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Topic: Screen reader

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Microsoft Narrator

Windows 2000

	Screen reader - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Screen readers are used by people with little or no functional vision: people with some vision often use screen magnifiers.
		Screen reader choice is contentious and strong opinions and preferences are common.
		Other screen readers, such as Virgo from Baum, are sold as part of a package with a Braille display, allowing users of the Braille display to access their computer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Screen_reader (1111 words)

	What is a Screen Reader? : Nomensa - Humanising Technology
		Each screen reader uses a different series of commands, so most people will tend to choose a screen reader and stick with it, as the task of learning a large number of new keyboard commands is considerable.
		Screen readers are capable of supporting the range of applications that are most common to their native platform.
		With certain screen readers it is possible for the user to append a label to the image themselves, although this assumes that a description of the image can be found elsewhere to begin with.
	www.nomensa.com /resources/articles/what-is-a-screen-reader.html (1736 words)

	Section Six: Using Screen Readers
		Screen reader users are likely to be more familiar with the navigation tools of their assistive technology than the navigation tools of individual applications.
		Because screen reader users won’t know how large the file is until it is opened, they may not know that this is what is occurring.
		And if screen reader users don’t want to read the entire document, they may not need to have all of it analyzed when it is opened.
	www.adobe.com /enterprise/accessibility/reader6/sec6.html (3866 words)

	Juicy Studio: Making Ajax Work with Screen Readers
		Screen readers have their own specific name for the virtual buffer, such as Virtual Focus mode in Supernova, but they essentially do the same job.
		Without a mechanism to discover what has changed, a screen reader user might not be notified that the content has changed at all, or only be notified that the content has been changed, but will be required to read the whole document to discover exactly what has changed.
		Obviously, "getting there" is going to involve helping the screen reader vendors figure out the best way of making their software respond correctly to DOM events and provide the correct info from the DOM to the user.
	juicystudio.com /article/making-ajax-work-with-screen-readers.php (5676 words)

	Creating Accessible Computer Applications - American Foundation for the Blind
		For example, if custom components are used, a screen reader may not be able to render that object in speech, making that element, and possibly the whole application, unusable.
		Accessibility aids, such as screen readers or magnifiers, must be able to follow the keyboard focus at all times.
		Screen reader users can move repetitive links out of their way, by pushing the navigation bar to the bottom of the page.
	www.afb.org /info_document_view.asp?documentid=198 (1567 words)

	The CSS 'Reader' Media Type
		When a Media Query that includes the 'reader' keyword is attached to (a link to) a style sheet, it indicates that that style sheet is designed to be used by a "reader" device (typically a screen reader), that both displays and speaks a document at the same time.
		'Reader' is one such media type, applying to devices like screen readers, that display a document visually and read it with the help of a speech synthesizer at the same time.
		That is, a user agent that applies style rules marked as being for a 'reader' must not at the same time apply style rules marked for some other media.
	www.w3.org /TR/css3-reader (1003 words)

	Section One: Accessibility, Adobe PDF documents, and Adobe Reader
		Screen readers and other text-to-speech tools typically can't read these page elements, so authors of accessible PDF documents add alternate text to describe them.
		Adobe Reader recognizes when a screen reader or other product is a Trusted Agent and overrides security settings that would typically limit access to the content for accessibility purposes.
		For instance, the screen reader or Read Out Loud tool may seem to ignore words or characters, or you may get question marks, fl rectangles, or similar marks when you print, copy, paste, or save a PDF document as text.
	www.adobe.com /enterprise/accessibility/reader/sec1.html (1631 words)

	Ideas for a Free Screen Reader (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It would be just marvelous if everyone needing a screen reader would at least have a free alternative to try out, all be it that it might not have all the bells and whistles offered by it's commercial competitors.
		Although the extra features unrilated to screen reading can be nice and very handy in some ways, they also make screen readers more complicated to use and most importantly, make using computers very different in comparison to how sighted people do it.
		I think the goal of the screen reader should be mostly in just reading the screen, leaving battling with the inaccessible quirks of a specific program and some of the interpretation of the user interface to the user (or for the plug-ins if people want that functionality).
	www.student.oulu.fi /~vtatila/free_screen_reader.html (3949 words)

	The Gadgeteer - DOC Readers for Palm OS PDAs Review
		Screen tapping can be set up to allow you to scroll a line at a time, half a page at a time or one page at a time.
		QVADIS Express Reader GT is a shareware reader with a nice selection of features and at the same time, some important missing features.
		You can either tap the screen to scroll up or down line by line (tap the top half of the screen to scroll backwards and bottom half to scroll forwards) or you can use the hardware buttons to screen up and down a screen at a time.
	www.the-gadgeteer.com /docreaders-review.html (12016 words)

