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Topic: Scottish Standard English

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	English language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Standard forms of English differ also; thus, the standard British (“the king’s English”) is dissimilar to the several standard varieties of American and to Australian, Canadian, New Zealand, and Indian English.
		When English became again (14th cent.) the language of the upper class, the capital was London, and the new standard (continued in Modern Standard English) was a London dialect.
		English vocabulary has also been greatly expanded by the blending of existing words (e.g., smog from smoke and fog) and by back-formations (e.g., burgle from burglar), whereby a segment of an existing word is treated as an affix and dropped, resulting in a new word, usually with a related meaning.
	www.orbilat.com /Encyclopaedia/E/English_language.html (961 words)

	Scottish English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Scottish English is usually taken to mean the standard form of the English language used in Scotland, often termed Scottish Standard English.
		Scottish English is the result of language contact between Scots and English after the 17th century (dialect contact may be more accurate in that the indigenous Language Lowland Scots was a related variety).
		The standard spelling, grammar, and punctuation of Scottish English tend to follow the style of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scottish_English (1487 words)

	Standard English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Standard English is a controversial term used to denote a form of written and spoken English that is thought to be normative for educated users.
		Trudgill concludes in this matter, that "...Standard English is a dialect that differs from the others in that it has greater prestige, does not have an associated accent and does not form part of a dialect continuum".
		Elaboration: As the new standard began to spread into the domains of administration, government and the Church, it became necessary to expand the linguistic means by which this was to be carried out.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Standard_English (837 words)

	Trudgill: Standard English
		Standard English speakers can be found in all English-speaking countries, and it goes without saying that they speak this variety with different non-RP accents depending on whether they came from Scotland or the USA or New Zealand or wherever.
		English as it is employed in areas where it is the major native language of the community, such as in the British Isles, North America and Australasia, is a language which has the fullest possible range of styles running from the most to the least formal.
		Standard English is a dialect which is spoken as their native variety, at least in Britain, by about 12%-15% of the population, and this small percentage does not just constitute a random cross-section of the population.
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/dick/SEtrudgill.htm (4182 words)

	Special Focus - 'Scottish English'
		English is currently Scotland's first language, a tongue it shares in common with numerous other states around the world.
		The English language is Scotland could be said to exist in a continuum from a dialect influenced by specifically Scots vocabulary and grammatical usage to more or less standard English, but spoken with an identifiably Scottish accent.
		Scottish writers may dip into this word pool at will, often finding words for which there are no equivalents in standard English.
	www.ltscotland.org.uk /5to14/specialfocus/scots/what/english.asp (664 words)

	Scottish - English - Discover UK - About the UK - British Council - china
		Scottish English is often taken to mean the standard form of the English language used in Scotland and is often termed Scottish Standard English.
		The English language in Scotland could be said to exist in a continuum from a dialect influenced by specifically Scots vocabulary and grammatical usage to more or less standard English, but spoken with an identifiably Scottish accent.
		Scottish Standard English is the language normally used in formal non-fictional written texts in Scotland and in the Scottish legal system.
	www.britishcouncil.org /china-aboutuk-scotland-scottish-english.htm (227 words)

	English Scottish Gaelic language
		Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages.
		Gaelic, a descendant of the Goidelic branch of Celtic and closely related to Irish, is the traditional language of the Scotti or Gaels, and became the historical language of the majority of Scotland after it replaced Cumbric, Pictish and Norse.
		With the advent of devolution, however, Scottish matters have finally begun to receive greater attention, and the Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act was confirmed by the Scottish Parliament on 21 April 2005.
	articles.gourt.com /?article=Scottish_Gaelic (4333 words)

	Scotland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The [[Royal Standard used in Scotland]] HM Queen Elizabeth II, head of state of the United Kingdom, is descended from King James VI of Scotland, the first Scottish monarch to also be King of England (James I of England from 1603).
		In 1603, the Scottish King James VI inherited the throne of England, and became James I of England.
		In 1707, the Scottish and English Parliaments signed the Treaty of Union, which was deeply unpopular in Scotland, as it had been negotiating from a position of economic weakness and suffering from English tariffs.
	scotland.iqnaut.net (4272 words)

	Scottish Standard English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Scottish Standard English (SSE) is the variety of language normally used in formal, non-fictional written texts in Scotland.
		It is very close to standard Englishes elsewhere in the UK, North America and Australasia, but has some distinctive features.
		Scottish English also makes common use of the word outwith, meaning outside of, and of course, the uniquely Scottish and often, over-used term wee, the Scots word for small.
	www.aaaah.org /wiki/en/sc/Scottish%20Standard%20English.htm (242 words)

