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Topic: Scottish Enlightenment

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Age of Enlightenment

History of Scotland

David Hume

Thomas Reid

Berwickshire

Scottish Lowlands

Scottish Agricultural Revolution

Henry Home, Lord Kames

Enlightened absolutism

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	Scottish Studies - History
		Finally, in the modern era, 18th century Edinburgh was known as the ‘Athens of the North’, reflecting its central contribution to the European Enlightenment and the establishment of modern thought through the work of individuals such as Adam Smith in economics, David Hume in philosophy, and James Hutton in geology.
		Towns, rivers, mountains and regions across the West were named in honour of the Scottish explorers, traders, and adventurers who formed the vanguard of the movement of Europeans across the continent.
		Burns, Scott and Stevenson who were always popular with Scottish immigrants, are being re-discovered and re-evaluated in modern literary studies while contemporary Scottish writers and poets such as Hugh McDiarmond, Edwin Muir, Muriel Spark, William McIlvanny, Liz Lochhead, Sorley MacLean and Irvine Welsh demonstrate the on-going strength of this literary tradition.
	www.sfu.ca /scottish/history.html (466 words)

	Scottish Enlightenment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Scottish Enlightenment was a period of intellectual ferment in Scotland, running from approximately 1740 to 1800.
		The first major figure of the Scottish Enlightenment was Francis Hutcheson, who held the Chair of Philosophy at the University of Glasgow from 1729 to 1746.
		This was expressed historically in works by major Scottish thinkers such as Adam Ferguson, John Millar, and William Robertson, all of whom merged a scientific study of how humans behave in ancient and primitive cultures with a strong awareness of the determining forces of modernity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scottish_Enlightenment (611 words)

	Age of Enlightenment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thus The Enlightenment extolled the ideals of liberty, property and rationality which are still recognizable as the basis for most political philosophies even in the present era; that is, of a free individual being mostly free within the dominion of the state whose role is to provide stability to those natural laws.
		The Enlightenment was a time when the solar system was truly "discovered": with the accurate calculation of orbits, such as Halley's comet, the discovery of the first planet since antiquity, Uranus by William Herschel, and the calculation of the mass of the Sun using Newton's theory of universal gravitation.
		Alternatively, the Enlightenment was used as a powerful symbol to argue for the supremacy of rationalism and rationalization, and therefore any attack on it is connected to despotism and madness, for example in the writings of Gertrude Himmelfarb and Robert Nozick.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/The_Enlightenment (4692 words)

	TheScottishEnlightenment in SocialThoughtWiki
		Scottish scholars and clergymen looked to the universities and seminaries of Continental Europe, rather than England, to further their educations and garner intellectual inspiration.
		Scottish agriculture was semi-feudal and unproductive, run via the "run-rig" system in unenclosed fields with peculiarly short tenancies.
		The Scottish Enlightenment came to an end in the early 1800s, due largely to the rise of Christian pietism in Scotland.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /classes/cluster21/wiki/index.pl?TheScottishEnlightenment (1603 words)

	Scottish Enlightenment
		Also, unlike the French, the Scottish thinkers were particularly concerned with economic growth and development, the consequences of international trade and the mechanics of an emerging urban, commercial, bourgeois society -- concerns reflecting the reality of post-1707 Scotland.
		The "Scottish Enlightenment" stretched roughly from 1740 to 1790.
		Although the achievements of the Scottish scholars were toasted in France, they did not have an immediate impact south of the border.
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/schools/scottish.htm (1987 words)

	Scottish Philosophy in the 18th Century (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Philosophy was at the core of the eighteenth century movement known as the Scottish Enlightenment.
		Hutcheson influenced most of the Scottish philosophers who succeeded him, perhaps all of them, whether because he helped to set their agenda or because they appropriated, in a form suitable to their needs, certain of his doctrines.
		Another eighteenth century Scottish thinker who devotes considerable space to it is Hugh Blair (1718-1800), minister of the High Kirk of St Giles in Edinburgh and first professor of rhetoric and belles lettres at Edinburgh University.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/scottish-18th (6799 words)

