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	Scutage - LoveToKnow 1911
		Levies of scutage were distinguished by the names of the campaigns for which they were raised, as "the scutage of Toulouse" (or "great scutage,"), "the scutage of Ireland" and so forth.
		By its provisions the crown was prohibited from levying any scutage save by "the common counsel of our realm." In the reissue of the Charter in 1217 it was provided, instead of this, that scutages should be levied as they had been under Henry II.
		As between the tenants-inchief, however, and their under-tenants, the payment of scutage continued and was often stereotyped by the terms of charters of subinfeudation, which specified the quota of scutage due rather than the proportion of a knight's fee granted.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Scutage (737 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Scutage
		Separate levies of scutage received the names of the campaigns for which they were raised, as "the scutage of Toulouse"?title=(or "great scutage"), "the scutage of Ireland", and so forth.
		Scutage rapidly became obsolescent as a source of revenue, Edward II (reigned 1307â“1327) and Edward III (reigned 1327â“1377) only imposing one levy each and relying on other modes of taxation, more uniform and direct.
		Apart from its financial aspect it had possessed a legal importance as the test, according to Bracton, of tenure by knight-service, its payment, on however small a scale, proving the tenure to be "military"?title=with all the consequences involved.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Scutage (670 words)

	Knight-Service - LoveToKnow 1911
		scutage)." By the time of Henry III., as Bracton states, the test of tenure was scutage; liability, however small, to scutage payment made the tenure military.
		The barons, instead of paying scutage, compounded for their service by the payment of lump sums, and, by a process which is still obscure, the nominal quotas of knight-service due from each had, by the time of Edward I., been largely reduced.
		The knight's fee, however, remained a knight's fee, and the pecuniary incidents of military tenure, especially wardship, marriage, and fines on alienation, long continued to be a source of revenue to the crown.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Knight-Service (1093 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It was supposed till recently that scutage was first introduced in 1156 or on the occasion of Henry II.'s expedition against Toulouse in 1159; but it is now recognized that the institution existed already under Henry I. and Stephen, when it occurs as scutagium, scuagium or escuagium.
		Levies of scutage were distinguished by the names of the campaigns for which they were raised, as " the scutage of Toulouse " (or " great scutage "), " the scutage of Ireland " and so forth.
		By its provisions the crown was prohibited from levying any scutage save by " the common counsel of our realm." In the reissue of the Charter in 1217 it was provided, instead of this, that scutages should be levied as they had been under Henry II.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?content_id=60024&locale=en (749 words)

	AllRefer.com - scutage (Ancient History, Middle Ages And Feudalism) - Encyclopedia
		Scutage collection increased noticeably in the later 12th cent., no doubt partly because of the rise of a professional military class of knights, with the consequent trend to commutation of military service.
		The king obtained the necessary funds by scutages on his vassals and their subvassals.
		The barons resisted the imposition of scutage, and one of their major demands against King John concerned scutage.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/scutage.html (323 words)

	Scutage Encyclopedia Article @ TaxCove.net (Tax Cove) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Separate levies of scutage received the names of the campaigns for which they were raised, as "the scutage of Toulouse" (or "great scutage"), "the scutage of Ireland", and so forth.
		Henry III (reigned 1216–1272), scutage rates usually amounted to three marcs, but required the assent of the barons, and levies occurred only on adequate occasions.
		subinfeudation, which specified the quota of scutage due rather than the proportion of a knight's fee granted, often stereotyped scutage.
	www.taxcove.net /encyclopedia/Scutage (800 words)

	SCUTAGE - Online Information article about SCUTAGE
		As between the tenants-inchief, however, and their under-tenants, the payment of scutage continued and was often stereotyped by the terms of charters of See also:
		quota of scutage due rather than the proportion of a knight's fee granted.
		Roll Society), is the chief record authority on the subject; but many of the scutages are wrongly dated by the editor, whose conclusions have been severely criticized by J.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /SAR_SCY/SCUTAGE.html (990 words)

	The 1165 Levy for the Army of Wales
		In the case of the earl of Pembroke, the meaning is explicit: he was pardoned on account of the serjeants and milites he had led in the king's host.
		Among the scutage assessments and borough aid assessments, the meaning of the pardons and deductions is sometimes equally explicit.
		In this period 74.6 per cent of the scutage assessments and 70.8 per cent of the serjeanty assessments were paid.
	medieval.ucdavis.edu /130/1165LEVY.HTML (3352 words)

	Appendix
		Henry II's intention to concentrate on the levying of foot soldiers for the campaign against the Welsh is reflected in the fact that 67.6 per cent of the total assessments against tenancies-in-chief were based on the 15s.
		Most of them were assessed for serjeants rather than for scutage, and for both in the case of the bishop of London.
		We have already seen that the archbishopric of Canterbury was assessed for two scutages, and the bishop of Durham was assessed for 100 marks de dono suo, an amount that was far in excess even of a scutage on the see's total enfeoffment.
	www.deremilitari.org /RESOURCES/SOURCES/latimer1.htm (3639 words)

