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Topic: Scrub Pine

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Pitch pine

Pine Barrens

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Scientific classification

Theia

	Virginia (Scrub) Pine
		The Virginia pine is in some ways esthetically similar to the Japanese Black Pine, but has smaller needles and does not grow as thick a trunk.
		Pines and other conifers grow in association with a symbiotic fungus which grows in the root ball of the tree.
		For this reason, pines and other conifers should never be bare-rooted, unless steps are taken to re-introduce the fungus to the repotted plant, such as making a slurry (thin mud) of the old soil and pouring it over the newly potted soil.
	www.bonsai-bci.com /species/virginia-pine.html (827 words)

	botany/pinus
		Pine trees are also tapped in several parts of the world, such as western France, the southeastern U.S., and the Himalayas, for the purpose of their resin, which when distilled provides turpentine and resin.
		Pines intended to grow in the forest should be set in their positions when quite small, from 9 to 12 inches high.
		Pines usually form straggly roots and it's difficult to dig them up with a good soil ball, but this is very important to successful transplanting of all but very small plants.
	www.botany.com /pinus.html (1351 words)

	Scrub
		Scrub ecosystems are a valuable natural resource, not only because they are an important habitat for wildlife but because they act as recharge areas for the water table.
		Sand pine scrub is known as a pyrogenic, or fire-dependant ecosystem.
		Scrub habitat may be found on elevated dunes along the Florida coastline or inland along the central, sandy ridges of the peninsula.
	www.sfrc.ufl.edu /4h/Ecosystems/Scrub/scrub.html (1869 words)

	MSRP Scrub Community Account
		Scrub soils range from the pure white, excessively leached St. Lucie Fine Sand, to moderately leached Paola and Orsino sands that are characterized by a white surface and a yellowish subsoil.
		Scrubs often occupy ecotones between longleaf pine savannas (high pine or pine flatwoods) and wetlands, and conditions within a single scrub may grade from xeric to mesic.
		Scrub at Oscar Scherer SRA in Sarasota County was mowed with a Brown tree cutter prior to burning (Smyth 1991).
	www.fws.gov /verobeach/Communities/scrub-msrp.htm (7579 words)

	Vegetation of the Pine Barrens
		Pine roots in the Plains forests were found to support about seven stems each; there were only two stems from each oak root.
		Pitch pine is the principal tree in these forests, but 30 to 20 percent of the trees are fl oaks, scarlet oaks or southern red oaks.
		The oak- pine forest canopy ranges from 35 to 50 feet high but in stands left unburned for a century or more, the trees may be 75 to 100 feet tall.
	www.state.nj.us /pinelands/infor/curric/pinecur/vpb.htm (2876 words)

	Scrub
		Scrub, except saw palmetto scrub, is a term often used to describe well-drained xeric habitats (Woolfenden and Fitzpatrick 1984).
		Scrub is generally characterized as open pineland with an oak or palmetto understory, that is well adapted to dry conditions.
		Dune and scrub inhabitant (Canaveral to Sebastian Inlet)
	www.sms.si.edu /irlspec/Scrub.htm (914 words)

	NCSSF - Pine Barrens
		Pine barrens typically occur on xeric sand plains of the northeastern coastal plain (Boerner 1981, Forman and Boerner 1981) or on the sandy glacial outwash of major river valleys (Motzkin et al.
		Dormant buds of top-killed young pitch pine and scrub oak survive beneath the soil surface and are quick to sprout, and within a short time the green of blueberry and other deep-rooted groundcover returns.
		The locations and existence of current pitch pine canopies within the presettlement range of pine barrens may be the result of former land use in the late 1800s to early 1900s, including farm abandonment and/or cutting, combined with a subsequent period of increased fire frequency.
	www.unh.edu /ncssf/results-pine-barrens.htm (8853 words)

