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Topic: Scroll (parchment)

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	Dead Sea -- Psalms Scroll (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		This impressive scroll is a collection of psalms and hymns, comprising parts of forty-one biblical psalms (chiefly form chapters 101-50), in non-canonical sequence and with variations in detail.
		Its surface is the thickest of any of the scrolls-Äit may be of calfskin rather than sheepskin, which was the more common writing material at Qumran.
		The scroll's script is of fine quality, with the letters carefully drawn in the Jewish book-hand style of the Herodian period.
	www.ibiblio.org /expo/deadsea.scrolls.exhibit/Library/psalms.html (489 words)

	Scrolls - Crystalinks
		Scrolls are still used today in some religious contexts; in Jewish and many other cultures, a scroll is read with one roll to the left and one roll to the right, and with columns of text running from top to bottom.
		When we think of scrolls we often think about messages of great importance placed on bits of rolled-up papyrus to be found as humanity needs the information, as if it were part of their initiation into awareness.
		For cutting the parchment, the scribe was given a sharp, curved knife (novacula or rasorium) and a ruler (regula,linula, norma, canon, or præductale).
	www.crystalinks.com /scrolls1.html (1664 words)

	Sacred Scrolls
		The Sacred Protective Scrolls are groupings of letters and words preserved on parchment that are designed to call forth the protective forces of the universe itself.
		Scroll One: This is a powerful scroll with good general protective properties.
		This scroll is written in a mixture of Ancient Aramaic and Ancient Hebrew.
	www.tybro.com /html/sacred_scrolls.html (1565 words)

	eBay Store - ISRAEL DIRECT: MEZUZAH SCROLL: Kosher klaf scroll parchment for 4 mezuza mezuzah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Kosher klaf /scroll / parchment for 4" mezuza mezuzah
		Kosher klaf /scroll / parchment for 5" mezuza mezuzah
		Kosher klaf /scroll / parchment for 6" mezuza mezuzah
	stores.ebay.com /ISRAEL-DIRECT_MEZUZAH-SCROLL (160 words)

	The Gantse Megillah: Conservation of a 14-15th Century Parchment Esther Scroll
		With the introduction of a soft surfaced parchment, worked so as to obliterate the differences between hair and flesh sides, rulings, originally done with a sharp point, were later done in ink or with a "pencil" composed typically of 3/4 lead and 1/4 brass.
		Examples of mending parchment with paper and heavy parchment were also found in the collections of the Hebraic Section of the Library of Congress and the Library of Agudas Chassidei Chabad.
		In consideration of the vulnerability of the scroll and the rigors of shipping and display, when the exhibit was prepared for travel to other venues, only one representative sheet of the scroll was included.
	aic.stanford.edu /sg/bpg/annual/v16/bp16-04.html (3762 words)

	Scroll - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The way a scroll was read by being unrolled meant scribes were sometimes confused; for example, there are versions of the Egyptian Book of the Dead with repeated sections.
		Some other cultures use scrolls with one roll at the top and one at the bottom, called a hanging scroll, without any obvious division of the text into columns.
		Scrolls have experienced a revival in the 20th century, as they are now used frequently, in virtual instead of physical sense, in computer software (eg.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scroll_(parchment) (342 words)

	scroll. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000.
		A roll, as of parchment or papyrus, used especially for writing a document.
		An ornament or ornamental design that resembles a partially rolled scroll of paper, as the volute in Ionic and Corinthian capitals.
		Middle English scrowle, alteration (influenced by rolle, roll) of scrowe, from Old French escroue, escroe, strip of parchment, scroll, of Germanic origin.
	www.bartleby.com /61/26/S0172600.html (226 words)

	Interactive Tour
		Parchment made of fish skin cannot be used for this purpose; fish skin exudes an unpleasant odor which is not becoming to a Torah scroll.
		The parchment must be prepared with the intention that it be used for a Torah scroll.
		The letters of a Torah scroll are written in the "Assyrian" script; the various scripts or fonts in which Hebrew is commonly written or printed are not valid.
	spotlightdesign.com /websites/torahonline/TourHow.asp (980 words)

