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	Scour - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Scour Inc. was a search engine for multimedia on the Internet, and provided Scour Exchange, an early peer-to-peer file exchange service.
		Scour was founded by five students (Vince Busam, Michael Todd, Dan Rodriques, Jason Droege and Kevin Smilak) from the Computer Science Dept. of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1997.
		Despite Scour's declarations of innocence, the company was not able to raise money to continue operations, laid off most of its staff in September of that year and declared bankruptcy, to protect itself from the lawsuit, shortly afterwards.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scour (421 words)

	Use of TDR to detect bridge scour
		The envisioned TDR scour detection system measures the length of a buried cable, where flanges attached to the cable are expected to be torn off by high drag forces as the river bed is scoured away, thus shearing the cable at the flange connection.
		Measurements of scour at bridges founded on shallow footings indicate maximum scour occurs around the upstream side of the pier footing during floods, as shown in FIGURE 1.
		As the backfill is tremmied to the existing river bottom elevation, the casing is removed, leaving the exposed length of cable with the attached flanges buried in a sand column adjacent to the footing.
	www.iti.northwestern.edu /publications/tdr/1994_papers/dowding.html (3564 words)

	Scour Remediation/Shoreline Erosion Prevention
		Scour is the destructive effect that flowing water has on a submerged object.
		Scour has caused the failure of pipelines by first removing pipeline cover and then the supporting material beneath the pipe which results in undermining.
		Erosion control mats are used to reverse scour and provide protection on a variety of structures including bridges, intake and outfall pipelines, offshore oil structures, and telecommunication cables (a special 2.5m x 5m mat is available for cables).
	www.underwaterconsultants.com /pageDisplay.jsp?pageid=12626 (1400 words)

	Literature review & monitoring recommendations for salmonid spawning gravel scour
		Scour of gravel particles on the surface of the stream bed occurs when the shear stress produced by flowing water is sufficient to overcome the forces resisting particle motion.
		The depth and frequency of scour is determined to a large extent by complex interactions among factors such as the magnitude and duration of peak flow discharge, the abundance and particle size distribution of bedload sediment, and the abundance and stability of obstructions such as large woody debris.
		Depth of scour was measured by counting the number of links from the upper end down to the deflection point where horizontal portion of the chain (the portion exposed to the current washed in a downstream direction) meets the undisturbed, vertically oriented portion, and comparing the difference before and after scour.
	www.krisweb.com /biblio/gen_tfw_schuetthamesetal_1996_am996001.htm (7317 words)

	Guidance for Bridge Scour Studies
		As the USGS applies scour prediction methodology and modeling techniques to projects, USGS personnel become familiar with the models and procedures and the validity of the models and procedures are evaluated.
		However, scour monitoring as defined by the Federal Highway Administration (Richardson and Davis, 2001) is a countermeasure or temporary countermeasure for a bridge determined to be scour critical.
		Although the primary objective of scour monitoring is to provide for the safety of the public without closing bridges during high flows and without installing expensive countermeasures, it provides an excellent opportunity for the USGS to meet an operational need of a customer while collecting much need data on scour.
	water.usgs.gov /admin/memo/SW/sw03.06.html (2854 words)

	Bridge scour- What's it all about?
		Scour is the hole left behind when sediment (sand and rocks) is washed away from the bottom of a river.
		Contraction scour is caused by an increase in speed of the water as it moves through a bridge opening that is narrower than the natural river channel.
		Many things affecting scour are examined, such as the type of rock or sediment carried by the river and the angle at which the river flows toward and away from the bridge.
	ma.water.usgs.gov /publications/ofr/scour.htm (709 words)

	Scour Sensor
		The deeper the sensor is buried, the safer it is from being scoured and the larger the area it averages.
		Additional uses of the sensor include scour at bridge piers and similar structures, studies of liquefaction or quicksand, and beach erosion.
		The load-cell scour sensor consists of a shallow, stamped 10 inch by 6 inch rectangular stainless steel vessel, and the sensors are tested to 30 pounds per square inch and can be buried to a depth of 40 feet.
	www.rickly.com /ss/scoursensor.htm (389 words)