	Florida Ecological Restoration Inventory: FWCC Land Cover/Habitat Classifications
		Pine flatwoods occur on flat sandy terrain where the overstory is characterized by longleaf pine, slash pine, or pond pine.
		Xeric Oak Scrub: Xeric oak scrub is a xeric hardwood community typically consisting of clumped patches of low growing oaks interspersed with bare areas of white sand.
		Mixed Hardwood Pine Forests: This community is the southern extension of the Piedmont southern mixed hardwoods, and occurs mainly on the clay soils on the northern Pandhandle.
	www.dep.state.fl.us /water/wetlands/feri/fwcchabitats.htm (2914 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Florida sand pine scrub (NA0513)
		An important exception, and one of the smallest ecoregions in the continental U.S., is the Florida Sand Pine Scrub (hereafter scrub), which occurs as a small archipelago of sandy ridges and limestone areas restricted to central and southern Florida, and a narrow stretch along the Gulf coast of Florida.
		Scrub is frequently cited as Florida's most distinct ecosystem; physiognomy and composition are quite distinct from surrounding habitats and between 40-60 percent of scrub species are considered to be endemic.
		Scrub contains a biological treasure house of plants and animals adapted to life on scattered ridges of sand; the ancient origins of these sand dune communities date back to the Pliocene savannas, and provide a relic example of an extremely old and formerly extensive ecosystem (Deyrup and Eisner 1993).
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/na/na0513_full.html (1065 words)

	Florida scrub jay: Threatened
		And as one Florida scrub jay demonstrated by landing on the little boy's head, these jays are known to be friendly enough to eat nuts and seeds from the palm of a bird lover's hand.
		Their ideal environment is a relatively open flatwoods of oak or sand pine scrub with trees less than 10 feet tall, wide apart and providing minimal canopy cover.
		As most of the scrub habitats are urbanized, considerably destroying and fragmenting the Florida scrub jay habitat, other factors contribute to the demise of the threatened species.
	www.ecofloridamag.com /archived/scrub_jay.htm (1006 words)

	Scrub Habitat - Enchanted Forest - Titusville, Florida
		Scrub in Brevard County has been reduced greatly by development; for example, it is estimated that in Brevard County north of Cocoa the total area of scrub decreased by 69% between 1943 and 1991.
		Oak-saw palmetto scrub is a shrubland dominated by scrub oaks, saw palmetto, and shrubs in the heath family including rusty lyonia, staggerbush, shiny blueberry, fetterbush (Lyonia lucida), and tarflower (Befaria racemosa).
		Scrub that has been unburned for long periods needs to be restored to support scrub-dependent plants and animals.
	www.nbbd.com /godo/ef/scrub/index.html (1193 words)

	TNC/FIRE MANUAL
		and pine scrub is a xeric community with a closed to open canopy of sand pines and a dense understory of oaks and other evergreen shrubs.
		Any large oaks present within the sand pine scrub community will be topkilled by the intense fires as well, allowing for the sand pines to reestablish their dominance in the tree layer.
		In the absence of fire mature sand pines may develop heart rot and die, and healthy sand pine cones may not be stimulated enough by the latent heat to release their seeds.
	www.brevardparks.com /eel/education/fire/firemanual/page59.html (393 words)

	Pine Barrens
		Pitch pine/scrub oak barrens, also called oak/pine scrub or pine barrens, typically have an open canopy of pitch pine and a nearly impenetrable understory of scrub oak up to 2-3 meters (7-10 feet) tall and shorter huckleberry about a meter (3 feet) tall.
		There is often a mosaic of scrub oak which may be thick enough to exclude other plants, openings with lowbush blueberry, bearberry, or lichen, and grassland or heathland in low areas.
		Areas with tree oaks or abundant pine trees of either species are considered to be woodland or forest, not barrens.
	www.mass.gov /guard/E&RC/pinebarrens.htm (193 words)

	Discovering Florida Scrub-Curriculum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Scrub is a shrub community with a variation of organisms from site to site and is part of a larger xeric (dry) upland ecosystem that includes high pine.
		Sand pine scrub is sometimes open and airy or forest-like with a dense overstory of mature sand pines and a shrub layer underneath.
		Florida scrub is a lingering example of a series of dry habitats that extended from southwest North America across southern North America to Florida hundreds of thousands of years ago.
	www.archbold-station.org /discoveringflscrub/intro/intro.html (1819 words)

