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Topic: Scorpionfly

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	scorpionfly -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Both groups have a spined gizzard (proventriculus), sexual differences in the number of ganglia in the ventral nerve cord, six rectal glands, and a simple type of ovary.
		Diptera belong to the panorpoid complex, which includes Mecoptera (scorpionflies), Trichoptera (caddisflies), Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Siphonaptera (fleas), and Diptera (true flies).
		All are believed to have evolved from an ancestor that lived in moss; four-winged insects that resemble crane flies have been preserved as fossils in Permian deposits.
	www.encyclopaedia.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9066335 (401 words)

	Scorpionfly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Scorpionfly is an unusual insect that often has a long, pointy face.
		The scorpionfly is about 3/4 inch (20 millimeters) long.
		Adult scorpionflies live in woods or dense plant growth and eat chiefly insects.
	www.worldbook.com /features/insects/html/scorpionfly.html (133 words)

	Scorpionfly - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Look for Scorpionfly in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Scorpionfly in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
		If you have created this page in the past few minutes and it has not yet appeared, it may not be visible due to a delay in updating the database.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scorpionfly (122 words)

	The Order Mecoptera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Insects of this group are commonly refered to as "scorpionflies" because of the structure of the male genitalia.
		Scorpionflies are active during the summer months depending on the area.
		These insects are commonly called "Hanging Scorpionflies or Hangingflies" because the adults spend most of their time hanging from twigs and foliage with their raptorial front legs.
	www.members.tripod.com /buggyrose/ipm/81mecoptera.html (610 words)

	Northeastern Naturalist: An arthropod predator-prey-kleptoparasite association
		Although kleptoparasitism of spider prey by scorpionflies may be relatively common in nature (Thornhill 1975), such behavior is seldom observed or reported.
		Two large scorpionflies, both with yellowish-- orange bodies and banded forewings, were observed feeding on the prey larva immediately (est.
		At 1245 h (EDT), the spider and two scorpionflies continued their feeding activities; the third scorpionfly was not present.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3845/is_200201/ai_n9035339 (1324 words)

	Mecoptera
		The Mecoptera (scorpionflies) are a curious group of terrestrial insects that usually live in moist sylvan habitats.
		The common name of this order (scorpionfly) refers to the distinctive appearance of male genitalia in members of the family Panorpidae: the terminal segments are enlarged and held recurved over the abdomen like the tail of a scorpion.
		Hanging scorpionflies are the only predatory insects that catch prey with their hind legs.
	www.cals.ncsu.edu /course/ent425/compendium/mecopt~1.html (395 words)

	Appendix Frequently Asked Questions \| Science and Creationism: A View from the National Academy of Sciences, Second ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		For example, scorpionflies (Mecoptera) and true flies (Diptera) have enough similarities that entomologists consider them to be closely related.
		Scorpionflies have four wings of about the same size, and true flies have a large front pair of wings but the back pair is replaced by small club-shaped structures.
		If two-winged flies evolved from scorpionfly-like ancestors, as comparative anatomy suggests, then an intermediate true fly with four wings should have existed--and in 1976 fossils of such a fly were discovered.
	books.nap.edu /html/creationism/appendix.html (1426 words)

	Northwestern Ontario Insect Species - Order Mecoptera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The common name scorpionflies comes from the unusual tip of the abdomen of these insects, which is bulb-like and has the appearance of the sting of a scorpion.
		A most peculiar scorpionfly that is widespread in eastern North America, and in northwestern Ontario is the snow scorpionfly, Boreus brumalis.
		The adult is a small insect, no larger than 7.5 mm in body length, and often seen on the surface of snow because of their movement and dark body colour.
	www.borealforest.org /insects/insects16.htm (118 words)

	EPOW Ecology Picture of the Week - Life on the Ice
		Snow scorpionflies -- which are neither scorpions nor flies (nor are they snow, for that matter) -- is an ancient order of insects that are usually found in moss on which they feed, and often on the snow in winter, and are not often collected.
		The snow scorpionfly has become the symbol of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, Canada, and is the subject of artwork and even stamps.
		Interestingly, these four examples of life on the ice -- snow scorpionflies, grylloblattas, chioneas, and snowfleas -- are all generally flightless (some snow scorpionflies have wings that are reduced or absent), lacking wings.
	taos-telecommunity.org /epow/EPOW-Archive/archive_2003/EPOW-031124.htm (387 words)

	Supplementary issue
		Last papers written by Novokshonov and Novokshonov and Zhuzhgova are also included; they are devoted to both descriptions of new taxa and discussion of general problems in Miomoptera and Mecopteroidea.
		An Early Triassic Scorpionfly (Panorpida = Mecoptera) of the Vologda Region [Abstract]
		The origin of insects of the mecopteroid complex and the early evolution of true scorpionflies are discussed.
	www.palaeoentomolog.ru /Publ/suppl2004.html (1288 words)

