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Topic: Scramble for Africa

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	Africa Continents Facts \| 4 Corners Club
		Africa is the largest of the three great southward projections from the main mass of the Earth's surface.
		Africa is thus composed of two segments at right angles, the northern running from east to west, the southern from north to south, the subordinate lines corresponding in the main to these two directions.
		In South Africa, which was unique in having a significant number of European settlers, English and Afrikaans are the native languages of a significant portion of the population.
	www.4cornersclub.com /adventure_trips/africa/continent_facts (2282 words)

	The Scramble for Africa by Katharine Ainger
		Africa is vastly rich in natural resources but the continent has paid a terrible price for this wealth.
		For peace in these countries to hold, for poverty to be eliminated, for societies to be rebuilt, the underlying causes of the conflicts that tore them apart need to be resolved.
		The Gulf-of-Guinea countries in West Africa - Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea, Sao Tome and Principe, Chad, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo-Brazzaville and Angola - form a region dubbed the 'New Middle East Gulf' because of its immense untapped petroleum resources.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Africa/Scramble_Africa.html (2132 words)

	scramble - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Scramble for Africa, phrase used to describe the sometimes frenzied division of African territory by European countries that resulted in nearly all...
		The 'scramble for Africa' took place on the assumption that the land and the peoples were there for the taking.
		The motivation behind this scramble for colonies remains controversial.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /scramble.html (180 words)

	AfricaSpeaks.com - Map of Africa and Resource Links
		Africa is believed to have originated from either the Latin word aprica ("Sunny") or greek aphrike ("without cold") and originally applied to North Africa.
		However as Europe discovered the extent of continental Africa, the term came to match its modern day usage.
		Africa excluding Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Algeria and Egypt.
	www.africaspeaks.com /maps (1845 words)

	The scramble for Africa, 1876-1912 by Thomas Pakenham \| LibraryThing
		The scramble for Africa, 1876-1912 by Thomas Pakenham
		The Scramble for Africa: White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876 to 1912 by Thomas Pakenham (19 copies separate)
		The Scramble for Africa: The White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876 to 1912 by Thomas Pakenham (1 copy separate)
	www.librarything.com /work-info/22396 (236 words)

	TLC Africa Magazine
		While the underground scramble for Africa's mineral wealth is going on, the white collar scramble for Africa's state own outfits are taking place concurrently.
		While in East Africa, the mining companies are instigating Congo's neighbors to plunge into Congo war, in Nigeria, the oil companies are providing equipment and tactical support for Nigerian forces occupying the Niger Delta.
		It was followed by the first scramble for Africa that led to colonization.
	www.tlcafrica.com /africa.htm (2059 words)

	Scrambled - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Scramble for Africa, phrase used to describe the sometimes frenzied claiming of African territory by half a dozen European countries that resulted...
		British explorer Sir Henry Morton Stanley was about to set out from England to Africa on a rescue expedition when he gave this interview to the...
		The unsettled situation in Buganda was further complicated by competition between Britain and Germany during the Scramble for Africa, in which...
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=Scrambled (195 words)

	Terrorism: The new scramble for Africa : Mail & Guardian Online
		The scramble for Africa has taken on new meaning with different terrorist groups wanting to get their hands on Africa's resources for funding, and on its people for warfare, a conference on terrorism in Johannesburg heard on Wednesday.
		Africa is a fertile soil for the advance of jihad and the jihadi cause," wrote al-Ansari.
		But speaking at the conference on combating and preventing terrorism in Africa on Wednesday, Pham said it is important to remember that although terrorist groups may be exploiting Africans because of their poverty, terrorists have nothing in common with the poor and desolate.
	www.mg.co.za /articlepage.aspx?area=/breaking_news/breaking_news__africa/&articleid=282600 (767 words)

	The Scramble for Africa, 1870-1912 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Africa had been carved up into colonies, claimed and conquered by the Great Powers of Western Europe; her resources were being developed or exploited by whites on an unprecedented scale, and in many places civilian colonial administrations were becoming a regular feature.
		Knowledgeable onlookers at the time were astounded at the magnitude of the changes, puzzled at their momentum, appalled by the atrocious brutality generated on all sides by penetration and conguest, and intoxicated by prospects of plenty, progress or personal advancement.
		Lord Derby found "something absurd in the sudden Scramble for colonies", and right-wing French deputies mocked Etienne's visions of "a vast domain which it is for us to colonize and make fruitful" in the "light soils" of north-west Africa.
	www.postcolonialweb.org /africa/scramble.html (486 words)

