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Topic: Scots pine

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	Scots Pine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris; family Pinaceae) is a common tree ranging from Great Britain and Spain east to eastern Siberia and the Caucasus Mountains, and as far north as Lapland.
		Scots Pine is the National tree of Scotland, and it formed much of the Caledonian Forest which once covered much of the Scottish Highlands.
		Scots Pine has also been widely planted in New Zealand and much of the colder regions of North America; it is listed as an invasive species in some areas there, including Ontario and Wisconsin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scots_Pine (656 words)

	Royal Forestry Society of England, Wales and Northern Ireland Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Scots Pine is one of the commonest evergreen trees in Britain.
		When treated, Scots pine timber is durable outside and is suitable for telegraph poles, fencing and, in the past, was used for water wheels and for domestic water pipes in London in the late 1770s.
		Scots pines have the reddish orange colour on the upper stem whereas the bark of the Corsican Pine is a dark grey colour.
	www.rfs.org.uk /thirdlevel.asp?ThirdLevel=177&SecondLevel=33 (904 words)

	ISU Extension News Release
		The Scots pine's once-secure niche in the Iowa landscape is eroding, courtesy of a beetle and a little bitty worm that join forces to cause a big problem called pine wilt.
		Instead, the disease spread to Scots pine stands throughout Iowa, western Kentucky and eastern Kansas and Nebraska.
		Scots pine is native to the moist, cool environment of Scotland.
	www.extension.iastate.edu /newsrel/2000/mar00/mar0004.html (808 words)

	Botanical and ecological characteristics
		Scots pine is long-lived; individuals of nearly 1,000 years of age occur in northern Sweden [59].
		Scots pine is not very responsive to release from suppression; trees under 20 years old show a modest response [44,47].
		The percentage of pine pollen increased after disturbances in soil core samples dated from 1,430 years BP to present, in an area where Scots pine is usually present [4].
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/tree/pinsyl/botanical_and_ecological_characteristics.html (760 words)

	Pine
		Pines are native to most of North America, ranging from the Arctic to Mexico and Nicaragua and the West Indies.
		Pines are commercially among the most important of species used for timber in temperate and tropical regions of the world.
		Pine plantations can be at risk for fire damage because pine resin is flammable to the point of a tree being explosive under some conditions.
	www.backyardagora.com /glossary/pine.htm (405 words)

	Native Trees of the British Isles, Pinus sylvestris/Scots Pine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Scots pine is very tolerant of a low level of nutrition, and growth is not markedly reduced over a fairly wide range of nutrient supply.
		Pine essence combined with bath salts is used to combat fatigue and sleeplessness, and heal cuts and skin complaints.
		The Scots Pine is the totem of the Grant and MacGregor clans.
	www.biodiversity.org.uk /ibs/envmath/resources/year3/env324/moffatt/HTMLfiles/p_sylvestris.htm (1481 words)

	Species profile: Scots pine
		Scots pine is the most widely distributed conifer in the world, with a natural range that stretches from beyond the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia to southern Spain and from western Scotland to the Okhotsk Sea in eastern Siberia.
		Scots pine is unusual amongst conifers in having a number of different mature growth forms, ranging from tall and straight-trunked with few side branches, to broad, spreading trees with multiple trunks.
		Both roe and red deer browse on Scots pine seedlings, eating the needles and leader shoot of young trees, and the overgrazing pressure from their expanded numbers in the last 150 years has prevented the natural regeneration of the native pinewoods throughout the Highlands.
	www.treesforlife.org.uk /tfl.scpine.html (2167 words)

	Pine Wilt
		The pinewood nematode is transmitted from pine to pine by a bark beetle, the pine sawyer (Monochamus carolinensis).
		In established pine plantings such as landscape settings, windbreaks, and Christmas tree farms, the only control measure is to remove affected trees and burn, bury or chip the wood before May 1.
		The pine sawyer bark beetles are attracted to stressed trees so, plantings should be kept from stress situations by controlling diseases and insects as well as providing water during extended dry periods.
	www.oznet.ksu.edu /dp_hfrr/extensn/problems/pinewilt.htm (897 words)

	Scots pine - Pinus sylvestris: More Information - ARKive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Scots pine ranges across Europe and Asia, from the Iberian peninsular and Turkey in the south to the edge of the Siberian tundra.
		Pines seal damage to their trunks and branches by producing resin; a sticky, viscose secretion that protects the tree against entry by insects and fungal spores.
		Scots pine is not a threatened species but for centuries it has been cleared from much of its British range.
	www.arkive.org /species/ARK/plants_and_algae/Pinus_sylvestris/more_info.html (650 words)