	How does a screen reader work? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A screen reader is a software program that allows a blind person to read text on the screen and identify some graphics like buttons on a toolbar or icons on the Desktop.
		A screen reader also allows a person to control the computer using the keyboard rather than the mouse.
		A screen reader is a memory resident program that uses a text to speech synthesizer to relay information about what is appearing on the screen.
	www.blind.state.ia.us /access/how.htm (370 words)

	Screen Reader
		Screen reader (Speech synthesizer): Any of many software/hardware applications that convert computer generated text to artificial speech that is spoken through speech synthesizers or the computers speakers.
		Screen readers are a form of assistive technology software that converts text into audible words using phonic rules.
		This “reading” of the paper provides information to the reader in multiple intelligence forms of text, sound, and movement (as the text being read is highlighted), likely improving the reading speed, comprehension and retention of the material.
	www.unf.edu /~tcavanau/publications/tesol/screen_reader.htm (147 words)

	The Gnome Accessibility Project - Assistive Technology Projects
		Screen readers are primarily useful for people who are blind.
		On-screen keyboards are used by people who are unable to use a standard keyboard.
		On-screen keyboards are typically used in conjunction with alternate pointing devices.
	developer.gnome.org /projects/gap/AT/at-types.html (726 words)

	Observing Users Who Listen to Web Sites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mary and others observed and took notes from a second room where they had a large-screen view of the participant's screen with picture-in-picture views of the participant's face and the keyboard.
		Screen readers are amazingly good at reading, but they still mispronounce some words
		When "homepage" is written as one word, the screen reader says "hommapage." Write it as two words.
	www.stcsig.org /usability/newsletter/0304-observing.html (1349 words)

	WebAIM: Screen Reader Simulation
		These are not exactly the same keyboard shortcuts as real screen readers, but the idea is the same: you can't use your mouse; you are limited to the functionality in your keyboard.
		WebAIM has compiled a list of keyboard shortcuts and tasks to aid those who may be accessing this simulation using a screen reader or refreshable brailler.
		Open the WebAIM Screen Reader Simulation (This simulation is a large 2.42 MB file due to extensive audio content.)
	webaim.org /simulations/screenreader (345 words)

	WebText Reader - F.A.Q.
		Answer: No, WebText Reader is self-voicing and does not require a screen reader.
		By default, WebText Reader uses the Microsoft SAPI voices that are installed during installation, but it will use other SAPI voices including ETI Eloquence voices if you have them.
		During the installation of WebText Reader if you did not accept the Microsoft License Agreement by pressing Y on your keyboard, the speech engine was not installed.
	www.webtextreader.com /faq.htm (1205 words)

	Screen Reader Tutorial
		The navigation frame is standard throughout the rest of your time in Blackboard and allows you to move to the major areas in the Blackboard system.
		When using the Discussion Board with a screen reader, you will hear the page title bar, "Discussion Board." Multiple discussion boards (also called forums) may be created by the instructor, and this page contains a table listing the different discussion boards that are available.
		In general, for screen reader use, you may wish to avoid using these links, since reloading the page may make you lose your place.
	library.blackboard.com /docs/ScreenReaderTutorial.htm (2316 words)

	Hal screen reader product information
		Hal Screen Reader provides the very best intelligent screen access for visually impaired computer users through speech and Braille.
		Screen information is also displayed in Braille for users of the many supported Braille devices.
		Hal Screen Reader works with Microsoft Windows 95, 98, Me, NT v4.0, 2000 and XP and can be installed on wide and local area networks, laptops and home PCs.
	www.synapseadaptive.com /dolphin/hal.htm (960 words)

	Screen Reader Visibility Testing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Web designers are being advised to use a certain technique to create accessibility links which are not visible on a screen, but which are spoken by screen readers.
		Some screen readers do not speak material that is marked display:none.
		The hope is that visitors who are using modern browsers with CSS enabled will not see the Skip navigation link, and that visitors using screen readers will hear it.
	eleaston.com /bob/screenreader-visibility.html (490 words)

	Screen Reader - Assistive Technology for Blind and Visually Impaired People
		Reading a computer screen is a challenge for many people, and many others have reading difficulties not related to sight.
		LookOUT is a powerful but easy-to-use screen reader that makes the computer talk.
		Magnus magnifies everything on the screen up to 16 times so you can see it.
	www.screenreader.co.uk (280 words)

