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Topic: Scopes Monkey Trial

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	Scopes Monkey Trial
		When the young teacher John Scopes was charged in Dayton, Tennessee under the Butler Act for teaching "any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible," the case became the trial of the century.
		During the weekend the trial was adjourned, Byran gave a sermon in the town's methodist church.
		The Scopes Monkey Trial was just one example of the clash between the generations of the 1920's.
	www.angelfire.com /co/pscst/monkey.html (286 words)

	Scopes Trial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Scopes was charged with having taught from the chapter on evolution to a class at the high school on May 5, 1925 in violation of the Butler Act (and nominally arrested, though never detained).
		Scopes later admitted that, in reality, he was unsure of whether or not he had taught evolution, but the point was not contested at the trial (Scopes 1967:59-60).
		It was not until the 1960s that the Scopes trial began to be mentioned in the history textbooks of American high schools and colleges, usually as an example of the conflict between fundamentalists and modernists, and often in sections that also talked about the rise of the Ku Klux Klan in the South.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scopes_Trial (3858 words)

	NPR : Timeline: Remembering the Scopes Monkey Trial
		The Scopes trial was not the only time that the origins of Earth and humanity were debated in court.
		Scopes is recruited to write news stories on the trial for some of the delinquent journalists.
		Scopes returns to the town for the premiere and is given the key to the city.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=4723956 (2742 words)

	BSCS \| Scopes Monkey Trial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Scopes was accused of having violated the Butler Act, a Tennessee law that forbade the teaching of evolution in public schools because it contradicted the account of creation in the Bible.
		The press dubbed it the "monkey trial" because of the popular belief that evolution meant humans were descended from monkeys.
		Scopes was convicted and fined 00, but the state supreme court later reversed the verdict on technical grounds.
	www.bscs.org /page.asp?pageid=0\|224\|231\|234&id=0\|scopes_monkey_trial (542 words)

	Birdblog: The Scopes Monkey Trial....Again
		Scopes admitted that he knew nothing about Darwin and nothing about evolution, but after receiving assurances that he would not be placed in any true danger, Scopes agreed to participate in this charade.
		When Scopes was cited for teaching evolution in the classroom(he received a summons-he was not hauled away in handcuffs) in the early spring of 1925 the decks were cleared for action.
		The law, itself, was not on trial and the defense team had a slender reed on which to base their case.
	tbirdblog.blogspot.com /2005/09/scopes-monkey-trialagain.html (3712 words)

	Scopes Monkey Trial - Nebraska Public Television
		His efforts led ultimately to the famous monkey trial of 1925, which resulted in the conviction of John Scopes for teaching evolution in a public school classroom.
		He was, in fact, a popular high school coach and science teacher who volunteered to be prosecuted in order to provide a test case for the 1925 law that prohibited evolution from being taught in public schools.
		Many misconceptions about the trial can be traced to "Inherit the Wind," a 1954 stage play that used the Scopes trial as a metaphor to examine McCarthy-era intolerance.
	net.unl.edu /monkey (522 words)

	JURIST – John Scopes (The "Monkey Trial")
		Scopes replied that while filling in for the regular biology teacher during an illness, he had assigned readings on evolution from the book for review purposes.
		The defense's goal was not to win acquittal for John Scopes, but rather to obtain a declaration by a higher court--preferably the U.S. Supreme Court--that laws forbidding the teaching of evolution were unconstitutional.
		The Scopes trial by no means ended the debate over the teaching of evolution, but it did represent a significant setback for the anti-evolution forces.
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /famoustrials/Scopes.php (2111 words)

	Smithsonian Institution Archives
		The nitrate negatives, including portraits of trial participants, and images from the trial itself and significant places in Dayton, were discovered in archival material donated to the Smithsonian by Science Service in 1971.
		Scopes was tried and convicted for violating a state law prohibiting the teaching of the theory of evolution.
		One motivation for holding the trial in Dayton was to revive the town's flagging economy.
	siarchives.si.edu /research/scopes.html (855 words)

	CNN.com - 75 years after the Scopes trial pitted science against religion, the debate goes on - July 12, 2000
		His trial, which began this week in 1925, became one of the most celebrated courtroom proceedings in U.S. legal history -- a "trial of the century" -- because of the high-profile players involved, the media attention it received and the issues it raised.
		The U.S. Supreme Court ruled decades after the Scopes trial that creationism should not be taught because it is a religious belief; the Constitution calls for separation of church and state.
		Scopes was the football coach at Rhea Central High School who also taught math and general science, and sometimes substitute-taught biology, Larson said.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/LAW/07/13/scopes.monkey.trial (2405 words)

	The Truth About Inherit the Wind (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Scopes was surprised to hear how relatively knowledgeable the student witnesses were, and he speculated that they must have picked up what they knew somewhere else and come to associate it with his class.
		Scopes himself knew little beyond the rudiments, and the defense thought it best to keep him off the stand, where his lack of knowledge (not to mention his uncertainty as to whether he had taught the subject) might prove embarrassing.
		Scopes attended a dinner given by the Dayton Progressive Club in honor of Bryan's arrival, and Bryan, famous for remembering people, recognized Scopes as one of a gaggle of giggling graduates he had addressed at a high school commencement six years earlier.
	www.firstthings.com /ftissues/ft9702/iannone.html (3554 words)