	Scutage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Magna Carta (1215) article 12 specifically states that no scutage or aid shall be imposed on the kingdom unless by common counsel (agreement).
		Exceptions include, ransom for the king knighting the king's eldest son and marrying the king's eldest daugther.
		In all cases the scutage or aid should be reasonable.
	www.taxworld.org /History/Scutage.htm (62 words)

	Scutage biography .ms (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In practice, however, under Henry III (reigned 1216 - 1272), scutage rates usually amounted to three marcs, but required the assent of the barons, and levies occurred only on adequate occasions.
		Scutage rapidly became obsolescent as a source of revenue, Edward II (reigned 1307 - 1327) and Edward III (reigned 1327 - 1377) only imposing one levy each and relying on other modes of taxation, more uniform and direct.
		Baldwin?s The Scutage and Knight Service in England (1897), a dissertation printed at the University of Chicago Press, offers a major monograph on the subject (though not wholly free from error).
	scutage.biography.ms.cob-web.org:8888 (628 words)

	Scutage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The tax of scutage or escuage in the law of England under the feudal system, allowed a knight to "buy out" of the military service due to the Crown from the holder of a knight's fee.
		Meanwhile, a practice had arisen, possibly as early as Richard I's reign (1189–1199), of accepting from great barons special "fines" for permission not to serve in a campaign.
		Scargill Bird's "Scutage and Marshal’s Rolls" in Genealogist (1884), vol.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scutage (694 words)

	Scutage - Encyclopædia CK
		Higher scutage means vassals will provide smaller regiments, but you will also have more gold to hire mercenaries.
		Higher scutage lowers the loyalty of your vassals.
		Scutage can be modified from the Treasury Screen.
	www.crusader-kings.com /wiki/index.php?title=Scutage (58 words)

	[No title]
		Thus the scutage of Scotland imposed in 1209 does not appear until 1212, whereas the scutage of Ireland imposed in 1210 appears under 1211.
		Collection of scutages was often very protracted, so the allocation of figures under years in which the majority of the proceeds were accounted for inevitably has a degee of artificiality about it.
		In the year 1243 the blank entry for SCUTGRO does not mean that there was no scutage levied, but there is a problem in assessing the amount concerned.\par \par Scutage was levied on feudal tenants-in-chief of the crown, and assessed at a flat rate on each knight's fee on his barony.
	www.le.ac.uk /hi/bon/ESFDB/ORM/ENGD019.RTF (410 words)

	[No title]
		We command you that, on sight of these letters, you immediately distrain all those men of your bailiwick who hold of us in chief, and who have not brought you our letters regarding the collection of their scutage by their own hand,[1] without delay to pay you the scutage owed us, namely, 2m.
		And you are there to have with you our letters which they bring you regarding the collection of their scutage by their own hand.
		And therefore we command you that you cause him to have the said scutage as aforesaid...." "The king to the sheriff of Middlesex, greeting.
	www.constitution.org /sech/sech_046.txt (2101 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: England: The Collection of Scutage, 1159-1195
		The collection of the first scutage in England, in A.D. 1159, was associated with the establishment of an orderly system of taxation.
		This year King Henry took a scutage from all England, of which the total was one hundred and eighty thousand pounds of silver.
		In the sixth year of King Richard a scutage of twenty shillings was assessed universally; there were no exemptions.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/scutage.html (384 words)

	History of Knights
		As feudalism waned, knightly service was often commuted into the cash payment known as SCUTAGE Feudal knighthood ended in Germany in the early 16th cent., and earlier in Britain and France.
		In modern Britain, knighthood is conferred by the sovereign on commoners or nobles for civil or military achievements.
		In the MAGNA CARTA (1215), King JOHN of England pledged not to impose scutage without the consent of his barons.
	www.angelfire.com /la/ticheli/history.html (1136 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for scutage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		scutage, feudal payment, usually in cash, given in lieu of actual military service due from a vassal to an overlord.
		Scutage collection increased noticeably in the later 12th cent., no doubt partly because of the rise of a professional military class of
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "scutage" at HighBeam.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/11625.html (377 words)

	The OnLine Fantasy Dictionary
		Scutage (n) Hield-tax, a tax paid in lieu of military service.
		Scutage (n) The sum that the holder of a knight's fee may pay his lord/lady in lieu of military service.
		Sergeants pay the feudal dues of wardship, marriage, and relief but are exempt from scutage (nonknightly).
	members.aol.com /fyrworld/ofds.htm (1127 words)