	A History of Accessibility at IBM - AccessWorld® - March 2004
		If you are reading this article, there is a good chance that you are using a screen reader, a term that is as generic to assistive technology as Kleenex is to facial tissues or Jell-o is to gelatin desserts.
		What you may not know, however, is that Screen Reader was once a proprietary product of IBM, rather than the generic term for the way people who are blind or have low vision gain access to computer screens.
		There were lots of blind people working in computers because of talking terminals." Thatcher noted that IBM Screen Reader did not become a trademarked product; at the time, the company was focusing on accessibility for the benefit of its staff members who were blind or had low vision.
	www.afb.org /afbpress/pub.asp?DocID=aw050207 (1682 words)

	Fangs: The Firefox Screen Reader Emulator Extension - Standards-schmandards
		For now you will have to look at the Fangs output and decide for yourself which screen reader it is most similar to...
		Hi to all, I think creating a plugin for Firefox instead of adjusting it to many different screen readers is a better idear, because it makes the access of websites screen reader independent.
		Screen readers need to be on the operating system level.
	www.standards-schmandards.com /index.php?2004/11/22/8-fangs-release-05 (1302 words)

	Screen Reader Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There are two versions of Screen Reader (DOS or OS/2) that work with a wide range of popular applications from word processors to spreadsheets.
		These easy-to-use tools give you all the control you need to be up and running, at home and at work.
		The tool that converts screen information to speech Screen Reader enables users to hear - rather than read - words on a computer screen.
	www.as.wvu.edu /~scidis/text/screen_reader.html (93 words)

	Social Security Online - Accessibility Policy - Screen Reader Navigation
		The instructions may or may not apply to your screen reader.
		A list of screen readers has been included at the end of this page so you can check with the company that produced your software for additional navigation information.
		The JAWS cursor was used to move all over the screen but again was not consistent or predictable.
	www.ssa.gov /screen-reader-hints.html (1011 words)

	Three things I learned about screen reader users \| unraveled
		As many of you know, I’m currently working on my HCI master’s thesis which is investigating the convergence of accessibility and usability in web design.
		Going into the tests, I had my own ideas about how screen reader users browse the web, so when I observed them actually using screen readers I was quite surprised.
		Not only does it give nice structure for screen reader users (I’ll have to check to see if WindowEyes announces the legend text… I can’t remember at the momemt), but it also provides nice structure for all users, including those that have full vision.
	unraveled.com /archives/2004/08/screen-readers (916 words)

	computer technology for blind
		This is a powerful screen reader program for people who are blind.
		Hal allows blind users to hear rather than see what is happening on their computer by converting the on screen display to speech.
		Screen reader software with braille and/or speech output.
	www.abilityhub.com /vision/blind.htm (222 words)

	HSU \| Student Disability Resource Center \| Tips for Screen Reader Users
		Consequently, the navigation links that appear toward the top of the page and on the left side of the screen are actually at the bottom of the HTML document.
		This will hopefully provide a pleasant experience for the screen reader users because the links will be read after the main content of each page.
		The tabbing order has been set so that the links within the main content of each page will be first, followed by the links in the navigation menu on the left side of the screen.
	www.humboldt.edu /~sdrc/tips_screen_readers.htm (249 words)

	Screen readers (Web AccessiBlog: Joe Clark: 2002.11.26)
		Screen readers, used by blind and visually-impaired Web-surfers, read text, menus, links, and other visual interface elements out loud in a selection of voices.
		Accessible text mode applications: “The nice thing about screen readers written for Linux are that they are under the Gnu Public License like Linux itself....
		Screen readers open Windows for the blind: Good explanation of the differences between Jaws and Window-Eyes screen readers (2001.01.11)
	joeclark.org /accessiblog/ab-screen.html (267 words)

	Glossary of Adaptive Technologies: Screen Readers and Talking Browsers
		A Screen Reader is the commonly used name for Voice Output Technology used.
		Screen readers are used to replace the visual display traditionally viewed on a monitor for those with visual disabilties.
		Hardware and software produce synthesized voice output for text displayed on the computer screen, as well as for keystrokes entered on the keyboard.
	www.utoronto.ca /atrc/reference/tech/scread.html (291 words)

	Alternative Web Browsing
		People with visual impairment or reading difficulties rely on speech output, Braille displays or screen magnification; and in many cases use the keyboard instead of the mouse.
		A screen-reader is used to allow navigation of the screen presented by the operating system, using speech or Braille output, and should therefore enable use of any mainstream application.
		In the context of browsing this usually means that they are used in conjunction with Netscape, Microsoft Internet Explorer, or, less often, with one of the other non-disability-specific browsers such as LYNX and Opera, detailed in section 3.
	www.w3.org /WAI/References/Browsing (1200 words)

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