	Your National Forest - Projects & Plans
		Growing on deep, prehistoric sand dunes, the sand pine scrub is home to the threatened Florida scrub-jay, sand skink, and Florida bonamia plant.
		The Sand pine at that time was still young due to the numerous fires in the 1920’s and 1930’s that killed the trees and burned the oaks and shrubs back to ground level.
		Scrub buckwheat (threatened) and small Lewton’s milkwort (endangered) also occur on the Ocala National Forest where they straddle the scrub and high pineland habitats.
	www.fs.fed.us /r8/florida/resources/index-oca.shtml (3558 words)

	Albany Pine Bush
		The Albany Pine Bush Preserve Commission was created by the NYS Legislature in 1988 to protect and manage the unique and endangered natural communities and species of the Albany Pine Bush for ecological, recreational and educational benefits.
		In the absence of fire, however, the pitch pine canopy begins to close and grassy openings are crowded out due to increased density of the oak understory.
		During the 2004 growing season, 129 acres of pitch pine scrub oak barrens were mowed with the hydro-axe and burned about one month after mowing.
	www.umass.edu /nrc/nebarrensfuels/ne_barrens/albany (1229 words)

	SPRUCE PlNE (SCRUB PINE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The spruce pine ages well, taking on a certain character with its gnarled branches and persistent cones that defy the elements.
		The spruce pine attains a growth of eighty feet and may reach four feet in diameter.
		The dark, rough bark, is broken into shallow plates ranging in color from dark brown to purple.
	www.baylink.org /wpc/sprcpine.html (186 words)

	Pine
		Pines offer a variety of forms, needle structures, color (from blue to dark green) and texture (from fine to coarse).
		Pruning pines is usually unnecessary, except to remove dead or broken branches.
		Mulching around old and new pine trees is beneficial since it reduces water stress and weeds.&n For more information on mulching and mulch materials, refer to HGIC 1604, Mulching.
	hgic.clemson.edu /factsheets/HGIC1020.htm (1986 words)

	Montague
		An ongoing project in pitch pine at Montague is looking at the variability in the moisture content of pitch pine needles throughout a given year.
		In tracking the moisture content of the Montague pitch pine needles over more than two and a half years, we have noticed that moisture content is lowest in the beginning of May. This has important implications for increased crown fire hazard--the drier the needles, the greater the risk of crown fire.
		When the fire, spreading eastward with a 25mph wind, runs into the treated pitch pine stand (shown in blue in the top figure), the fire changes from an active crowning fire to a fire in which individual trees are torching (see second figure).
	www.umass.edu /nrc/nebarrensfuels/ma_barrens/montague/index.html (1650 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Base Cation and Silicon Biogeochemistry under Pine and Scrub Oak Monocultures: Implications ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In scrub oak, canopy leaching was an important input of chemicals to the soil.
		Soil solution chemistry shows that canopy and nutrient cycling processes are different between pine and scrub oak and are impacting the cation loss rates at different rates causing different soils to form after only 5 decades.
		In contrast to pine throughfall, mean K concentrations were higher than Ca in oak throughfall, reflecting the importance of canopy leaching.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=176912 (526 words)

	Albany Pine Bush
		The Albany Pine Bush Commission is hoping to protect 1,600 to 2,400 hectares (4,000 to 6,000 acres) of the Pine Bush ecosystem, including pine barrens, ravines, wetlands, and other associated communities.
		Wetlands occur in poorly drained depressions in the Pine Bush and are mostly clustered along the northern boundary of the Preserve and at the bottoms of ravines.
		Spotted turtles occur in a variety of wetlands in the Pine Bush and are active in vernal ponds during the spring.
	training.fws.gov /library/pubs5/web_link/text/apb_form.htm (2724 words)