	Dead Sea Scrolls at Pacific Science Center
		Until the scrolls' discovery, the oldest Hebrew biblical manuscript known to scholars was written in 895 C.E. The biblical Dead Sea scrolls are more than 1,000 years older, having been transcribed or copied between 250 B.C.E. and 68 C.E., written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek.
		This scroll is rather young by Dead Sea scroll standards and was written not long after the death of Christ.
		Included in a portion of this scroll is a hymn which perhaps served as a type of the sort that the leader of the community would deliver in celebration of festival days.
	www.pacsci.org /dss/galleryofscrolls.html (805 words)

	SDNHM: Dead Sea Scrolls - Description, 2007 Exhibition
		The Leviticus Scroll found in Cave 11 is an impressive piece preserved on a large sheet of parchment.
		The scroll is written in the ancient Hebrew script known as Paleo-Hebrew, originally used during the period of the Israelite monarchy.
		Scrolls with nearly identical contents were discovered in 1896 in the genizah (depository for sacred texts) of the Ezra Synagogue in Cairo.
	www.sdnhm.org /scrolls/description.html (1493 words)

	In the news :: Torahscroll - Sofer Stam
		The parchment, which was several feet wide, was covered with the angular letters of the Hebrew alphabet and suspended between two stocky wooden rollers.
		Then some clever ancient scribe reasoned that, if the parchment were cut into individual pages and those sewed together at one end, readers could be spared the awkward task of rolling and unrolling their way through a book.
		Scrolls of a less-celebrated sofer, who might devote a whole year to producing just one, are priced from $18,000.
	www.torahscrolls.com /Tribune.htm (1881 words)

	The Image as Medicine in Ethiopia: Art That Heals: University of Iowa Health Care
		Parchment for a codex is made thinner than scroll parchment, which has to be tough.
		The patient's height is measured by a string (often the scroll is longer than the patient's body, as the cleric brings the string over the head to the nape of the neck, the better to protect the head), and the parchment is cut.
		In Wello the scroll is sealed in its case, and patients put it under their pillows, or under the part of the body that hurts.
	www.uihealthcare.com /depts/medmuseum/galleryexhibits/artthatheals/05preparation.html (491 words)

	Evaluation of the State of Degradation of Dead Sea Scroll Samples Using FT-IR Spectroscopy
		After it was determined that controlling the environment is critical to the stabilization of severely degraded parchment samples (l) several analytical methods were used by GCI to evaluate the state of degradation of scroll fragments.
		A literature survey showed that the degree degradation of parchment can be assessed by several methods, such as determining the collagen/gelatin ratio using IR (9, 10) and XRD (7), or measuring the water content (11), sulfur content (12) or shrinkage temperature (13) as well as examining the racemization of D and L aspartic acid (7).
		The reference parchment samples were found to have a band intensity ratio of 1.0 - 1.1, while the band intensity ratios of the scroll fragments ranged from 1.3 - 1.6.
	aic.stanford.edu /conspec/bpg/annual/v10/bp10-06.html (3287 words)

	Etherington & Roberts. Dictionary--scroll (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The scroll, and early forms of manuscript, was called volumen (roll) by the Romans, and is the word from which volume is derived.
		The scroll (or roll) consisted of a number of sheets of papyrus, parchment, etc., glued together to form a long strip and wound on a rod.
		The scroll was generally fitted with a parchment cover, fastened with laces, and finished with a "sittybus", or title label.
	palimpsest.stanford.edu /don/dt/dt2989.html (149 words)

	Lochac College of Scribes: Gallery 4, The Making of a Scroll
		The time-period for the scroll must be decided, and exemplars of the style studied.
		Parchment can be a tricky medium to work with; it is very sensitive to relative humidity and tends to buckle in unexpected places.
		The scroll was written with Chinese ink and illuminated with gold leaf, gold powder and period pigments.
	www.sca.org.au /scribes/gallery4.htm (692 words)