	The Scottish Enlightenment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Scottish Enlightenment was the period in the late 18
		The Enlightenment was an era of highly innovative thought which flourished under the general support of the established Church.
		David Hume, a philosopher of the Enlightenment era, attributed the Enlightenment to ‘a land of toleration and liberty’.
	www.portfolio.mvm.ed.ac.uk /studentwebs/session4/2/scottish.htm (158 words)

	History Scotland Magazine: Review - Michael Fry, The Scottish Empire
		The writing of Scottish history is now a far more flourishing field than it was even a couple of decades ago, but it still has some distance to go to catch up with the denser and more sophisticated historiographies of more fashionable fields.
		Patronage and Enlightenment were inseparable, in both Church and State, and Fry is surely right to say that its abolition was a disaster for the Scots, who never loomed so large or influential in the British imperial experience thereafter.
		There were very significant Scottish immigrant communities in the country, an expanding creole successor empire that conquered much of its land mass in the latter nineteenth century, exterminating its Indians systematically (you were paid more for a female Indian scalp than a male, as females bred).
	www.historyscotland.com /bookreviews/scottishempire.html (1699 words)

	Enlightenment -> Background and Basic Tenets on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Encyclopédie of Denis Diderot epitomized the spirit of the Age of Enlightenment, or Age of Reason, as it is also called.
		Nevada Barr's, "Seeking Enlightenment Hat by Hat," is a nonfiction memoir.
		Shakti Gawain is a pioneer of the New Age movement whose books were considered among the must-reads of enlightenment long before the movement became mainstream.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/enlighte_backgroundandbasictenets.asp (496 words)

	Journal of Australian Studies: The Elephant's Bed? Scottish Enlightenment Ideas and the Foundations of New South ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Scottish Enlightenment Ideas and the Foundations of New South Wales.@ HighBeam Research
		Scottish Enlightenment Ideas and the Foundations of New South Wales.
		The flowering of the Scottish enlightenment was brief but bright and marked by few parallels in its influence on the evolution of ideas in...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:78538829&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (124 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Fraser Nelson - Blair's age of Scottish Enlightenment
		Both countries produced an Enlightenment which went on to shape different parts of the world, yet the French Revolution is internationally celebrated and the Scottish intellectual revolution has been virtually forgotten.
		All this in spite of the fact that the French Revolution was an utter failure, leading to a campaign of mass murder, an imperial despotism and, eventually, the restoration of the monarchy.
		The Scottish Enlightenment is not only breaking through the windows of 10 Downing Street but is shining on the former Warsaw Pact states who adopt a low-tax, small-government agenda.
	news.scotsman.com /topics.cfm?tid=230&id=803252004 (1332 words)

	Scottish Diaspora Project - The Tartan Transformation Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		During this time, the ideas of the Scottish Enlightenment influenced the economic, social and constitutional thought of leaders throughout the colonies.
		To identify and develop cornerstone concepts and ideas of a Second Enlightenment, which are consistent with COTF principles, and which can be utilized to help those with Scottish heritage understand the intent and focus of the overall project.
		Develop an annual event which would pay tribute to their Scottish heritage and, at the same time, offer something of importance to the community (e.g., become a tourist event for economic development).
	tartan.communitiesofthefuture.org /scottish-diaspora.html (1729 words)