	Information about U.S. FDC: 33¢ Scorpionfly: Classic Collection Series
		Scorpionflies belong to the order Mecoptera, which contains the families of Panorpidae, Bittacidae and Boreidae.
		Members of the family Bittacidae, the hanging Scorpionflies, are so named because they hang freely from plant stems, waiting for small insects to pass by their long, slender legs.
		Members of the family Boreidae, snow Scorpionflies can be seen hopping and clambering about on the snow as they search for small insects and dead vegetation to consume.
	www.fleetwoodfirstdaycovers.com /EA1CAUG0.htm (406 words)

	Randy Thornhill's Home Page - The University of New Mexico
		Paternal genetic effects on the fighting ability of sons and daughters and mating success of sons in a scorpionlfy (Panorpa vulgaris).
		The notal organ of the scorpionfly (Panorpa vulgaris): An adaptation to coerce mating duration.
		Rape in Panorpa scorpionflies and a general rape hypothesis.
	biology.unm.edu /Biology/Thornhill/rthorn.htm (1718 words)

	Male Scorpionfly?
		This is a photo of one species of male scorpionfly.
		Scorpionflies, both adults and larvae, eat other insects and do not bother humans.
		Male scorpionflies of the genus Panorpa give a dead insect as a "wedding" gift to females with whom they wish to mate!
	www.e-bug.net /forum/messages/7676.shtml (151 words)

	Essays.cc - Investigation Of Pit Size Versus Larval Size In An Antlion
		Measuring Antlion Pits At the scorpionfly site we obtained three measurements for each of the randomly selected pits.
		Because the quail site was sectioned off, we were able to carry out a complete data collection from all the pits at the site, as opposed to the random selection of pits at the scorpionfly site.
		This measurement gave the overall correlation between the size of the pit and the size of the antlion that made the pit.
	www.essays.cc /free_essays/e1/vrk100.shtml (1926 words)

	Scorpionfly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Facts: Scorpionflies are attractive insects with patterned wings.
		They get the name scorpionfly since the male genitalia is held over the back of the abdomen in the typical defensive posture of scorpions.
		They are predators and capture other insects as food using their legs.
	entowww.tamu.edu /extension/youth/bug/bug087.html (53 words)

	Gender differences and individual variation in the immune system of the scorpionfly Panorpa vulgaris (Insecta: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Gender differences and individual variation in the immune system of the scorpionfly Panorpa vulgaris (Insecta: Mecoptera).
		Gender differences and individual variation in the immune system of the scorpionfly Panorpa vulgaris (Insecta: Mecoptera).From investigations of the vertebrate immune system gender specific differences in individual immunocompetence are well known.
		We found a high degree of individual variation in both traits studied, the lysozyme-like antibacterial activity of hemolymph and the capacity for in vitro phagocytosis of artificial particles.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/8488294.html (177 words)

	ORDER DIPTERA. THE TRUE FLIES
		Among scorpionfly families, Permotipulidae and especially Robinjohniidae (Permian; both previously assigned to Paratrichoptera, the suborder discarded as polyphyletic by Novokshonov and Sukatsheva 2001) approach generalised Nematocera most closely in the wing structure.
		It was suggested that transformation of hind wing into a halter took place in a bittacid-like ancestor related to Robinjohniidae, with narrow-based homonomous wings and long cranefly legs, and that several peculiarities of dipteran wing are mecopteran hind wing characters transferred on to the fore wing (Shcherbakov et al.
		Alternatively, Diptera are considered descendants from the more generalised scorpionfly family, Permochoristidae (Novokshonov and Sukatsheva 2001).
	www.palaeoentomolog.ru /New/diptera.html (4147 words)

	IEZ - publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Engqvist, L. and Sauer, K. (2002) Amorous scorpionflies: causes and consequences of the pairing prelude of Panorpa cognata.
		Herberstein, M. Schneider, J. and Elgar, M. (2002) Costs of courtship and mating in a sexually cannibalistic orb-web spider: female mating strategies and their consequences for males.
		Sauer, K. Vermeulen, A. and Aumann, N. (2002) Temperature-dependent competition hierarchy: a mechanism stabilizing the phenological strategy in the scorpionfly Panorpa communis L.J. Zool.
	www.evolution.uni-bonn.de /Puli_IEZ.htm (1967 words)

	[NatureList] Snow Scorpionfly at Limerick Forest, 20 March (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		NatureListers, Snow Scorpionfly, genus Boreus beside Nature Trail 50 m from the back of the "Chalet" on Limerick Road, 2 km sse of Bishops Mills, Grenville County, Ontario Collected 14:45 Temp: 5C, sunny, calm One adult active on yellow nylon bag just above snow surface, drawn in A.
		It had a pointed abdomen, and I thought it might be a Snow Scorpionfly so I cautiously opened the zipper of the case without disturbing the insect, and found a plastic vial to catch it in.
		As I tried to nudge it into the vial it fell to the snow in a seed shape, playing dead.
	mail.thenaturejournal.com /pipermail/naturelist_thenaturejournal.com/2005-March/000274.html (270 words)