	History Help Forum > Scramble For Africa
		The only thing that I know is that because of the scramble for Africa it brought European powers to the brink of war; This all happened in 1870 to like 1914.
		There is another argument which says that the scramble for Africa wasn't a cause of war AT ALL, but that - far from it - it was a 'safety valve' which actually stopped them coming to blows for nearly 50 years.
		The 'scramble for Africa' mostly involved travelling around the vast wilderness machine-gunning people armed with nothing better then grass skirts and viciously-sharpened mangoes (to quote Blackadder).
	www.schoolhistory.co.uk /studentforum/lofiversion/index.php/t2709.html (611 words)

	Book: The Scramble for Africa: White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876-1912 - UsingEnglish.com
		The Scramble for Africa: White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876-1912
		The Washing of the Spears: A History of the Rise of the Zulu Nation Under Shaka and Its Fall in the Zulu War of 1879
		The Fate of Africa: From the Hopes of Freedom to the Heart of Despair
	www.usingenglish.com /amazon/us/0380719991.html (196 words)

	Revealed: The New Scramble for Africa - UN Security Council - Global Policy Forum
		A new "scramble for Africa" is taking place among the world's big powers, who are tapping into the continent for its oil and diamonds.
		But while sub-Saharan Africa is the object of the west's charitable concern, billions of pounds' worth of natural resources are being removed from it.
		The original Scramble for Africa took place in the late 19th century, when Britain, France and Germany competed to carve Africa into colonies.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/natres/generaldebate/2005/0601africascramble.htm (858 words)

	Monthly Review September 2006 Michael Watts ¦ Empire of Oil: Capitalist Dispossession and the Scramble for Africa
		And the reality is that in Africa World Bank reforms, and the pressures imposed by the WTO from the mid 1990s onwards, did have drastic consequences for trade and investment—the litmus test of neoliberal development—seen in the widespread dismantling of state marketing boards and of trade protections.
		What is especially striking is that the fear that Africa was largely marginal to the circuits of capitalist accumulation and global resource flows during the 1980s and might be marginalized further, in some respects, proved to be a massive understatement.
		Currently Africa is the center of a major oil boom, an index of the centrality of the primary commodities sector as the most important source of capitalist accumulation on the continent.
	www.monthlyreview.org /0906watts.htm (5409 words)

	Scramble For Africa Gifts
		Related topics: south africa, boer war, boer, boers, imperialism, british imperialism, foreign policy, british foreign policy, british empire, africa, scramble for africa, kruger, president kruger, paul kruger, shifting his capital, pretoria, transvaal,
		Related topics: south africa, boer war, boer, boers, transvaal, imperialism, british imperialism, foreign policy, british foreign policy, chamberlain, joseph chamberlain, british empire, empire, africa, scramble for africa, militarism, war, wars, john bull, jingoism,
		There are more than 10 "scramble for africa" cartoons click here to view the full selection.
	www.cartoonstock.com /vintage/directory/s/scramble_for_africa_gifts.asp (1281 words)

	The Scramble for Africa, 1870-1912 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Africa had been carved up into colonies, claimed and conquered by the Great Powers of Western Europe; her resources were being developed or exploited by whites on an unprecedented scale, and in many places civilian colonial administrations were becoming a regular feature.
		Knowledgeable onlookers at the time were astounded at the magnitude of the changes, puzzled at their momentum, appalled by the atrocious brutality generated on all sides by penetration and conguest, and intoxicated by prospects of plenty, progress or personal advancement.
		Lord Derby found "something absurd in the sudden Scramble for colonies", and right-wing French deputies mocked Etienne's visions of "a vast domain which it is for us to colonize and make fruitful" in the "light soils" of north-west Africa.
	www.scholars.nus.edu.sg /landow/post/africa/scramble.html (486 words)

	The Enemyboard :: View topic - Capitalist Dispossession and the Scramble for Africa
		And the reality is that in Africa World Bank reforms, and the pressures imposed by the WTO from the mid 1990s onwards, did have drastic consequences for trade and investment—the litmus test of neoliberal development—seen in the widespread dismantling of state marketing boards and of trade protections.
		What is especially striking is that the fear that Africa was largely marginal to the circuits of capitalist accumulation and global resource flows during the 1980s and might be marginalized further, in some respects, proved to be a massive understatement.
		Currently Africa is the center of a major oil boom, an index of the centrality of the primary commodities sector as the most important source of capitalist accumulation on the continent.
	www.publicenemy.com /pb/viewtopic.php?t=31483&view=next (5411 words)