	Business Writing - Why is Writing Important in Business? - free Suite101.com course
		However, standards in written English are very important, and their early adoption is part of the reason for its success as a language.
		It is standardized English which enables speakers all across the world to understand one another.
		Besides the standard varieties of English which you are likely to encounter among native speakers, there's English as spoken by people for whom it is a second language.
	www.suite101.com /lesson.cfm/17951/1305/2?l=6 (898 words)

	Dialect, Standard English, and the Child at Home and in School - Scottish Corpus of Texts and Speech
		Standard English speech from these regions would probably vary little in terms of vocabulary and grammar (when used in comparable contexts), but for many speakers their use of a particular regional accent with Standard English would indicate their regional background.
		These national varieties of Standard English are all, nevertheless, Standard English in that all of their features, except for a very few grammatical expressions and vocabulary items, are clearly comprehensible to speakers throughout the United Kingdom.
		Yet the situation in Scotland is different from other regions of the United Kingdom: the ‘nonstandard English’ of Scottish speakers is distinctive from that of other regions, in respect of the extent of its difference from Standard English and its historical connection with a firmly institutionalised national culture, supported by ancient literary and folk traditions.
	www.scottishcorpus.ac.uk /corpus/search/document.php?documentid=346 (2433 words)

	Wir Ain Leid - Scottish Standard English
		SSE is essentially standard English spoken with a Scottish accent.
		SSE has less vowels than other varieties because SSE is rhotic i.e.
		The grammar of SSE is much the same as standard English but SSE is influenced by Scots grammar and idiom to varying degrees.
	www.scots-online.org /grammar/sse.htm (488 words)

	Scotland - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In 1603, the Scottish King and Queen James VI and Herron II of Scotland inherited the throne of the Kingdom of England, and became James I and Herron III of England.
		English de facto is the main language and almost all Scots speak Scottish Standard English as a first language.
		The Scottish Reformation, initiated in 1560 and led by John Knox, was Calvinist, and throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, the Church of Scotland maintained a strict theology and kept a tight control over the morality of the population.
	scotland.quickseek.com (5732 words)

	Scottish Blog - September 2006
		The Royal Standard of Scotland is traditionally used by the Scottish King as his personal banner, both as a sign of prestige and for identification on the battlefield etc. A number of variations on the Royal banner of Scotland can be seen on the Royal Coat of Arms of Scotland.
		The Scottish Royal Standard is also meant to be used by the First Minister, Lord Lieutenants in their Lieutenancies, the Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, and the Lord Lyon King of Arms.
		The proper drinking of Scotch whisky is more than indulgence; it is a toast to a civilisation, a tribute to the continuity of culture, a manifesto of man's determination to use the resources of nature to refresh mind and body and enjoy to the full the senses with which he has been endowed.
	www.scottish-heirloom.com /scottish-blog/index.php/2006/09 (2442 words)

	Scottish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It was mostly the older children who considered themselves as Scottish, since they apparently had a greater sense of nationality.The children listened to tape recordings on which people talked with different English dialects, some with more English English and some with more Scottish English.
		Finally when the children were asked whether a word was English, Scottish, Gaelic or slang many of them thought that the Scottish words were slang words, this may indicate the status of the Scottish dialects today.
		I guess that the English spelling system is more difficult to learn and use if you are Scottish, since their pronunciation is even further away from the spelling.
	www.eng.umu.se /city/Fredrik/city/scottish.htm (2248 words)

	English Language Two, University of Edinburgh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The aims of the course are to continue and develop to a higher level the introduction, begun in English Language 1, to the systematic study of English Language, past and present, and to the fundamental concepts involved in the study of the linguistic structure of English at different periods in its history.
		After two years of study of English Language at Edinburgh students, by virtue of having studied the language as an independent discipline, will have reached a high level of competence in (and a considerable all-round knowledge of) the subject.
		Both parts of the 2-year course, and English Language 2 in particular, are intended to equip students for progression to more advanced studies at a higher level, whether as part of a General Degree curriculum (at English Language 3 and 4) or in a Single or Joint Honours Degree.
	www.englang.ed.ac.uk /el2.html (663 words)

	Scottish English quiz -- free game (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		"Scottish English derives from Germanic and not from Celtic.
		It is however certainly not degraded Standard English.
		In all of these Scottish words you can replace the e by the same vowel and you obtain perfectly normal standard English words: gled; gless; seck; sterve.
	www.funtrivia.com /playquiz.cfm?qid=65679 (203 words)