	Scour Code Summary
		Bridge is scour critical; field review indicates that extensive scour has occurred at bridge foundations.
		Scour evaluation complete, bridge judged to be low risk for failure due to scour.
		Bridge foundations determined to be stable for calculated scour conditions; calculated scour depth from the scour prediction equations is within limits of footing or piles.
	www.dot.state.mn.us /bridge/StateAidBridge/scourcodes.htm (414 words)

	Scour's Back - Lively, Legal and, for Now, Very Limited
		Users on the new Scour are expected to share all files they download rather than having the option to receive but not open up their hard drive to giving.
		While Scour was sued by pretty much everybody, attorney Kevin Bain, representing both the Motion Picture Association of America and Recording Industry Association of America interests at the bankruptcy hearing, said the two associations did not object to CenterSpan as the acquirer.
		Calling music "less than half of the story" of the new Scour Exchange, Hausmann talked about providing a service where the studios would be like a peer on the network, using Scour Exchange's users to distribute their movies digitally with pay-per-view security wrapped around the files.
	www.thestandard.com /article/0,1902,23673,00.html (1755 words)

	Bridge Scour
		Damage is caused for various reasons, the main reason being scour at bridge foundations, namely piers and abutments.
		Detailed descriptions and procedures for estimation of general scour, contraction scour and local scour are given in Chapters 4, 5 and 6, respectively.
		A summary of the procedures for total scour depth estimation is presented in Chapter 7 in the form of an overall design method for scour analysis.
	www.wrpllc.com /books/bsr.html (327 words)

	Wired News: Scour: Going, Going, Gone
		Scour, which had millions of loyal registered users, had struggled recently to secure additional rounds of financial backing.
		Scour's financial troubles began on July 20, when the Recording Industry Association of America, the National Music Publishers Association and the Motion Picture Association of America filed copyright infringement suits against Scour.
		In early September, facing mounting legal expenses, Scour was forced to lay off 52 of its 70 employees after failing to obtain a new round of financing.
	www.wired.com /news/business/0,1367,40632,00.html (542 words)

	Scour Exchange - OldVersion.com
		Scour Exchange (SX) is a digital file collection and management utility that connects the user to the Scour community, in which they can search, select, and download files from both selected sites on Scour and lists that are shared by other community members.
		A limited beta testing of the new Scour Exchange was begun in March, 2001.
		A Scour Exchange fee-based service was targeted for launch in the second half of 2001.
	www.oldversion.com /program.php?n=scour (184 words)

	Bridge Scour Bibliography
		Instrumentation for measuring scour at bridge piers and abutments.
		Abutment scour in uniform and stratified sand mixtures.
		Mollinas, A. Bridge scour in nonuniform sediment mixtures and in cohesive materials: synthesis report.
	www.iti.northwestern.edu /knowledge/bibs/scour.html (2024 words)

	NCHRP Project 24-14, Scour at Contracted Bridge Sites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The use of field data is vital to understanding scour processes, to developing physical and numerical model studies that represent field conditions, to developing sound guidelines for implementing scour-prediction methodology, and for improving scour-prediction equations.
		Without an accurate field description of the dominant scour processes, the processes and associated parameters that may substantially influence scour during flood events cannot be accurately modeled in laboratory studies.
		Examples of processes identified in the field but not adequately represented in laboratory studies are the failure of spill-slope embankments into scour holes around bridge abutments, scour at piers affected by flow around abutments, pressure scour, and scour caused by flow redirected and contracted by ice or debris accumulations.
	www4.nationalacademies.org /trb/crp.nsf/e7bcd526f5af4a2c8525672f006245fa/d03d4dba0b886ef88525674800561ab4?OpenDocument (1038 words)

