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Topic: Scombrid

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	Scombridae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Scombrids have two dorsal fins, each of which can be depressed into grooves in the back, and a series of finlets between the rear dorsal fin and anal fin and the tail.
		Species sizes vary by an order of magnitude, from the 20 cm of the island mackerel to the immense 458 cm recorded for the northern bluefin tuna.
		Scombrids are generally predators of the open ocean, and capable of considerable speed.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scombrid (158 words)

	Scombe_regali
		The cero is an elongate, strongly compressed member of the Scombrid family that reaches 32 inches (81 cm) in length and may weigh up to 5 kg (11 pounds), though most average under 3 kg (6 pounds).
		Though scombrid fishes are known for high performance locomotion, data are limited on the precise mechanisms that enhance their swimming abilities.
		It has been hypothesized that the finlets on the posterior dorsal and ventral surfaces of scombrids aid locomotion, and may, in fact, be accessory locomotor structures that act to deflect water longitudinally to the area of the keels, where flow is then accelerated (Walters 1962).
	www.sms.si.edu /irlspec/Scombe_regali.htm (996 words)

	[No title]
		Occurrence, distribution, feeding habits and growth during the early life stages of two scombrids, chub mackerel Scomber japonicus and Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius, were studied to elucidate their early life histories.
		Two scombrid fishes, chub mackerel Scomber japonicus and Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius, are commonly found along the coastal waters of Japan.
		Scombrid larvae generally have large eyes and a mouth and exhibit an early shift from planktivory to piscivory relative to other marine fish larvae (Hunter 1981).
	www.lib.noaa.gov /japan/aquaculture/proceedings/report30/shoji.htm (3592 words)

	GDLPUB (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Scombrids (tunas, bonitos and mackerels) possess a homocercal caudal fin with reduced intrinsic musculature and dorso-ventrally symmetrical external and internal morphology.
		Because of this symmetrical morphology, it has typically been assumed that scombrid caudal fins function as predicted by the homocercal tail model.
		According to this model, the caudal fin moves in a dorso-ventrally symmetrical manner and produces no vertical lift forces during steady swimming.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~acg/gibbpage/gdlpub.htm (290 words)

	Description Little Tunny - Euthynnus alletteratus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The little tunny is found worldwide in tropical to temperate waters, between 56°N-30°S. In the western Atlantic Ocean, it ranges from Massachusetts (US), south to Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and Bermuda.
		It is the most common scombrid in the western north Atlantic.
		Adult little tunny school according to size with other scombrid species at depths ranging from 3-490 feet (1-150m).
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/Gallery/Descript/LittleTunny/LittleTunny.html (1048 words)

	American Society of Limnology and Oceanography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		MESHES, Mesoscale Eddy Scombrid Habitat Ecological Study, was designed to identity and describe eddies as spawning and nursery habitat.
		A large cyclonic eddy was present in 1996, and 1997, and we present preliminary data from one transect through the eddy in 1996.
		Preliminary results indicate that scombrid larvae were located in the upper 25 meters, and were most abundant near the cold-core ring - Loop current interface, rather than in the core of the eddy.
	aslo.org /meetings/albuquerque2001/481.html (261 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		One path developed among tunas and sharks which conserve metabolic in the muscle, viscera and brain.
		Thirteen species of Scombrid tunas and 5 species of lamnid sharks exhibit regional endothermy, in some cases maintaining internal temperatures that are 21ºC above ambient temperatures.
		Endothermy has evolved at least 3 times in the Scombrid tunas.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /Biology/midorcas/animalphysiology/websites/2004/Cobain/endothermyinfish.htm (362 words)

	Locomotion in scombrid fishes: visualization of flow around the caudal peduncle and finlets of the chub mackerel ...
		Locomotion in scombrid fishes: visualization of flow around the caudal peduncle and finlets of the chub mackerel Scomber japonicus
		Scombrid fishes are known for high-performance locomotion; however,
		few data are available on scombrid locomotor hydrodynamics.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/204/13/2251 (527 words)

	Three-Dimensional Analysis of Finlet Kinematics in the Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicus) -- Nauen and Lauder 200 (1): 9 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Scombrid fishes are capable of high locomotory performance,
		Magnuson, J. Locomotion by scombrid fishes: hydromechanics, morphology, and behavior.
		Locomotion in scombrid fishes: morphology and kinematics of the finlets of the chub mackerel Scomber japonicus.
	www.biolbull.org /cgi/content/full/200/1/9 (5207 words)

	Brazilian Journal of Biology - *Temporal and spatial patterns on serra, Scomberomorus brasiliensis (Teleostei, ...* *(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)*
		Scombrids typically migrate long distances for feeding and reproduction purposes (Moyle and Cech Jr., 1982; Collette and Russo, 1984).
		In the State of Ceará (Northeast Brazil), scombrid abundance is greater from October to March (transition from wet to dry season) (Fonteles-Filho, 1968; Costa and Paiva, 1969).
		The reproduction season of serra is during the dry weather months, ranging from October to April in the Gulf of Paria, Venezuela (Sturm, 1978) and from September to March in Ceará, Brazil (Gesteira and Mesquita, 1976).
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842001000400003 (2665 words)