	NATURENB Archives -- March 2004, week 2 (#31) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		They are SNOW SCORPIONFLIES not Snow Scorpions as I had earlier guessed.
		The Audubon Field Guide to NA Insects and Spiders has a good picture of it on plate 74.
		Also came across 1 live spider and 2 live flies on the snow - but,of course, I have no guesses as to what species they would be.
	listserv.unb.ca /bin/wa?A2=ind0403b&L=naturenb&T=0&F=&S=&P=3325 (235 words)

	Scorpionfly (Male) Photo \| TrekNature
		If you look at the tail you know why it calls scorpionfly.
		Like the female you posted earlier this one is full of details and a clear view of the claw.
		It is the first time I see a such scorpionfly, Gert.
	www.treknature.com /gallery/Europe/photo63.htm (394 words)

	Scorpion Flies - UK Safari
		Their heads are extended into a beak-like shape, and their tiny jaws are situated at the end.
		The name scorpionfly comes from the shape of the males tail, resembling that of a scorpion.
		Despite the appearance, they are perfectly harmless, and don't sting.
	www.uksafari.com /scorpionfly.htm (200 words)

	What's That Bug: Scorpion-Flies
		I sent you a picture of a scorpionfly a couple of weeks ago.
		Actually, I think this is a better photo esthetically, and since I know that bandwidth is not a problem for you, I thought I'd send it along for your pleasure.
		We have one previous photo of a Scorpionfly on our site, but you couldn't locate it because Scorpionflies, Family Panorphidae, are not true flies.
	www.whatsthatbug.com /scorpion_flies.html (344 words)

	Exam 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		For each of the following examples of mate choice in the textbook, what factors are important in selection?
		Scorpionfly and nuptial gifts (give separate benefit for male and female)
		Or, How does a male scorpionfly increase his fitness by presenting a
	courses.wcupa.edu /kcampbell/335/studyq_ex2.htm (539 words)

	Scorpionfly eating dead caterpillar - Panorpa - BugGuide.Net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Scorpionfly eating dead caterpillar - Panorpa - BugGuide.Net
		Home » Guide » Arthropods (Arthropoda) » Hexapods (Hexapoda) » Insects (Insecta) » Pterygota » Scorpionflies, Hangingflies and Allies (Mecoptera) » Common Scorpionflies (Panorpidae) » Panorpa
		Usually I observe scorpionflies sitting quietly on vegetation.
	www.bugguide.net /node/view/3330 (199 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Sorry, content for the term "Scorpionfly" is momentarily not available.
		A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
		Scorpionflies, hangingflies, and other Mecoptera (The Kansas school naturalist)
	www.geodatabase.de /scorpionfly (61 words)

	Scorpionfly - Panorpa sp.
		Live adult male scorpionfly photographed at Winfield Mounds Forest Preserve, DuPage County IL, July 28, 2005.
		Species of Panorpa are orange-bodied with an elongate beak, and their wings are mottled with dark brown markings.
		At first, I thought it a fly, but then noticed two sets of wings (true flies only have one set).
	www.cirrusimage.com /Mecoptera_scorpionfly.htm (81 words)

	Painet: stock photography and digital pictures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Email your Light-table to a friend or associate
		Results for scorpionfly insect (1 to 32 of 1374)
		scorpionfly panorpa rufescens mecoptera insect bug nature united states indiana
	painetworks.com /cgi-bin/search.cgi?find=+scorpionfly+insect+&method=or (306 words)

	Managing Our Ancestral Brain in a Troubled World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		I use the mating tactics of the male scorpionfly as a simple model of a psychological tool.
		The have evolved a special clamp-like organ to help in holding the female for forcible copulation.
		It is the desperate losers of the scorpionfly world that attempt to copulate forcibly.
	www.sfu.ca /sterlingprize/recipients/crawfordlecture/11.htm (237 words)

	University of Kentucky Department of Entomology -- Mystery Bug Answers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Their common name, Scorpionfly, is based on the long, curved tail of the males of some species.
		Their tails make them resemble some feared desert-dwelling arthropods (scorpions!) that have a long tail with a stinger that arches back over the abdomen.
		If she likes the gift, she will stay to eat it while they mate.
	www.uky.edu /Ag/Entomology/ythfacts/mystery/mystry36.htm (229 words)

	eNature: FieldGuides: Species Detail
		Q: I recently saw a large flock of white birds with fl edges around their wings in a field.
		Family: Boreidae, Snow Scorpionflies view all from this family
		Antennae threadlike and 1/2 as long as body.
	www.enature.com /fieldguide/showSpeciesRECNUM.asp?recnum=IS0138 (211 words)

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