	Who? and What? in the Synagogue
		When the parchment sheets are ready, the scribe marks out lines and columns using a stylus, which makes a mark in the skin that has no color, much as if you ran your fingernail across a sheet of paper.
		The scroll is again rolled closed, and the person reciting the blessing holds the wooden rollers and recites the second blessing.
		Torah scrolls are often similarly dressed, with a breastplate which is hung over the top of the eitzei chayim (wooden rollers), though it can have a wide variety of designs and inscriptions.
	scheinerman.net /judaism/synagogue/torah.html (1910 words)

	Scroll doctor - Roanoke.com
		Morning sun streamed across the long table in the Temple Emanuel library, causing the white parchment scroll on the table to gleam in the light.
		The set on the congregation's oldest Torah scroll - saved from the Holocaust and estimated to be 260 years old - was unwieldy to handle, risking accidental damage every time it was used.
		Scraps of parchment, string, even the dust created by use of the pumice is saved and later boiled down into glue to be used on other projects.
	www.roanoke.com /extra/19223.html (799 words)

	On Restoring Sacred Objects
		There is evidence that leather and parchment prepared by gentiles was acceptable for use in the production of sacred Hebrew writings, provided that that was the intent from the beginning of preparation, and it is known that gentiles were permitted to restore broken rollers, atzei hayim, upon which scrolls were rolled.
		The damage must not affect the text; the damage may be broken sinew connecting two yeriot; the damage may consist of edge tears; the damage may be the loss of either yeriah connecting the Torah to the atzei hayim; the damage may be to the atzei hayim.
		The restoration of the Scroll of Esther was not good, but from the evidence, I believe that it was done by an owner, not a sofer, and certainly not by a conservator.
	palimpsest.stanford.edu /byauth/thompson/sacred (3754 words)

	ArtLex on Scrolls
		Any scroll meant to be viewed by manually unrolling may be called a handscroll.
		A scroll intended for continuous exhibition upon a wall may be called a hanging scroll.
		Autumn Landscape, Ching dynasty, 1701, hanging scroll; ink and color on paper, signatures: Zing-Xiang chen ren, Dadizu, and Shitao; seals: five of the artist, two of the collector Ouyang Lin dated 1907, three of collectors in lower left, and four in the lower right corner, Worcester Art Museum, MA.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/s/scroll.html (382 words)

	My Scroll? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		For framing parchment or vellum yourself make sure there is at least 1/4 inch space between the surface of the parchment and the glass.
		Scrolls on paper will frame very nicely with a double mat to ensure that the surface doesn't come into contact with the glass.
		As for Principality awards, not many scrolls were given out before the reign of Roak and Moria, so as a result there are a great number of people in Ealdormere without scrolls for their Principality awards.
	www.ealdormere.sca.org /signet/scroll.html (649 words)

	Encyclopedia Judaica: Mezuzah Scroll, Mezuzah parchment, How a Mezuzah is Made, How to Affix a Mezuzah.
		The parchment is then rolled into a scroll, wrapped in paper or plastic, inserted into hard plastic, glass, wooden or metal case, and affixed to the doorpost.
		The parchment should be rolled into a scroll such that the first words " Shema Yisrael" ("Hear O Israel...") will be read first upon unrolling.
		The case should be placed on the right side of the door (from point of view of one entering the building or room) on the lower part of the upper third of the doorpost (or around shoulder height for high doorways), within approximately 3 inches of a doorway opening.
	www.all-that-gifts.com /je/mezuzah.htm (679 words)

	Coal to Scroll
		Hundreds of scrolls, reduced to lumps of coal by the 750-degree Fahrenheit eruption of Mt. Vesuvius over the ancient Roman city of Herculaneum in 79 A.D., are now emerging from the volcano's ash.
		Unearthed in the remains of the library of Herculaneum’s most elegant mansion in the 18th century, the scrolls were in such poor condition that workers thought they were lumps of coal and discarded many of them.
		Of the 1,800 existing scrolls, 400 have never been unrolled and 450 are so difficult to read that their text remain unknown.
	www.acfnewsource.org /science/coal_to_scroll.html (741 words)

