria for attachment.
		Scolex with 4 acetabula, and might possess and armed or unarmed rostellum, Single compact vitellarium, no uterine pore.
		Eversible and retractable proboscis housed in a longitudinal dorsal cavity (rhynchocoel).
	www.emporia.edu /biosci/invert/lab3/index.htm (212 words)

	Cestoidea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The head region is called the scolex and is the region of attachment to the host mucosa.
		The nervous system of the cestodes consists of a complex of ganglia located in the scolex, the complexity of which depends on the complexity of the scolex its self, ie whether they have bothria or bothridia, rostellar hooks and acetabula.
		Cysticercoid It has a solid body with a fully developed scolex which is invaginated, and is surrounded by cystic layers, the cercomer containing the larval hooks is outside the cyst.
	martin.parasitology.mcgill.ca /jimspage/biol/cest_gen.htm (1748 words)

	Cestodes
		It has a globular scolex with four suckers and a circular row of hooks (rostellum) that gives it a solar appearance.
		A tapeworm larval cyst (cysticercus) is ingested with poorly cooked infected meat; the larva escapes the cyst and passes to the small intestine where it attaches to the mucosa by the scolex suckers.
		The scolex resembles two almond-shaped leaves and the proglottids are broader than they are long, a morphology reflected in the organism's name.
	pathmicro.med.sc.edu /parasitology/cestodes.htm (2929 words)

	INSPECTOR GADGET (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Unbeknownst to him, Scolex, who now goes by the name of Claw due to the prosthetic claw that's replaced his hand, has stolen Brenda's plans.
		Scolex, a billionaire who's determined to conquer the world with his own robots.
		Scolex then lights an explosive cigar and tosses it at Brown's car that then explodes, sending a bowling ball into the air and eventually down onto Scolex's hand (bad enough that we later see him with a resultant prosthetic claw).
	www.screenit.com /movies/1999/inspector_gadget.html (2895 words)

	Scolex Morphology of Proteocephalid Cestodes Parasites of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Some features as overall shape of scolex, suckers, apical sucker, frontal glands and several kinds of metascolex were analyzed.
		The taxonomic importance of scolex and metascolex is discussed.
		The morphology of the scolex is one of the most important characteristics used for classification of proteocephalids at generic and subamily level (Scholz et al.
	memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br /941/3627.html (482 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 89
		Since the scolex is usually but not always destroyed, and a new worm can regenerate if the scolex and a minute portion of the neck survive, the patient should be observed for several months, as egg-bearing segments can reappear in 10-12 weeks.
		The hooked scolex of T solium may cause greater intestinal disturbance, pain, and inflammatory response than that caused by T saginata, but symptoms are still generally mild and the pathology minor.
		The adult worm, a member of the order Pseudophyllidea, is characterized by a scolex with a pair of linear sucking grooves instead of suckers and hooks, and by having a rosette-shaped uterus connected to the outside by a uterine pore through which the eggs are passed.
	gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch089.htm (5839 words)

	Book II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The difference between egg and scolex is this: an egg is that from a part of which the young comes into being, the rest being nutriment for it; but the whole of a scolex is developed into the whole of the young animal.
		But we cannot say simply that all bloodless animals produce a scolex, for the classes overlap one another, (1) the insects, (2) the animals that produce a scolex, (3) those that lay their egg imperfect, as the scaly fishes, the crustacea, and the cephalopoda.
		For insects produce a scolex first; the scolex after developing becomes egg-like (for the so-called chrysalis or pupa is equivalent to an egg); then from this it is that a perfect animal comes into being, reaching the end of its development in the second change.
	etext.library.adelaide.edu.au /a/aristotle/generation/genani2.html (11682 words)

	Movie Review - Inspector Gadget
		Sniffy is in several scenes with Scolex, the evil scientist, sitting in his car, on his desk, and jumping up on a desk, grabbing a donut and running away.
		When Scolex drags Brenda, Gadget's girlfriend, to the helicopter, he is also holding Sniffy.
		In the scene where Sniffy and Scolex parachute from the top of a building, a real and fake cat were used.
	www.ahafilm.info /movies/moviereviews.phtml?fid=95 (520 words)

	SLG News
		Scolex devoted his time and talent to writing Everything Can Be Beaten 's compelling story, as well as to designing the book's unique layout and the appearance of its complex, multi-faceted characters.
		Scolex's fans are used to seeing his own artwork accompanying his stories, I'm sure they'll find that Mr.
		Scolex left a mostly-empty bottle of Coca-Cola on my desk the last time he visited, I still believe he is a man of the utmost character, a character that is reflected in his work."
	www.slavelabor.com /nf_ecbb.html (488 words)

	Phylum Platyhelminthes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The scolex is a holdfast organ with which the tapeworm resists the force of peristaltic constractions.
		Those that are distal to the scolex are gravid.
		Echinococcus granulosus, a tapeworm of dogs, is usually ~ 1 cm long, consisting of a scolex followed by 1 immature, 1 mature, and 1 gravid proglottid.
	www.cbu.edu /~seisen/Platyhelminthes (217 words)

	Worms: Flatworms: Tapeworms (Cestoda). Introduction with photomicrographs. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The head (scolex) is usually modified with hooks and/or suckers which fasten to the host gut wall and provide an anchor to prevent removal of the worm by host bowel activity.
		The larger section at the left is of the mature portion close to the end.
		Although it is not clear in this picture, the scolex has no hooks, but possesses four suckers which enable it to embed securely in the wall of the rat's intestine.
	www.micrographia.com /specbiol/helmint/platyhel/cest0100.htm (409 words)

	It's a Bad, Bad, Bad, Bad Movie: Reader Review: Inspector Gadget, by Mark Green
		Scolex then decides that he wants to steal the chip which allows Gadget to function as a cyborg.
		Furthermore, the clone is described as being a robot rather than a cyborg, which makes you wonder exactly what Scolex wanted the chip for (as well as how many more times this plot device is going to get used).
		Then clone Brenda and real Brenda walk out onto the roof of Scolex's skyscraper, where, for no apparant reason, clone Brenda jumps up on a platform and announces that she was programmed to be a cheerleader.
	www.rinkworks.com /badmovie/reader/281.shtml (1470 words)

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