	[No title]
		Within the scope of this subproject, a mechanistic model for wind damage of Scots pine was developed in orderto fully describe the mechanistic behaviour of trees exposed to wind loading.
		Wind and tree swaying measurements conducted both along the stand edge and a distance of two tree heights into a stand of Scots pine, before and after the first thinning (2700 and 1500 stems per ha), concentrated on the relationship between windspeed and the resulting stem displacement using spectral analysis technique (Peltola 1995, 1996a).
		This subproject also involved model computations in order to evaluate the risk of windthrow of Scots pine along the margins of clearfelled areas by evaluating this risk in terms of the turning moment arising from the dynamic wind load (Peltola 1995, 1996b).
	gis.joensuu.fi /research/silmu/juttu7.html (1342 words)

	BioMatNet Item: FAIR-CT96-1447 - Silviculture and Biodiversity of Scots pine Forests
		Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most widespread pine species in Europe - and in the world - with a European distribution stretching from Scotland to the Ural mountains and from Spain to Scandinavia.
		There are clear differences in approach between those member states where Scots pine stands are seen as the preliminary stage in the restoration of a more diverse (generally mixed conifer-broadleaved species) forest ecosystem and those where Scots pine is considered as a major and continuing component of the forest.
		There is clearly considerable knowledge concerning Scots pine ecosystems available in the various member states but this is often confined to a particular country or even a region within a country.
	www.biomatnet.org /secure/Fair/S1013.htm (1635 words)

	Scots Pine
		The Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.; family Pinaceae) is a common tree ranging from Great Britain and Spain east to eastern Siberia and the Caucasus Mountains, and as far north as Lapland.
		In the north of its range, it occurs from sea level to 1000m, while in the south of its range, it is a high altitude mountain tree, growing at 1200-2500m altitude.
		The name derives from French pin (pine); in the past (pre-19th century) this species was more often known as "Scots Fir" (from Danish fyr), but "fir" is now restriced to Abies and Pseudotsuga in English.
	www.woodworkingtoolstore.com /Scots-Pine.html (549 words)

	Scots Pine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The colour of a Scots pine is variable; some trees may be blue-green while others are yellow-green.
		The Scots pine, which is the most popular Canadian Christmas tree, is not a native of North America.
		The Scots pine is a thick, hardy tree that holds its needles well over the holidays.
	www.bcchristmastrees.com /TreeSpeciesScotspine.html (190 words)

	Forest Research - 50 years of tree breeding - Field progeny - Scots pine
		Progeny testing in Scots pine started a little earlier than in Sitka spruce, and by the end of the 1960s nearly 50 progeny tests comprising 16 series were established in the forest.
		A further 64 Scots pine half-sib progeny tests (19 series) were planted in the 1970s and 21 in the first four years of the 1980s (7 series).
		In 1997, a complete analysis of all Scots pine progeny tests designed to estimate breeding values was carried out and 226 plus trees were re-selected for any new breeding population envisaged in the future (Lee, 1997b).
	www.forestry.gov.uk /website/forestresearch.nsf/ByUnique/INFD-5WRF95?Open&PrintFriendly=y (513 words)

	Forestry Commission - News - what can the scots pine do for scotland?
		Scots pine trees - icons of the Highland landscape - will come under the spotlight at an important conference in the Highlands next month.
		Scots pine forests also provide an important opportunity to add value locally to timber products, particularly in house building and renewable energy, and to provide non-market benefits such as wildlife tourism.
		The "Scots Pine and Rural Development" conference will be held on Friday the 1st and Saturday the 2nd October at the Hilton Coylumbridge Hotel, near Aviemore - on the doorstep of some of Scotland's most magnificent pinewoods.
	www.forestry.gov.uk /NewsRele.nsf/HomepageWebPressReleases/5BF40C3A1396D53F80256F09005862A6?Open&PrintFriendly=y (989 words)

	[No title]
		Pine needle oil is steam distilled from the fresh needles, branch tips, or the combined fresh branches with needles and branch tips of Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine or Norway pine) or other essential oil-containing species of Pinus (DAB 1997).
		Scots pine is an evergreen conifer tree native to Eurasia, introduced to North America by European settlers, now cultivated extensively in the eastern United States and Canada.
		In Germany, pine needle oil is official in the German Pharmacopoeia, the Standard Licenses for Finished Drugs Monographs, and it is also approved by Commission E. Drops of the essential oil are added to boiling water for inhalation of steam vapor as a supportive treatment for catarrhal diseases of the respiratory tract.
	www.herbalgram.org /bodywise/ExpandedCommissionE/he077.asp (1429 words)