	The Truth About The "Scopes Monkey Trial"
		The trial was to be a grand affair and b ring fame and fortune to the small town.
		Initially, the potential economic benefits of the trial are dismissed [one businessman is asked when he last sold grits to a "smart aleck from New York," and another is asked when he last rented a room to a Frenchman].
		Before the trial started, local businessmen staged various publicity stunts (e.g., fights at a local barbershop to keep the trial in the news).
	www.traviscase.org /Sermons/Genesis/TruthScopesMonkeyTrial.html (2281 words)

	Inherently Wind: A Hollywood History of the 1925 Scopes 'Monkey' Trial
		Scopes maintained to his death in 1970 that he never taught evolution during the two weeks he substituted for the biology teacher but rather simply reviewed the students for their final exam.
		Throughout the trial the definition of the term evolution was so hopelessly muddled by the defense and its’ witnesses that it seems unlikely that any of the jurors could have known exactly what evolution is and is not.
		All of Scopes’ expenses relating to the trial were covered by various vested interests as was the tuition for his graduate education after the trial.
	www.scopestrial.org /scopes.htm (6299 words)

	The Scopes Monkey Trial by Gregg Easterbrook -- Beliefnet.com
		More than any other event, the 1925 trial in Dayton, Tenn., at which the schoolteacher John Scopes was fined $100 for teaching Darwinian theory in violation of a newly enacted state law, has shaped contemporary American public thinking about the evolution-versus-Genesis debate.
		The Scopes trial is best known for pitting William Jennings Bryan, a populist orator and evangelist who was roughly the Billy Graham of his day, against fabled defense attorney Clarence Darrow.
		Today in journalism and public speaking, the phrase "Scopes monkey trial" is commonly employed as a shorthand way of saying that religion is anti-scientific; in popular culture, the notion has risen that at the Scopes trial, Bible-beating zealots ran amok.
	www.beliefnet.com /story/2/story_228_1.html (537 words)

	The Scopes Monkey Trial
		American Experience: Monkey Trial- "Profiles the all-out duel between science and religion debated by Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan, and the media circus which surrounded the trial."
		Monkeying with the Scopes "Monkey" Trial- by Dr. David N. Menton, Ph.D. Scopes Monkey Trial- A look into the Scopes Monkey Trial in 1925, including pictures, cartoons, and research.
		The Tennessee Monkey Trial- An investigation into one of the most thoroughly misrepresented events in modern history - the trial of Thomas J. Scopes.
	www.teach-nology.com /policymakers/landmark_cases/scopes_monkey_trial (166 words)

	‘Scopes Monkey Trial’: authors seek to set record straight - (BP) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		John Thomas Scopes, a first-year schoolteacher, was prosecuted by the state at the Rhea County Courthouse in July 1925 on charges of teaching evolution in a high school classroom.
		The Scopes trial began as a public relations campaign organized by Dayton town leaders who wanted to boost the town’s economy after a triad of mining accidents had devastated the area.
		Perry would like to see Monkey Business used in classrooms as an accurate record of the Scopes trial instead of literature such as the play "Inherit the Wind," which veers greatly from the court transcripts of the case, but often is the only exposure students receive to the trial.
	www.bpnews.net /bpnews.asp?ID=20860 (1100 words)

	Inherit/1925
		The Scopes trial came at a crossroads in history - as people were choosing to cling to the past or jump into the future.
		To Ransom, the trial was a product of "the modernist-fundamentalist conflict of the period." As R.M.Cornelius wrote in "Their Stage Drew All the World," "This controversy, whose stage was the battle over the nature of the bible, produced a whole cycle of dramatic confrontations, of which the Scopes trial was but one"(9).
		The Scopes trial was not distinct, therefore, so much for its theme as it was for its was for its presentation.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~UG97/inherit/1925home.html (1598 words)

	Scopes Monkey Trial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The "Scopes Monkey Trial", often referred to as the "Trial of the Century", took place in Dayton, Tennessee.
		On trial was teacher John T. Scopes who was accused of breaking a state law prohibiting the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution in schools.
		Scopes was convicted at the trial, but was released on a technicality.
	library.advanced.org /19012/scopes.htm (204 words)

	Inherit the Wind: The Truth About the "Real Brady" (William Jennings Bryan) of the Scopes Monkey Trial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The biology textbook at the center of the 1925 Scopes trial, and also referred to in Inherit the Wind, was Hunter's Civic Biology.
		Actually, the atmosphere at the Scopes trial was not as highly charged with the vindictiveness that Inherit the Wind describes.
		Scopes was not put into jail nor was he treated rudely by the community.
	www.godandscience.org /evolution/scopes.html (1133 words)