	Pitch Pine / Scrub Oak Barrens - Critical Habitats of Cape Cod (The Woods Hole Research Center)
		Wellfleet Pitch Pine and Scrub Oak (.jpg - 77k)
		These barrens are dry pitch pine (Pinus rigida) forests with acidic, sandy, nutrient-poor soils, open canopies and dense understories of scrub oak (Quercus ilicifolia).
		Large pitch pine barrens are mosaics of small habitats, often containing kettle holes dominated by low-growing heaths.
	www.whrc.org /capecod/critical_habitats/Pitch_Pine.htm (215 words)

	[No title]
		The scrub lupine is a large plant that has the potential for use as a decorative landscape addition.
		The scrub lupine is a large and attractive plant that has the potential for use as a decorative landscape addition.
		Sand pine scrub burns infrequently, roughly every 30 to 80 years, but the fires are intense (06).
	fwie.fw.vt.edu /WWW/esis/lists/e704043.htm (1606 words)

	Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Roots of mature trees may penetrate to 9' though the abundant lateral roots are mostly confined to the upper 18" of soil; develops a taproot as a seedling and maintains it to maturity.
		Jack Pine is typically killed by crown fires or by moderate-severity surface fires.
		The winged seeds are the smallest of the native pines and are dispersed by gravity and wind.
	www.rook.org /earl/bwca/nature/trees/pinusbank.html (1485 words)

	FIRE ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Many plant communities including scrub, pine flatwoods, coastal strand, and marshes depend on fire for their continued existence.
		Pine flatwoods have an open canopy of pines (on KSC primarily South Florida slash pine).
		Scrub is a shrub community dominated by several oak species, saw palmetto, and shrubs in the heath family.
	www.turnerlearning.com /efts/species/fire.html (528 words)

	Berkshire Taconic Landscape Program - Pitch Pine-Scrub Oak Communities
		Other ridgetops have communities with strong scrub oak occurrences but relatively few pitch pines; this is particularly true in the area burned over in 1929 by a fire that started in Boston Corners (NY) and burned over to Bear Mtn.
		At least two and possibly three variations of the ridgetop pitch pine scrub oak community occur in the Berkshire Taconic landscape (Shaw and Lowenstein, 1999, in preparation).
		Our understanding of the role and importance of fire in their development is limited at this time, but based on work at similar communities elsewhere it may be a critical process.
	www.nature.org /wherewework/northamerica/states/berkshire/work/art2320.html (241 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Florida sand pine scrub (NA0513)
		Today the Florida Sand Pine Scrub ecoregion is home to plants and animals that have adapted to living in somewhat harsh conditions on isolated ridges of sand.
		Partially because scrub areas are so small and isolated from each other, evolution has created many species that are adapted to the unique conditions within each isolated area.
		In addition, many insects are restricted to single patches of scrub here.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/na/na0513.html (374 words)

	Bath Petals - All Natural Salt Scrub, Bath Salts, Body Butter, Soy Candles, Massage Oil, Spa Products & Gifts
		From the ring of eternal pines that circle the Earth...mineral-rich sea salt and emollient oils infused with balancing, revitalizing pine needle essential oil to polish and moisturize the body from head to toe.
		One of our best sellers, Salt Scrub is an essential item for all who love to glisten from head to toe.
		Using salt scrub helps activate circulation and deep clean the pores, while polishing and nourishing the skin, leaving you soft and glowing.
	www.bathpetals.com /catalog/product_info.php/cPath/26/products_id/86 (297 words)

	Buy Caldrea Powdered Scrub, Lavender Pine Online at drugstore.com
		Oxygen bleach and non-scratching calcium carbonate provide a hard-working, yet safe, powdered scrub for everyday messes and hard-to-remove stains.
		Wet surface, sprinkle a small amount of powder on surface and scrub.
		For difficult stains, leave on surface for a few minutes after scrubbing, then rinse.
	www.drugstore.com /qxp154449_332828_sespider/caldrea/powdered_scrub_lavender_pine.htm (276 words)

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