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Topic: Scottish Reformation

	Reformation - MSN Encarta
		The early reform movement in Switzerland, contemporaneous with the Reformation in Germany, was led by the Swiss pastor Huldreich Zwingli, who became known in 1518 through his vigorous denunciation of the sale of indulgences.
		The Reformation in France was initiated early in the 16th century by a group of mystics and humanists who gathered at Meaux near Paris under the leadership of Lefèvre d'Étaples.
		The Parliament subsequently created the Scottish Presbyterian church and provided for the government of the church by local kirk (Scottish word for church) sessions and by a general assembly representing the local churches of the entire country.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761562628_2/Reformation.html (1393 words)

	§1. The reformation in Scotland. VII. Reformation and Renascence in Scotland. Vol. 3. Renascence and Reformation. ...
		The literature produced under these conditions was essentially a reformation literature, and its relation to the movement of the reformation is its predominating characteristic.
		Scotland now possessed three universities; but to equip these in accordance with the new ideals of the time was beyond her resources, and the same difficulty stood in the way of maintaining great schools such as the renascence had originated in other countries.
		From the beginning to the end of the struggle, the Scottish reformers had to contend against the consistent opposition of the crown, and it was only as the result of civil war that the victory of their cause was at length assured.
	www.bartleby.com /213/0701.html (897 words)

	Scottish Reformation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Scottish Reformation was Scotland's formal break with the papacy in 1560, and the events surrounding this.
		It was part of the wider European Reformation; and in Scotland's case culminated ecclesiastically in the re-establishment of the church along Reformed lines, and politically in the triumph of English influence over that of France.
		By 1557, some Scottish lords ('the Lords of the Congregation') drew up a covenant to 'maintain, set forth, and establish the most blessed Word of God and his Congregation.' This was followed by outbreaks of iconoclasm in 1558-9.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scottish_Reformation (2320 words)

	Scottish Reformation Parliament - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Scottish Reformation Parliament is the name given to the Scottish Parliament commencing in 1560 that passed the major pieces of legislation leading to the Scottish Reformation, most importantly Confession of Faith Ratification Act 1560 and Papal Jurisdiction Act 1560.
		However upon the return of Knox from Geneva, Scottish protestants rallied around him and the Scottish Reformation came strongly under the influence of Calvinism.
		A Reformed confession of faith was drafted by six ministers: John Winram, John Spottiswoode, John Willock, John Douglas, John Row, and John Knox.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scottish_Reformation_Parliament (459 words)

	Reformation
		The Reformation of the 16th century was a movement within Western Christendom to purge the church of medieval abuses and to restore the doctrines and practices that the reformers believed conformed with the Bible and the New Testament model of the church.
		The reformer's three famous treatises of 1520, An Open Letter to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation Concerning the Reform of the Christian Estate, The Babylonian Captivity of the Church, and On the Freedom of a Christian, also won him powerful popular support.
		Finally, the Reformation introduced much radical change in thought and in ecclesiastical and political organization and thus began many of the trends that are taken to characterize the modern world.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txn/reformat.htm (1609 words)

	Scottish Reformation
		In August 1560 the Scottish Parliament passed a series of measures that ended all links with Rome, proscribed the celebration of the mass and authorised a Protestant confession of faith.
		The antecedents of these momentous changes, passed by what is significantly usually described as the 'Reformation Parliament', had been in existence for some years beforehand and, in the case of the deterioration of the Church, for a lengthy period.
		Consequently their attendance in large numbers at the Reformation Parliament signified a desire to have a greater voice in national affairs and to play a substantial role in the establishment of the reformed Kirk.
	www.visitdunkeld.com /scottish-reformation.htm (1818 words)

	TallSkinnyKiwi: Reformation Day: A little Scottish Oats With Your Bratwurst? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		And we think of Protestant Reformers around the world, before and after Luther, including ourselves, those of us who are still involved in the ongoing process to refine the church into what she should be.
		Reformers preached in the fields and often had guns to protect themselves - thus the bloody squrmishes.
		Thinking about the violence of the times and the strength of feeling of the disciples of both the reformation and antireformation, I can only offer this as a reminder that there are no winners in conflict, religious or otherwise.
	tallskinnykiwi.typepad.com /tallskinnykiwi/2006/10/reformation_day.html (1344 words)

	Scottish Metrical Psalter
		It was the Reformer's desire to give the people their rightful place in worship that the Romish Church had denied them.
		One of these was the Scottish Reformer John Knox, who along with other exiles produced a Book of Order for use in the English Congregation at Geneva.
		As a consequence of the Second Scottish Reformation it was decided to reform religion in the three kingdoms, hence the Westminster Assembly of Divines 1643-1647.
	www.cprf.co.uk /articles/scottishmetricalpsalter.htm (992 words)

	The Protestant Reformation In Scotland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		His unfinished History of the Reformation of Religion in the Realm of Scotland is a dramatic autobiographical account of the Scottish Reformation to about 1564.
		From its beginning in 1517, the Reformation brought religious and political opposition from the church and from civil rulers.
		Calvin expanded the idea that Christianity was intended to reform all of society, and he lectured and wrote on politics, social problems, and international issues as part of Christian responsibility.
	www.dwilliamso.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /protestascotland.htm (1150 words)