	Memórias on line
		The genus contains 26 species mainly reported from scombrid fishes throughout the world, in both tropical and subtropical areas.
		Auxis thazard (Lacépède, 1800) is a pelagic, migratory, oceanic fish, that inhabits hot waters in all the tropical and subtropical seas, being commercially explored fresh, cured, tinned or as bait for great tunas fisheries.
		During a parasitological survey of this scombrid specimens of Caballerocotyla were encountered on the gills.
	memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br /977/4614.html (303 words)

	HMS Student Papers 1999 - Reproductive Biology of Bluefin tuna and other Scombrids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Since scombrid fishes are closely related, other species provided a valuable comparison.
		Together, histological observations of the captive populations reveal all the stages of gonadal development needed to classify scombrid gonad samples.
		Based on comparative histological analyses, I concluded that all bluefin gonadal tissues (n=111) from New England and North Carolina were inactive and therefore not spawning.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/miller/student_papers/1999_8.html (514 words)

	Scombe_macula
		Scomberomorus cavalla, like other scombrid fishes, is elongate, compressed and fusiform.
		There are 2 dorsal fins, the first of which is triangular in shape and blue-fl in color anteriorly.
		A study by Nauen and Lauder (2001) supported this hypothesis and showed that finlets do redirect cross-peduncle flow in the horizontal plane.
	www.sms.si.edu /irlspec/Scombe_macula.htm (1805 words)

	The Bluefin Tuna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The back of this scombrid is dark blue to fl, the flanks are a silvery blue-grey colour and the belly is whitish with translucent markings.
		The first dorsal fin is yellow and and the second is red, the small fins are a yellowish colour with brown edges, the caudal is dark blue and the finlets light yellow.
		They are found in northern and central zones of the Atlantic ocean, in the Black Sea and in the North Pacific.
	www.capmel.com /bluefin_tuna.htm (483 words)

	Biomechanics Bibliography at Vassar College (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Graham, J.B. and Dickson, K.A. The evolution of thunniform locomotion and heat conservation in scombrid fishes: New insights based on the morphology of Allothunnus fallai.
		Graham, J.B., Koehrn, F.J. and Dickson, K.A. Distribution and relative proportions of red muscle in scombrid fishes: consequences of body size and relationships to locomotion and endothermy.
		Nauen, J.C. and Lauder, G.V. Locomotion in scombrid fishes: morphology and kinematics of the finlets of the chub mackerel Scomber japonicus.
	vassun.vassar.edu /~jolong/bibliography.html (9394 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, An Assessment of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (1994)
		Results of molecular genetic studies of Thunnus, as well as species that are related to bluefin tunas (mackerel, bonitos, and billfishes), have provided information on the amount of genetic differentiation that might be expected among the global populations of bluefin tuna.
		In a third study of mtDNA variability in tunas, Chow and Inoue (1993) 2 The suborder that includes tunas and other fish is Scombroidei, and these fish are referred to as scombroids.
		When referring specifically to tuna, the family name, scombridae, is used, and these fish are referred to as scombrids.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309051819/html/9.html (8035 words)

	Re: podzimni dodavka novych lit. stimulu od J Krama
		Graham, Jeffrey B.; Dickson, Kathryn A. The evolution of thunniform locomotion and heat conservation in scombrid fishes: New insights based on the morphology of Allothunnus fallai.
		Wilga, C. D.; Lauder, G. Three-dimensional kinematics and wake structure of the pectoral fins during locomotion in leopard sharks Triakis semifasciata.
		Nauen, Jennifer C.; Lauder, George V. Locomotion in scombrid fishes: Morphology and kinematics of the finlets of the chub mackerel Scomber japonicus.
	biomech.ftvs.cuni.cz /pbpk/diskuze/00000044.htm (3253 words)

	The Dr. Fridtjof Nansen Programme 1975–1993
		Pelagic fish appeared, however, in many of the catches of the bottom trawl even to the depth range 75–99 m, and the data from the 111 hauls with this gear represent a better source for evaluating their composition.
		Table 4.34 shows a largely similar pattern in each of the surveys, the scombrids, carangids and clupeids formed more than three-quarters of the catches of the pelagics.
		Indian mackerel ( Rastrelliger kanagurta) gave the high scombrid catches, while round scad ( Decapterus maruadsi) was the most common carangid.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/004/X3950E/X3950E06.htm (3817 words)

	Locomotion in scombrid fishes: visualization of flow around the caudal peduncle and finlets of the chub mackerel ...
		The ubiquitous presence of finlets on the high-performance scombrid
		scombrid species also have a predominant central keel.
		Nauen, J. and Lauder, G. Locomotion in scombrid fishes: morphology and kinematics of the finlets of the chub mackerel Scomber japonicus.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/204/13/2251 (8094 words)