	Salon.com Technology \| Why Scour is not the new Napster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In July, the Recording Industry Association of America and the Motion Picture Association of America sued Scour, claiming that Scour Exchange, as the file-swapping service is called, contributes to copyright infringement.
		Scour began two years ago as a college project, a search engine, nothing more.
		Rodrigues says Scour has reached out to the entertainment industry with the goal of creating a business model that serves copyright-holders as well as consumers.
	www.salon.com /tech/view/2000/08/22/scour (711 words)

	Wired News: Multimedia 'Napster' Awaits Fate
		Despite the fact that the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals granted Napster a stay on Friday, Scour.net seemed ripe for a similar brow beating at the hands of the recording industry after Judge Marilyn Patel all but dismantled the arguments both companies are expected to use.
		The Scour website offers a multimedia search engine along with its Scour Exchange file trading application that allows users who download the program to trade files with others on the network.
		"Scour can raise the DMCA defense, which Napster lost because they did not have the appropriate agreements in place," wrote Mark Radcliffe, a partner at the Silicon Valley law firm Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich, in an email.
	www.wired.com /news/culture/0,1284,37884,00.html (684 words)

	Movie studios target Scour with copyright lawsuit \| CNET News.com
		Scour and its Scour Exchange file-sharing program work much like Napster, allowing individuals to open their own hard drives to trade files.
		Scour has tried to make connections inside the movie industry, contending that it is a perfect vehicle for the distribution of authorized content and that its full business is in fact legal.
		Scour is the only defendant named in the suit.
	news.com.com /2100-1023-243432.html?legacy=cnet (1268 words)

	ComputerUser.com News: Scour Denies Unauthorized File Sharing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Scour, which says it is a search engine that specializes in finding multimedia on the Internet, has escaped much of the attention being directed at other file-sharing sites like Napster and Gnutella, yet Scour functions in a similar way.
		Scour says, as does Napster, that the files accessible from the Scour Web site are not under its control, and acknowledges that some of the content may have been posted without the permission of the copyright owner.
		Scour says that while it will, "as a courtesy," remove files that are available in violation of copyright law, it won't assume responsibility for such violations by agreeing to do so.
	www.computeruser.com /news/00/07/17/news5.html (672 words)

	NCHRP Project 24-15, Complex Pier Scour and Contraction Scour in Cohesive Soils (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Scour at bridges founded in or on cohesive materials is a very complex phenomenon that is not completely understood.
		No methods for predicting scour depths in cohesive material that account for the material's greater scour resistance are available to practicing engineers.
		Research investigating the relationship between properties of cohesive material and the erosive power of flowing water is needed to improve scour prediction for bridge foundations in or on cohesive materials.
	www4.nationalacademies.org /trb/crp.nsf/e7bcd526f5af4a2c8525672f006245fa/d23103ef2af9d1578525674800561afe?OpenDocument (329 words)

	Scour Expands Napster's Concept Beyond Swapping Music / Program pledges legit route to video, films, photos
		But Scour (www.scour.com), the Beverly Hills company that produced Scour Exchange, is trying to steer clear of digital pirates and does offer a large array of legally licensed downloadable music, music videos, movie trailers and photos.
		Scour has a ``three strikes'' policy designed to permanently ban repeat offenders, although only a handful have been banned.
		Scour recently scored a deal with Dimension Films, a division of Miramax Films, to become the exclusive Internet distributor for the promotional trailer to the upcoming thriller movie spoof ``Scary Movie.'' More than 30,000 copies of the ``Scary Movie'' trailer have been downloaded since late April.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2000/05/18/BU84030.DTL&type=tech_article (1120 words)

	Slashdot \| Scour is Dead
		The reason Gnutella, Scour, and the like were born doomed isn't that people aren't altruistic.
		Scour's Technology May NOT be DEAD by gracenote (Score:1) Thursday November 16, @05:54PM
		I believe that anything like Scour, Napster, or Usenet is largely doomed because the majority of the leeches and non-leeches are so dang stupid, that any content out there is likely to be 95% worthless because it is so banal.
	slashdot.org /articles/00/11/16/1713226.shtml (2871 words)