	The Dawning Light: The Reformation in Scotland An Overview of Scottish Presbyterian History - Part One
		The goal of this series on Scottish Presbyterianism is to acquaint us better with the glorious workings of God, and by this, to become more skilled and efficient in our effort to build and labor in His righteous kingdom.
		Secondly, because the Scottish church dealt with situations which are similar to ours today, we can learn much from the way that church applied God's Word to those problems.
		Reformation thought was shaping the direction of things to come at breakneck speed.
	www.reformed.org /webfiles/antithesis/v1n1/ant_v1n1_dawn.html (2852 words)

	VII. Reformation and Renascence in Scotland: Bibliography. Vol. 3. Renascence and Reformation. The Cambridge History of ...
		Ross, J. Scottish History and Literature to the Period of the Reformation.
		Bibliographies of Alane are given by Ward, A. W., article on Alesius in D. of N. B., and by Hay Fleming in A. Mitchell’s The Scottish Reformation, Its Epochs, Episodes, Leaders and Distinctive Characteristics, 1900.
		1, note 1; Lorimer, P., The Scottish Reformation: A Historical Sketch, London and Glasgow, 1860; Precursors of Knox, or Memoirs of Patrick Hamilton, Alexander Alane or Alesius, and Sir David Lindsay of the Mount, 1857.
	www.bartleby.com /213/0700.html (2238 words)

	Reformation - More References
		The Scottish Reformation Society was founded in 1851 and seeks to promote a witness to the History, Theology and Principles of the Protestant Reformation.
		Reformation Scotland, provided by Michigan State University, is a link list of numerous resources providing information about the Reformation in Scotland.
		Covenanters, Covenants, and Covenanting in Defense of the Covenanted Reformation Reformed Presbyterian Church (Covenanted)
	thecapitalscot.com /reform/8more_refscot.html (231 words)

	Reformation
		The Reformation was the defining period for Presbyterianism.
		People argue the relative merits of social and narrative history, and whether the period before the Reformation was as dark as traditionally portrayed, whether the changes took place fast or slow, from above or below, from the centre or from the periphery.
		The relationships of cousins on the thrones of England and Scotland may have been troubled, but increasingly a Scottish relationship with England meant Reform, and one with France meant the maintenance of the old religion.
	www.schoolofministry.ac.nz /reformed/reformation.htm (1178 words)

	The Scots' Confession (1560) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Bitter struggle had erupted between the supporters of the Roman Catholic Church led by the Queen Regent Mary of Guise and those who embraced the Reformation and opposed Catholicism, which is derogatorily referred to as Papism.
		John Knox, the leader of the Reformation in Scotland, and five other ministers drew up the Scots' Confession in four days, which was promptly ratified by the Parliament.
		Such kirks, we the inhabitants of the realm of Scotland confessing Christ Jesus, do claim to have in our cities, towns, and reformed districts because of the doctrine taught in our kirks, contained in the written word of God, that is, the Old and New Testaments, in those books which were originally reckoned as canonical.
	www.cresourcei.org /creedscots.html (2845 words)

	Scottish History 1C
		These enactments are testimony to the thrust of protestant attacks focused on the mass, the sacraments, auricular confession, free will, papal authority and the cult of Mary and the saints, and an indication of the rise in clandestine meetings - conventicles and ‘privy kirks’ - for protestant worship and study of the vernacular scriptures.
		Archbishop Hamilton’s policy of ‘internal reform’, to be effected through a series of provincial councils of the Scottish church, meeting in 1549, 1552, 1559.
		Scottish council of 1549 blamed the church’s troubles on ‘the corruption of morals and profane lewdness of life in churchmen of almost all ranks, together with crass ignorance of literature and of all the liberal arts’.
	www2.arts.gla.ac.uk /History/Scottish/Level1/level1C-material.htm (4876 words)

	The Puritans and Revival Christianity
		The Reformation, and still more, Puritanism, have been considered from many aspects but it has been too often overlooked that the main features of these movements, as, for instance, the extensiveness of their influence, the singular position given to Scripture and the transformation in character of the morally careless, are all effects of revival.
		In their understanding of the gospel and in practical divinity the Christians of England and Scotland were then one, and the expositions of the Scottish divines were as eagerly read in London as were the writings of the English Puritans north of the Border.
		The problem which confronted the English and Scottish evangelicals in 1560 was basically the same, namely the need to spread the gospel at the parish level in countries which had become formally Protestant.
	www.puritansermons.com /banner/murray2.htm (3718 words)

	Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes. Volume I. The History of Creeds. \| Christian Classics ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Reformation in Scotland was far more consistent and radical than in England, and resulted in the establishment of Calvinistic Presbyterianism under the sole headship of Christ.
		In England the crown and the bishops favored the Reformation, in Scotland they opposed it; but Scotch royalty was a mere shadow compared with the English, and was, during that crisis, represented by a woman as blundering and unfortunate as Elizabeth was sagacious and successful.
		George Buchanan, the Erasmus of Scotland, the classical tutor of Mary and her son James, maintained, as the Scotch doctrine, that governments existed for the sake of the governed, which in England was regarded at that time as the sum of all heresy and rebellion.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/creeds1.ix.vii.i.html (1682 words)