	Temperature dependence of the Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2) in the ventricles of tuna and mackerel -- Landeira-Fernandez et al. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Western blot analysis of microsomes from different scombrid fish ventricles.
		of scombrid fishes was investigated by comparing the properties
		Heat exchanger in the yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, and skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, and the adaptive significance of elevated body temperatures in scombrid fishes.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/286/2/R398 (5113 words)

	Fish Dissection - Pyloric caecae
		They range in number from three in a type of scorpionfish ( Setarches) to thousands in the tunas (family Scombridae).
		The Blue Mackerel is a scombrid species with many long, thin pyloric caecae.
		Pyloric caecae may have a digestive and/or absorptive function.
	www.amonline.net.au /fishes/students/dissect/caecae.htm (120 words)

	American Zoologist: To bend a dolphin: Convergence of force transmission designs in cetaceans and scombrid fishes
		American Zoologist: To bend a dolphin: Convergence of force transmission designs in cetaceans and scombrid fishes
		The similarity in swimming style and external body shape between dolphins and scombrid fishes, especially tunas, is a textbook example of evolutionary convergence.
		I identify additional morphological features of the musculoskeletal system shared by dolphins and tunas.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3746/is_200002/ai_n8889382 (1317 words)

	IIDB - Nafta Chapter 11
		I already started a thread on this on the "watch the bourgeois dictatorship at work" thread.
		The company shouldn't be able to dictate what chemicals California uses in its gas and certainly doesn't deserve compensation because California chooses to no longer buy its product.
		California is in effect refusing to by their product because it's dangerous.
	www.iidb.org /vbb/showthread.php?t=26078 (3209 words)

	\\primus\personal\Pearson\webstuff\ahepegg percent positive tows (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sciaenid mean abundance and egg percent positive tows
		Scombrid mean abundance and egg percent positive tows
		Tautog egg mean abundance and percent positive tows
	www.chesapeake.org /ties/ichplk/PercentPositiveTowsEGGS.htm (141 words)

	Tuna Physiology on Atuna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Schematic illustration of a Scombrid (auxis Thazard) Measurements used.
		Adipose Eyelid - Translucent fold covering anterior and posterior margins of eye in mackerels (Scomber and Rastrelliger).
		Auxillary branches of lateral line - Fine branches that extend dorsally and ventrally from the anterior part of the lateral line in Scomberomorus Guttatus and S. Koreanus.
	www.atuna.com /species/Physiology/Tuna1.htm (53 words)

	scombrid - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		We found one dictionary with English definitions that includes the word scombrid :
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "scombrid" is defined.
		scombrid : Infoplease Dictionary [ home, info ]
	onelook.com /?w=scombrid (69 words)

	fergusson-abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		On the basis of the spatiotemporal distribution of juveniles under 185 cm TL, I suggest that parturition likely occurs in late summer and early fall, with nursery zones existing in Sicilian and Tunisian neritic waters.
		Data on feeding from 15 sharks over 390 cm TL revealed feeding upon odontocetes, pelagic sharks, chelonians, swordfish and scombrid teleosts.
		Two records this century, one verifiable, included the discovery of identifiable human remains in the stomachs of white sharks taken in Italian waters.
	www.zoo.co.uk /~z9015043/abstracts.html (2010 words)

	Saitama Museum of Natural History, On-line Exhibit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		There, various vertebrate fossils have been discovered, including Paleoparadoxia, whales, sharks, birds and others.
		Here, a new fossil scombrid fish from the Nagura Formation, Chichibu-machi Group, Hannya, Ogano-machi, named "Chichibu sawara" by UYENO, T. et al.(1994).
		UYENO,T., SAKAMOTO,K. and SAKAMOTO,O. Scomberomorus chichibu, a New Miocene Scombrid Fish from Japan.
	www.kumagaya.or.jp /~sizensi/exhibit/sawara_e.html (80 words)

	Key Publications
		Oceanic barriers as indicated by scombrid fishes and their parasites
		Four genera of scombrid fishes (26 species) and their copepod (32 species) and monogenean ectoparasites (25 species) were used to test the hypothesis that the East Pacific Barrier is responsible for the most pronounced break in the circum-tropical warm water fauna of the continental shelves, and not the New World Barrier.
		Analysis at the species level showed that there is a primary centre of diversity in the West Pacific, and a secondary centre in the West Atlantic.
	www-personal.une.edu.au /~krohde/key_publications.htm (6808 words)

	Fish of the Week
		Adults lose the distinctively large pelvic fin morphology and look much more like an ordinary scombrid.
		Also like some other scombrids, butterfly mackerel exhibit endothermy, the ability to warm their bodies.
		While most tunas use their heat throughout their swimming muscles, butterfly mackerel use the ability to keep only their brains and retinas toasty.
	web.pitas.com /mosshead/dec_2002.html (292 words)

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