	1925 Scopes 'Monkey Trial'
		This trial was the beginning of the scientific and secular knowledge, as opposed to the religious and faith oriented knowledge.
		The Scopes 'Monkey Trial' is an example of the attitude of this period.
		And, the Scopes 'monkey trial' also set precedent for many other challenges which brought the idea of separation of church and state, especially in the educational system, under question, primarily in the latter half of the twentieth century.
	fcis.oise.utoronto.ca /~daniel_schugurensky/assignment1/jennylee.html (910 words)

	The Scopes "Monkey Trial," or "A 1925 Media Circus"
		After flocking to view the monkeys, Dayton has decided that it was not man who evolved from the anthropoid, but the anthropoid which devolved from man; and it points now at the two chimpanzees and the "missing link" to prove the assertion.
		The next morning, Judge Raulston moved the trial onto the Courthouse lawn because the throngs inside, with all their clapping and stamping in the 100+ degree heat, were weakening the floor and it was in danger of collapsing.
		The monkey is an innocent animal- a vegetarian by birth.
	dim.com /~randl/scopes.htm (2801 words)

	Inherently Wind: A Hollywood History of the 1925 Scopes 'Monkey' Trial
		Scopes' fiance "Rachel Brown" is called as a witness and is badly mistreated by Bryan who forces her to testify against her own fiance by insisting that she repeat deeply personal conversations between her and Scopes which Bryan had pried out of her in "confidence" only the night before.
		Technically, the only point at issue in the trial was whether or not John Scopes actually taught the evolution of man from lower orders of animals, so naturally the lawyers for the prosecution did question the relevance of the testimony of expert witnesses.
		The whole purpose for bringing this case to trial was to: 1) declare the Butler act unconstitutional, 2) expose "fundamentalist" Christian views on the subject of origins to public ridicule in the press, and 3) focus the attention of the world on evolution (de Camp, page 492).
	www.gennet.org /facts/scopes.html (6144 words)

	Clarence Darrow and the Scopes Monkey Trial
		The Scopes-Monkey Trial was an exercise in futility of a brilliant Clarence Darrow.
		Scopes wrote that “Barnum and Bailey would have been pressed hard to produce more acts and sideshows and freaks than Dayton had.” (Scopes 77) Darrow and Bryan had transformed a quiet, sleepy little town into a circus.
		The outcome of the trial was of no bearing compared to the reverberations that Darrow’s examination of Bryan caused: Fundamentalists had largely lost faith in their leader, and started questioning their absolute faith and their literal translation of the Bible.
	www.georgetownwebdesign.com /ed/darrow.html (2109 words)

	The Monkey Trial
		The trial could not properly be called a witch hunt, one trial historian notes, because “the accused [Scopes] and his defenders—the ‘witches’—were actually the hunters, stalking the law with the intent of overturning it or at least making it unenforceable.” de Sprague,
		After his arrest, Scopes was put in jail where he was hit in the head by a bottle thrown through the window of his cell, burned in effigy, threatened with being lynched from a “sour apple tree,” and generally made to fear for his life.
		In re-reading the original trial transcript, one strongly suspects Darrow’s de facto “closing argument” was, by design, delivered at the end of the second day of the trial, p.74 ff.
	www.themonkeytrial.com (7208 words)

	American America History - The Scopes Monkey Trial
		The case itself was a test of the butler act; scopes was not meant to actually suffer repercussions from the actual decision.
		After the trial, he turned down a position in the schools, realizing that the public was so enthralled with his life that they would pay more for his story than a teaching job could ever make him.
		the scopes trial exemplified the debates that raged in the 1920’s; the debate between science and religion was just one of the liberating ideas that captured america.
	www.123helpme.com /view.asp?id=21918 (1080 words)

	The Scopes Trial … what’s the big deal?
		A team of scientists and even theologians traveled to Dayton to help the Scopes’ defense (although their testimony was not part of the trial, it is recorded in the transcripts) and proclaim that evolution was true and the law should therefore be struck down.
		The Scopes trial should be a “big deal” to Christians—a reminder that a proper defense of the faith must begin with God’s Word as the ultimate authority.
		In no way is the play a documentary of the trial, and was actually not intended by its authors to be an accurate portrayal of the “Monkey Trial.” Ironically, the very humanist organizations seeking to educate the public by promoting the play are, in truth, endorsing a blatant misrepresentation of the facts.
	www.answersingenesis.org /docs2/4349news7-24-2000.asp (716 words)

	The Significance of the Scopes Trial by Gary North
		There is a great deal of confusion about the details of the trial, but not its fundamental point: the legitimacy of teaching Darwinism in tax-funded schools, kindergarten through high school.
		On this point, all sides agree: the trial was a showdown between Darwinism and fundamentalism.
		What is not recognized is the far greater importance of the far more important underlying agreement, an agreement that had steadily increased for half a century by 1925 and still prevails: the legitimacy of tax-supported education.
	www.lewrockwell.com /north/north394.html (2576 words)

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