	Scour To Axe File-Sharing, Goes On Block
		One of them, Scour, Inc., has just announced it will shut down the Scour Exchange community within 48 hours to facilitate a resolution of pending litigation and a sale of its assets in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court.
		Scour, Inc. filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on October 12, 2000, seeking protection from its creditors.
		If CenterSpan is the winning bidder, it plans to re-launch Scour Exchange in the first quarter of 2001 as a secure and legal digital distribution channel based on CenterSpan's new technology platform.
	www.internetnews.com /bus-news/article.php/8161_512111 (569 words)

	191-Pressure Ridge Ice Scour Experiment (PRISE)
		Pressure Ridge Ice Scour Experiment (PRISE), Phase 3: Centrifuge Modeling of Ice Keel Scour, PRISE 03 Data Report, Quarterly Report submitted by the Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering of the University of Newfoundland, St. Johns, Newfoundland, Canada, January 1995.
		Pressure Ridge Ice Scour Experiment (PRISE), Phase 3: Centrifuge Modeling of Ice Keel Scour, PRISE 04 Data Report, Quarterly Report submitted by the Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering of the University of Newfoundland, St. Johns, Newfoundland, Canada, January 1995.
		Pressure Ridge Ice Scour Experiment (PRISE), Phase 3: Centrifuge Modeling of Ice Keel Scour, PRISE 05 Data Report, Quarterly Report submitted by the Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering of the University of Newfoundland, St. Johns, Newfoundland, Canada, January 1995.
	www.mms.gov /tarprojects/191.htm (1603 words)

	THE MECHANICS OF SCOUR IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The book deals mainly with the scour in noncohesive sediment but, whenever possible, available literature on the scour in finer sediment has been incorporated.
		With a hydrodynamic understanding, it is easier for the consulting engineer to predict scour in those many cases where physical model tests are not available.
		The serious researcher or practitioner will find it useful to have the earlier books on marine scour as well, since all three have their own strengths.
	www.worldscibooks.com /engineering/4942.html (435 words)

	Companies in Bidding War Over Scour
		Financially beleaguered Scour Inc. said yesterday that it will shut down its popular Internet file-sharing program by tomorrow to help resolve its copyright infringement battle with the record and film industries.
		The Scour Exchange program has attracted about 7 million users because it can be used to search and share free copies of music, video and photos.
		CenterSpan hopes Scour's well-known brand name, database and team of developers will help it market an online music, video and photo-sharing program to those same record companies and movies studios now seeking to shut down Scour.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2000/11/15/BU32393.DTL (465 words)

	TWENTIETH CENTURY FOX FILM CORP v SCOUR INC - Legal Case Documents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Scour is a for-profit enterprise that is in the business of copyright infringement.
		Through its Scour Exchange (or SX) "file-sharing" service, Scour enables and encourages its users to find and download digital files of plaintiffs' copyrighted motion pictures, sound recordings, and musical compositions from the computer hard drives of other users and to do so without permission of or compensation to plaintiffs.
		Simply put, Scour's service makes it easy for people to obtain copies of copyrighted works hit movies and popular music without the permission of or payment to the copyright owner.
	www.legalcasedocs.com /120/250/247.html (481 words)

	Scour to end file-swapping service \| CNET News.com
		Scour's technology enables computer users to swap digital music and video files directly among themselves, without the use of a central server.
		The controversial company was sued in July by every major Hollywood studio, ultimately leading Scour to file for protection from creditors under federal bankruptcy law.
		Scour said it will consider bids for its assets until Dec. 12.
	news.com.com /2100-1023-248631.html (539 words)

	Streamingmedia.com: Scour Files for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy
		Scour's services, which include Napster-like file-sharing software and a multimedia Web search engine, said it made the move "to ensure its continued operation in the face of burdensome lawsuits."
		The company was sued in July by the motion picture and recording industries, which alleged widespread copyright violations from the Scour Exchange software.
		In the Chapter 11 petition, filed at the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California in Los Angeles, Scour said it owed between $1 million and $10 million to as many as 199 creditors.
	www.streamingmedia.com /article.asp?id=6325 (320 words)

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