	RIGZONE - The New Scramble for Africa
		Africa has been at the centre of world interest and competitive power positioning by foreign States, interests and companies, as well as local ethnicities and elites for the last 150 years: from the Original Scramble from 1884 onwards, and through the Cold War and decolonisation.
		Africa has now become a cockpit again for a new surge of interests — this time in respect of oil and gas resources as Great Powers, Mid-Range States, African polities and the Corporate Oil interests of global, regional and local players vie for position, privilege and ascendance.
		This New Scramble for oil and gas involves a myriad of domestic and outside interests: Super-Majors, Independents, National Oil Companies (from Africa and elsewhere), Local Players, Heads of State, political and commercial elites, middlemen, financiers, lobbyists, contractors and companies of a multitude of types.
	www.rigzone.com /news/article.asp?a_id=6233 (1215 words)

	Leopold II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The scramble for Africa began in the mid-1870's with the purpose to colonize the "Dark Continent".
		It was still called the "Dark Continent" because of the large basin of rain forests surrounding the Congo River in the equatorial part of western Africa.
		This area was virtually unexplored because traveling up the river by boat was impossible due to the massive systems of rapids that were only 100 miles upstream from the Atlantic Ocean.
	www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us /~bsilva/projects/scramble/leopold.htm (411 words)

	SparkNotes: Europe (1871-1914): The Scramble for Africa (1876-1914)
		Historians generally agree that the Scramble for Africa, the rushed imperial conquest of the Africa by the major powers of Europe, began with King Leopold II of Belgium.
		In terms of its depiction of the negative affects of African imperialism on both Africa and Europe, and its depiction of the processes of Imperialism itself, perhaps no account is quite so powerful as Joseph Conrad's 1905 Heart of Darkness.
		Conrad's personal distaste for colonialism should not be taken as a compendium of all the criticisms of the imperial game, but in addition to the themes and issues it does deal with, it can be seen as an indication that a lively debate did exist as to the motives and affects of imperial actions.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/1871-1914/section5.rhtml (981 words)

	Natural Resource Issues Liberia: The scramble for Africa (part 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Across from Tilbury on the far bank of the Thames, barely visible through the slanting grey rain, is the old Gravesend pier where Joseph Conrad began his 1899 tale of colonialism and atrocity in the Belgian Congo, Heart of Darkness.
		Conrad's 'heart of darkness' was not just a reflection of the racist view of Africa as 'the dark continent', but a reference to complicity in an African holocaust, the taint of blood on goods acquired in shameful circumstances and Europe's plunder of Africa's wealth.
		Everything from diamond rings and garden furniture to the components of mobile phones may have originated as the booty of Africa's conflicts It was a ship worker who first discovered the truth about Belgian King Leopold's brutal exploits in the Congo.
	liberianature.blogspot.com /2006/10/scramble-for-africa-part-1.html (2462 words)

	The Scramble for Africa
		The Scramble for Africa was powered not so much by conditions in Africa, but by the economic, social and political conditions in Europe during the second half of the nineteenth century.
		The scramble was fierce by July 1884 as France, Britain, Germany and Portugal had all staked claims on African territory within the previous five years.
		Scramble for Africa: White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876 to 1912, Thomas Pakenham.
	www.blackhistorypages.net /pages/scramble.php (275 words)

	The Scramble for Africa and the New Imperialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Scramble for Africa and the New Imperialism
		Bismarck, Europe and Africa: the Berlin Conference 1884-1885 and the Onset of Partition of Africa.
		West Africa Partitioned, Vol.2: The Elephants and the Grass.
	hist.ucalgary.ca /courses/W2001/205L02LN5.htm (886 words)

	scramble for - Information from Reference.com
		There are no dictionary entries for scramble for, but scramble, for are spelled correctly.
		The Scramble for Africa (or the Race for Africa) was the proliferation of...
		The scramble for Africa led Bismarck to propose the 1884-85 Berlin Conference.
	dictionary.reference.com /search?q=scramble%20for (288 words)

	United States: the new scramble for Africa, by Pierre Abramovici
		The United States is turning its diplomatic and military attention to Africa, not just to the continent’s oil and natural gas supplies (although these represent an important future contribution to US energy supplies) but to its metal and industrial diamond resources.
		The meeting was described as unprecedented and its proceedings have remained secret: it dealt with military cooperation in the war on terrorism and focused on the Sahel, a buffer zone between the Maghreb and sub-Saharan Africa, between the oil fields of the north and those of the Gulf of Guinea.
		But Acri is just one aspect of the US expanding its military commitment in Africa.The Africa centre for strategic studies, established in 1999, is a branch of the Pentagon’s National Defence University, which trains high-level military personnel and civilian leaders (political leaders or the heads of associations and company bosses).
	mondediplo.com /2004/07/07usinafrica (2818 words)

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