	Scottish Blog - April 2006, 25 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Scottish reformation was a time in which the Church of Scotland, which at the time was Catholic was reformed into a Protestant church.
		The Catholic faith was overthrown by the Scottish government and the Protestant faith was adopted, in 1560.
		The Scottish Blog is set up by the Scottish Heirloom Jewelry Company, makes of Scottish Crest Jewelry as an interactive area where visitors, customers and staff can post their thoughts, ask questions - and have some fun.
	www.scottish-heirloom.com /scottish-blog/index.php/2006/04/25 (333 words)

	The Scottish Flag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Scottish flag is the Cross of St. Andrew, also known as the Saltire.
		The Protestant cause, propounded by Knox, Wishart and others, won out over Roman Catholicism during the Reformation and the "idolatry of Catholicism", that is the Saints, relics, decoration of churches, were expunged during the process of converting the Roman Catholic churches of Scotland to the harsh simplicity of Knox's brand of Calvanism.
		Although based on an older Scottish flag than the St.Andrew's Cross, it should, strictly speaking, now only be used by the monarch in relation to her capacity as Queen in Scotland.
	www.basecamp.cnchost.com /scotflag.htm (972 words)

	Christopher Ryan Fields - UF Journal of Undergraduate Research Scholar Profile
		The Scottish Reformation has often been painted as the inevitable result of the church’s corruption and spiritual bankruptcy.
		Gordon Donaldson’s “The Scottish Reformation,” which still remains the standard overview of this period, maintains this thesis and posits the larger-than-life reformer John Knox as simply a man of charisma and fortunate circumstance.
		The Reformation soon became synonymous with Knox’s program, and an underlying assumption eventually emerged in the study of the Scottish Reformation that the Reformation was one-sided (Knox’s side) and fairly straightforward.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /jur/200607/profiles/fields.html (436 words)

	Today in Church History
		Born in 1514, Knox trained for the priesthood and was converted under George Wishart, an early martyr of the Scottish Reformation.
		Upon his return to Scotland in 1559 he led in the development of the Scottish Reformed Church, introducing Reformed worship in his Forme of Prayers and Presbyterian polity in his Book of Discipline.
		In addition, his Scottish Confession, approved by the Scottish Parliament in 1560, was the confession standard of the Church of Scotland until it was superceded by the Westminster Standards in 1647.
	www.opc.org /today.html?history_id=47 (198 words)

	Story of the Church - English and Scottish Reformation
		The Scottish Reformation was a totally different story than the English, and it has great impact on us as Americans.
		Rather, the Scottish kings were a separate line, dominated by the French.
		Ultimately the highest literary expression of the faith of Scottish Presbyterians was an English document, the excellent Westminster Confession of Faith (1646), and its Catechisms, to which we shall return next week.
	www.ritchies.net /p4wk6.htm (2847 words)

	Psalmody and a FREE Copy the Scottish Metrical Psalter (1650) (Summaries by Reg Barrow)
		The text of the Scottish Metrical Psalms was authorized by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1650.
		This Psalter passed through the intense scrutiny of -- and was authorized for public use by -- both the Westminster Assembly and the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland (at the height of her purity) in the mid seventeenth century.
		Moreover, this Psalter was produced to further national and international covenanted Reformation -- and to fulfill the intent of the Solemn League and Covenant for biblically regulated worship and biblical uniformity.
	www.swrb.com /newslett/freebook/scotpsal.htm (3121 words)

	Reformation CD#1 - John Knox & Bonus Books: DiscountBible.com bible study software and bibles
		The Scottish reformer asserted that the wicked believe works to be a part of salvation, but a true preacher must exclude them from justification as did Christ and the prophets.
		Given the lack of truly Reformed churches in many areas, this letter, full of practical advise, should be a welcome addition to the libraries of those seeking to remain ecclesiastically faithful to the Lord.
		The Covenanting Martyrs and the Revival of the Covenants!" from the Reformed Presbyterian Catechism.
	www.discountbible.com /bible.mvc?p=S_R1 (7152 words)

	Reformation Scotland - Promoting a witness to the History, Theology and Principles of the Scottish Reformation
		Reformation Scotland is the website of the Inverness Branch of the Scottish Reformation Society.
		All public meetings of the Inverness Branch of the Scottish Reformation Society will be held D.V. in the Lecture Theatre of the Inverness Royal Academy, Culduthel Road, Inverness.
		The lecture delivered at the most recent public meeting of the Inverness Branch of the Scottish Reformation Society, on 20 November 2006.
	www.reformation-scotland.org.uk (968 words)

	Church of Scotland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Church of Scotland (CofS, known informally as The Kirk, Eaglais na h-Alba in Scottish Gaelic) is the national church of Scotland.
		It is a Presbyterian church, decisively shaped by the Scottish Reformation.
		The Church of Scotland is Presbyterian in polity, and Reformed in theology.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Church_of_Scotland (2916 words)

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