	Dead see scrolls
		The scrolls were probably written and used by the Essenes, a Jewish sect.
		The scrolls contain, for example, suggestive references to the "son of God" and baptismal rites that seem to presage Christianity.
		The group that adulterated the scrolls "didn't have modern conservation technology, they were scholars, not conservators," explains Ariel Orlov, senior coordinator for temporary exhibitions at the Field.
	whyfiles.org /shorties/057dead_sea (744 words)

	Fragments of biblical scroll discovered in Israeli desert - The Boston Globe
		JERUSALEM -- A secretive encounter with a Bedouin in a desert valley led to the discovery of two fragments from a nearly 2,000-year-old parchment scroll -- the first such finding in decades, an Israeli archeologist said yesterday.
		The two small pieces of brown animal skin, inscribed in Hebrew with verses from the Book of Leviticus, are from ''refugee" caves in Nachal Arugot, a canyon near the Dead Sea where Jews hid from the Romans in the second century, Eshel said.
		The finding constitutes the 15th scroll fragments found in the area from the same period of the Jewish ''Bar Kochba" revolt against the Romans.
	www.boston.com /news/world/middleeast/articles/2005/07/16/fragments_of_biblical_scroll_discovered_in_israeli_desert (408 words)

	Mezuzah: The Jewish Lightning Rod
		The parchment is then rolled into a scroll, wrapped in paper or plastic, usually inserted into a hard-plastic or metal case, and affixed to the doorpost.
		The parchment must come from a kosher animal, such as a cow, or a goat, and must be prepared by means of specific processes.
		The Mezuzah scroll, in the case, should be placed on the right doorpost as you enter the room.
	www.beingjewish.com /mitzvos/mezuzah.html (2716 words)

	TWO THOUSAND YEARS LATER: Scrolls from the Dead Sea (Library of Congress Exhibition)
		These scroll fragments were displayed in the exhibit at the Library of Congress, May - August 1993.
		The first is an admonition that implores the congregation to remain faithful to the covenant of those who retreated from Judea to the "Land of Damascus." The second lists statutes dealing with vows and oaths, the tribunal, witnesses and judges, purification of water, Sabbath laws, and ritual cleanliness.
		The left-hand margin was sewn to another piece of parchment, as evidenced by the remaining stitches.
	www.loc.gov /exhibits/scrolls/scr4.html (445 words)

	THE QUMRAN LIBRARY: SCROLLS: Scrolls from the Dead Sea (Library of Congress Exhibition)
		The form of the tab--probably part of a fastening--seems to indicate that the extant text was at the beginning of the scroll, which was originally longer.
		This scroll was discovered in 1956, when a group of Ta`amireh Bedouin happened on Cave 11, but it was first unrolled fourteen years later, at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.
		Inscribed in the scroll are parts of the final chapters (22-27) of Leviticus, the third book in the Pentateuch, which expounds laws of sacrifice, atonement, and holiness.
	www.loc.gov /exhibits/scrolls/scr3.html (1237 words)

	Woodacre Torah Chapt. 2
		The parchment was made of sheepskin of the finest quality, smooth and fine.
		The scroll that Rabbi Shmuel used as a model to copy from was the very same Sefer Torah that his father had finished twenty-one years earlier when Shmuel was a little boy.
		The entire scroll was to be held on both ends by beautiful hand-carved wooden rollers.
	www.mcjc.org /mjoldart/woodacre/mjass002.htm (1250 words)

	History of Temple Sholom
		The medium-sized scroll was used the most often but several major rips developed in the parchment, some of the letters flaked off with age, and much of the parchment suffered water damage.
		The scroll was corrected and repaired extremely carefully by the scribe, under the supervision of a rabbi who specializes in the laws of Torah repair.
		The medium scroll was written in a Polish shtetl (rural Jewish settlement) about 1920 and the small scroll was written about 1880 in a Polish shtetl by a scribe who had spent some time in Italy.
	www.uscj.org /mid-continent/eauclaire/history.htm (1263 words)

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