	[No title]
		To reconcile the paradox of chosen and given identities; ii.To do this through examination of the history and modernity of Scottish identity; iii.To use the Scottish example as a basis for a general theory of national identities.
		It became arguably easier for those with a Scottish accent to be integrated ‘Scots’ than for those whose accent was not ‘Scottish’, irrespective of background.
		In that general field of inquiry, the Scottish case is an outstandingly appropriate example, a synecdoche for the function of culture as an expression of nationality.
	www.sfu.ca /scottish/pittock_lecture.doc (2136 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Books \| By genre \| Review: Scottish Enlightenment: The Scots' Invention of the Modern World by ...
		At 16, the poverty-stricken Ayrshire ploughman was versed in Shakespeare, Alexander Pope, Locke, the Scottish poets and the French Enlightenment philosophers.
		The upper echelons of Scottish society refused to be intimidated by English cultural and linguistic dominance.
		There is, however, no mention of the Scottish role in slavery and racism, particularly in the formation and development of the Ku Klux Klan, which was formed by defeated Scots Confederate officers in the south.
	books.guardian.co.uk /reviews/history/0,6121,635676,00.html (1467 words)

	A new Scottish enlightenment: transport, telematics and the reduction of social exclusion
		The new Scottish enlightenment is, of course, part of a broader social movement of electronic participation by the previously sidelined, excluded or marginalised.
		Extending participation in transport planning is itself an act of enlightenment: previous views of the relationship between community and public service provision advantaged the ‘expert’ over the ‘resident’.
		Telematics, transport and the reduction of social exclusion: a new Scottish enlightenment.
	www.geocities.com /transport_and_society/enlightenment.html (3779 words)

	The Primacy of Moral Philosophy: Dugald Stewart and the Scottish Enlightenment
		Dugald Stewart was an influential teacher and philosopher during the final years of the Scottish Enlightenment.
		In 1804 Stewart's own student, Francis Jeffrey, gave public voice to the charge that the science of mind (which constituted the central part of Scottish common sense philosophy) was outdated, unscientific and useless.
		Thereafter, Stewart was engaged in what he saw as an urgent task - the defence of the very status of philosophy and the role of the philosopher.
	www4.gu.edu.au:8080 /adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030303.100636 (300 words)

	The Cambridge Companion to the Scottish Enlightenment - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In addition, the contributors relate the Scottish Enlightenment to its historical context and assess its impact and legacy in Europe, America and beyond.
		The context of the Scottish Enlightenment Roger Emerson; 2.
		The political theory of the Scottish Enlightenment Fania Oz-Salzberger; 9.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521003237 (347 words)

	'Out-Englishing' Scottish Enlightenment \| Robert Coates reviews Arthur Herman
		Such expectation was underlined by the rather sadistic practice by Scottish parents of drilling their unfortunate children in the content of the minister’s sermon to ensure that they had not been sleeping.
		Another democratising aspect of Scottish culture was the incredibly crowded, unhygienic and yet social custom of Scottish cities to jam nobles together with lawyers, artisans, criminals and ‘caddies’ (porters) into the same tenements and drinking establishments, which meant an elsewhere unknown melting pot of ideas not to mention golfing potential.
		So most of the principal figures of the Scottish Enlightenment did their utmost to distance themselves from the Jacobites and yet without the failure of the ‘45’ and with it the hope of an independent nation, the Scottish ‘takeover’ would not have happened.
	www.justbookreviews.net /Arthur_Herman.html (1040 words)

	PBS: Think Tank: Transcript for "Great Scots!"
		But not long after, Scottish philosophers created a common sense approach to the study of political economy, one whose reverberations are still being felt around the globe, now more powerfully than ever.
		In my case without realizing I was ever gonna write a book about the Scottish Enlightenment, one of the places that we were attracted to reinvest and to, therefore, build the country of Scotland in the Sixties, Seventies, and Eighties was to invest in high technology businesses in Scotland.
		But the French Enlightenment tends to put its faith not in individuals or entrepreneurs but at those who hold power at the top whether they were a monarchical government, as someone like Voltaire did or a revolutionary as happens later as the French Enlightenment morphs into the French Revolution.
	www.pbs.org /thinktank/transcript1107.html (2112 words)