	Indian English at AllExperts
		Indian English refers to the dialects or varieties of English spoken primarily in the Republic of India (8% of Indians speak English, according to the 1991 Census of India, although other estimates range as high as 15%), and also by Indian diaspora elsewhere in the world.
		English is the co-official language of the Union of India.
		American English, due to the burgeoning influence of American pop culture on the rest of the world, has begun challenging traditional British English as the premier brand of English spoken in the Indian subcontinent, though this is largely limited to the youth of Metropolitan cities in the last decade or two.
	en.allexperts.com /e/i/in/indian_english.htm (5871 words)

	Scots language at AllExperts
		The growth in prestige of English in the 14th century, and the complementary decline of French in Scotland, made English the prestige language of most of eastern Scotland.
		By the 1840s the Scottish Education Department's language policy was that Scots had no value "...it is not the language of 'educated' people anywhere, and could not be described as a suitable medium of education or culture".
		However, most younger Scots today see a Scottish accent, that is, Scottish English, as a sufficient marker of their Scottishness, and are generally not interested in retaining bilingualism in a language they consider old-fashioned, parochial, or simply uncool.
	en.allexperts.com /e/s/sc/scots_language.htm (4188 words)

	Scotland information - Search.com
		The Scottish Saltire is believed to have been adopted by King Óengus II in 832 of Pictland after a victory in battle over the Northumbrians at Athelstaneford.
		The Scottish Parliament is a unicameral legislature comprised of 129 Members, 73 of whom represent individual constituencies and are elected on a first past the post system; 56 are elected in eight different electoral regions by the additional member system.
		The Scottish Reformation, initiated in 1560 and led by John Knox, was Calvinist, and throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, the Church of Scotland maintained this theology and kept a tight control over the morality of much of the population.
	www.search.com /reference/Scotland (6354 words)

	Scots Language Resource Centre
		H.M. Inspectors endorse the view that the essential aim of English teaching throughout the Scottish secondary school should be to develop the capacity of every pupil to use, understand and appreciate the native language in its main English and Scottish forms.
		The speech of Scottish people is often distinctive...The first tasks of schools are therefore to enable pupils to be confident and creative in this language and to begin to develop the notion of language diversity.
		It is vital that we teach our pupils to express themselves via all the linguistic resources of Scottish culture and to liberate them from the imaginative constraint of thinking that we must write in correct English all the time.
	scotsyett.com /anent/garnock.htm (916 words)

	Gene Expression: SCOTS WHA HAE...
		By ‘a form of English’, I mean the traditional language of the Scottish Lowlands, which evolved from the northern dialects of Old English (Anglo-Saxon).
		In the south-east (Lothian), the language was a form of Old English, and the region was itself part of the Northumbrian kingdom (later earldom) of Bernicia until it was ceded to Scotland in the early C11.
		Scottish national identity has been constructed, ever since the 14th century, largely in terms of opposition to England, so it may be difficult to face the possibility that immigration from England was a major factor in building the 'nation'.
	www.gnxp.com /MT2/archives/001219.html (2931 words)

	[No title]
		SSE - Scottish Standard English - English as pronounced by a Scot.
		CH elsewhere is pronounced as in SSE loch [kh], eg: loch, soch, traachle, hooch.
		The sound of CH in English church [tsh] is spelt TCH, as in match, eg: faetch, approtch.
	www.geocities.com /jmtait/zet/pronunce.htm (1323 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Scottish Studies: Proceedings of the Scottish Workshop of the ESSE Conference, Bordeaux 1993.
		Sandred, Karl Inge (1982) "Linguistic taboo in the speech of Scottish fishermen.
		Kirk, John (1987) "The heteronomy of Scots with Standard English" in Caroline Macafee and Iseabail Macleod eds.
	wwwesterni.unibg.it /siti_esterni/anglistica/slin/scotbiblio.htm (14953 words)

	scottish standard grade past exam papers: abc-papers.com-college papers from a database of over 1000 term paper topics
		scottish standard grade past exam papers: abc-papers.com-college papers from a database of over 1000 term paper topics
		More college papers on "scottish standard grade past exam papers"
		To pass Part III the PDI must attain the minimum overall standard of grade 4 (on a scale of 1 (lowest) to 6) for both phases.
	www.abc-papers.com /term-papers/663917/scottish-standard-grade-past-exam-papers.html (401 words)

	English Translation Service - English to English Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		You probably don't speak English yourself, so there are a few questions you'll need to consider when choosing a translation company.
		Only professional translators whose native language is English perform our English to English translation.
		Professional translators whose native language is English and speak fluent English perform our English to English translation.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/english_translation.shtml (528 words)

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