	A 7500-YEAR UNBROKEN SCOTS PINE TREE-RING CHRONOLOGY FOR FINNISH LAPLAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris, L.) immigrated to northern Finnish Lapland by 9.5 - 9 ka calBP and spread in favourable climatic conditions to a larger area than that occupied by pine forests today.
		A large number of subfossil pine trunks and stumps have been preserved in small lakes in Lapland in the present treeline area and also beyond it.
		5520 B.C. Several studies have shown that the tree rings of forest-limit pines in northern Fennoscandia are good indicators of past summer temperatures, the July ones being the predominant decisive factor for the radial growth of pine.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/inqu/finalprogram/abstract_55390.htm (491 words)

	Scots pine - Pinus sylvestris - ARKive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Scots pine is one of only three native conifers found in the UK and our only true cone-bearing tree.
		Although Scots pine can trace its earliest British ancestry back to the end of the Ice Age, it is something of an anomaly in that relatively few of the trees living today are directly descended from those early colonisers.
		There was estimated to be little more than 10,000 hectares of native Scots pine forest left in Scotland by the 1970s.
	www.arkive.org /species/ARK/plants_and_algae/Pinus_sylvestris (253 words)

	TREES AND SHRUBS - SCOTS PINE
		Scots pine provides a popular timber also used to make paper.
		Scots pine likes the heat and moisture of low-lying hills.
		In the central and eastern Pyrenees, Scots pine is less at home and grows in the most tortuous shapes.
	www.pyrenees-decouvertes.com /en/faunes/arbres/pin-sy/index.php (110 words)

	Watch for Sawflies & Tent Caterpillars
		Two early season tree pests to be watching for are the European pine sawfly and the eastern tent caterpillar.
		Branches on mugo pine appearing to move when you walk by is typically how people get introduced to European pine sawfly larva.
		Pines should only be pruned by cutting back the new candle growth, which typically appears in June.
	www.urbanext.uiuc.edu /stateline/010426.html (333 words)

	Scots Pine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Scots Pines have been widely-planted Christmas trees for over 30 years.
		Today's Scots Pine are consistent sellers, complements tree lots alongside all the other species you present to you customers.
		The needles of Scots Pine are quite stiff and variable in length, ranging from slightly over one inch for some varieties to nearly three inches for others.
	www.treesrus.ca /scots_pine.htm (132 words)

	Cairngorms National Park Authority - News - Press Release - 'Scots Pine - a tree for all!' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Speaking at the 'Scots Pine and Rural Development' conference tomorrow (Saturday 2 October), Andrew Thin will outline to delegates the iconic value of the Scots pine and its social and economic benefits.
		He will tell delegates how the Scots pine is an integral part of the National Park's aims - to be an international model of sustainable management and development - and how this particular tree has been a key ingredient in the quality of his own life.
		This new and updated version funded by Europe through the Highlands and Islands Special Transitional Programme is a practical guide to woodland owners, foresters and anyone interested in pine forests on the establishment, caring and management of Scot's pine for timber, in the context of wider interests.
	www.cairngorms.co.uk /news/release.php?releaseID=43 (839 words)

	Canadian Food Inspection Agency - Plant Health Division - Policy Directive D-94-22 - PLANT PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS ON ...
		All pine trees taller than 1 metre and having a bole diameter greater than 3 cm at the soil level must be inspected at the 100% level by a CFIA inspector, for signs of PSB.
		All pine trees shorter than 1 metre or having a bole diameter 3 cm or less, except pine seedlings of 0-3 years, must be inspected at a minimum of 10% by a CFIA inspector, for signs of PSB.
		Pine seedlings of 0-3 years must be inspected at a minimum of 5% by a CFIA inspector, for signs of PSB.
	www.inspection.gc.ca /english/plaveg/protect/dir/d-94-22e.shtml (7153 words)

	European Pine Sawfly - Penn State Entomology Department Fact Sheet
		This aesthetic damage is most apparent on mugo pine in landscapes and nurseries and Scots pine grown in Christmas tree plantations.
		It may be possible to plant varieties of Scots pine that are less susceptible to damage caused by this pest.
		Northern cultivars of Scots pine are known to be more resistant to attack than southern ones.
	www.ento.psu.edu /extension/factsheets/eupinesawfly.htm (864 words)

	Pines (X) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pines are conifers with NEEDLES attached in a BUNDLE.
		There are three species of pine trees native to the U.P., white pine, red pine, and jack pine.
		In northern Europe, Scots pine displays excellent form and is a commercially important tree.
	forestry.msu.edu /uptreeid/Species/pines.htm (522 words)

	Scots pine forest? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Scots pines and a pine log pile (3 m long logs) ready for loading.
		Pine logs must be taken away before pine shoot beetles Tomicus piniperda and T.
		Otherwise, the beetles will fly to the crowns of pine trees and bore into the shoots which later in the winter will fall off.
	www.wcrl.ars.usda.gov /cec/pine/pine10.htm (103 words)

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