	Powell's Books - Crowded with Genius: The Scottish Enlightenment: Edinburgh's Moment of the Mind by James Buchan
		In as much as the country was ruled at all during the long ascendancy in London of Sir Robert Walpole, it was controlled by the Duke of Argyll and a clutch of law officers.
		Yet by century's end, the ancient Scottish capital had become the marvel of modern Europe, thanks to a group of friends whose trailblazing ingenuity and passion for ideas changed the way all of us look at the world.
		It was in Edinburgh that a unique gathering of the finest minds of the day came together and made breathtaking innovations in architecture, politics, science, the arts and economics, all of which continue to echo loudly today.
	www.powells.com /cgi-bin/biblio?inkey=62-0060558881-0 (1128 words)

	ALSL Conference
		A collection of essays to celebrate both the centenary and the literary achievement of Lewis Grassic Gibbon will be published in June of this year by the Association of Scottish Literary Studies with the support of The Grassic Gibbon Centre at Arbuthnott.
		On the other hand, there is currently an on-going project (first with Polygon, now with Birlinn) to bring the Mitchell ‘English’ fiction back into print and we hope that this centenary collection of essay may provide the impetus for a new exploration and evaluation of the English work in future studies.
		Nine - Lewis Grassic Gibbon and the Scottish Enlightenment
	www.grassicgibbon.com /ASLSConference.htm (547 words)

	Reception of the Scottish Enlightenment in Germany : (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Scottish philosophy had a decisive impact in the eighteenth century, not only on the English-speaking world but also on the Enlightenment in central Europe.
		Although some of the works by Scottish philosophers were known and discussed before the death of Christian Wolff, their importance increased considerably after the decline of German school metaphysics around the middle of the century.
		The translations were often used by important German Enlightenment thinkers and philosophers such as Lessing and Christian Garve, and several were provided with interesting introductions and commentaries by their translators and editors.
	www.thoemmes.com /scottish/reception.htm (491 words)

	Telegraph \| Opinion \| Scottish enlightenment
		Some Scottish education experts believe that the slump may have resulted from a new requirement that marks are awarded only for work carried out under strict examination conditions, as opposed to coursework done at home on which pupils can receive unofficial help.
		Gordon Jeyes, general secretary of the Association of Directors of Education in Scotland, has said that the results confirmed that the way in which English was taught in Scottish schools "needs further attention".
		That is an admirable, commonsensical conclusion, one that is made possible by the fact that the Scottish examination is rigorous enough to act as a clear diagnostic tool.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2003/08/14/dl1401.xml&sSheet=/opinion/2003/08/14/ixopinion.html (450 words)

	Scottish Enlightenment and the American College Ideal by Douglas Sloan, New, Used Books, Cheap Prices, ISBN 0807721689
		The Scottish Enlightenment: An Anthology (By Alexander Broadie (Editor))
		Philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment (By Vincent Hope (Editor))
		Scottish Enlightenment and the Militia Issue (By John Robertson)
	www.bookfinder4u.com /detail/0807721689.html (188 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Scotland - 'We should open our eyes to our Enlightenment'
		The Scottish Enlightenment refers to a 60-year period in the 18th century when Scotland was benefiting from the prosperity brought by free trade within the British Empire and the introduction the first public education in Europe since classical times.
		It was in a profound sense a confrontation between the ideas of the French Enlightenment, mediated by Marx, and the Scottish Enlightenment," he said.
		THE Scottish Enlightenment refers to the flowering of intellectual life across Scotland's major universities in the mid-18th century.
	news.scotsman.com /scotland.cfm?id=2132822005 (1009 words)

	Knowledge Problem: Comment on ESSAYS ON THE SCOTTISH ENLIGHTENMENT
		Well, yes, Lynne, but I have to point out that the great majority of Scottish Enlightenment figures would have thought any assertion that their former backwater was "religion-oppressed" very strange indeed.
		Most of Scotland's enlightenment "greats" came to public prominence by publishing their university lectures, or in some cases having their lectures published by keen students.
		Interestingly, I was reviewing a list of items sent by a Scottish mother to her 16 year old son who had taken up a position as a clerk with the East India Company in Calcutta in the 1780s.
	www.knowledgeproblem.com /cgi-bin/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=986 (381 words)

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