	Cameys of Flockthorpe
		He is also mentioned in the Pipe Roll of 1186 amongst the Barons of Norfolk, as owing 20s scutage because he did not join the King's army against the Welsh, and is again referred to in 1189 as still owing 15s.
		A minor at his father's death, as already stated; in the scutage levied by King John in 1201 and finally collected by 1212, his guardian David, Earl of Huntingdon is first mentioned as having exemption from scutage on one fee in Norfolk (i.e.
		On February 19th, 1221, he was commanded to take scutage from the Archbishop of York for all the latter's lands in his Baillia, from which it may be presumed that he was then Sheriff of certain counties.
	users.qconline.com /~kemmy/book/kemmis03.html (6894 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Maximising Military Power - Questions.
		Scutage - If you set this to less, it says your nobles will have more troops.
		Scutage - affects vassals, not your own nobles.
		After you get past the early mid game, when your provinces start to have most of the available improvements built and a fair number of techs, the limit to any provinces army will NOT be the province income but the support limit.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=268877 (807 words)

	Recruiting, Organization, Tactics
		A person owing militiary service paid a small fee to the King and was rid of his --or her-- obligations for that year.
		Thus England developed somethlng of a regular army, consisting of hundreds of private contractors willing to provide service anywhere and anytime at the King' s pleasure and expense.
		Now scutage existed under French law as well, but France was so large --as was the military class-- that even by relying upon feudal obligation it was usually never difficult to collect a large army.
	www.hyw.com /books/history/Recruiti.htm (1668 words)

	McKechnie ed., Magna Carta: Text and Commentary (1914): The Online Library of Liberty
		Thus his Exchequer was amply replenished, while he was able for a time to conciliate his most inveterate opponents, the northern barons, by remitting during several years the hated burden of a scutage.
		Without consent or warning, he had imposed a scutage at the unprecedented rate of three marks on the knight’s fee.
		Their cup of wrath, which had long been filling, overflowed when the scutage of three marks was imposed.
	oll.libertyfund.org /Texts/McKechnie0323/0032_Bk.html (14057 words)

	My Left Wing :: Magna Charta Text III: "No Scutage or Aid..."
		No scutage or aid is to be levied in Our realm except by the common counsel of Our realm, unless it is for the ransom of Our person, the knighting of Our eldest son or the first marriage of Our eldest daughter; and for these only a reasonable aid is to be levied.
		Interestingly, while requests for aids were reliably put to the Great Council (as it was called), requests for scutage were not until much later.
		This had its drawbacks for the king; the limited amount of time the knights and their men were available was the main reason for the rise of paid mercenary forces and the institution of scutage.
	www.myleftwing.com /showDiary.do?diaryId=9050 (2749 words)

	freedomforum.org: Part 4 Group Assignment Sheet
		He used scutage, or shield money (paid in lieu of military service), to hire foreign soldiers.
		Instead, he anticipated his countrymen would be less likely to rebel against him because they would lose their skills of battle.
		In 1214 all hope that King John I held of regaining French lands he had inherited were ended when he lost in battle to King Philip II at Bouvines.
	www.freedomforum.org /templates/document.asp?documentID=16018 (1905 words)

	KCT Glossary: "S"
		Scone, Stone of: The ancient Coronation chair of Scotland, taken from Scotland to London by Edward III, pledged by the British government to be returned in 1996.
		Scutage: Fee paid for a knight or man-at-arms to avoid military service specified in the terms under which they hold a fiefdom.
		Scutiferi: Latin for squire in the time of Edward I. Seeking adventures: A knightly sport undertaken by young bachelors where as errants they went out into the world seeking challenges and to earn renown by jousting, tourneying, fighting in wars, and by seeking in general to win fame by knightly deeds.
	www.chronique.com /Library/Glossaries/glossary-KCT/gloss_s.htm (2225 words)

	Featured Document: The Magna Carta
		John had suffered a staggering blow the previous year, having lost an important battle to King Philip II at Bouvines and with it all hope of regaining the French lands he had inherited.
		When the defeated John returned from the Continent, he attempted to rebuild his coffers by demanding scutage (a fee paid in lieu of military service) from the barons who had not joined his war with Philip.
		The barons in question, predominantly lords of northern estates, protested, condemning John's policies and insisting on a reconfirmation of Henry I's Coronation Oath (1100), which would, in theory, limit the king's ability to obtain funds.
	www.archives.gov /exhibits/featured_documents/magna_carta/legacy.html (1904 words)

	Feudal Lords: Right of Kings - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
		Normal scutage is taken out at the end of the revenues phase of turn processing.
		Penalty scutage for unswearing fealty is taken out of your beginning gold, before orders.
		Also, penalty scutage is calculated based on how many fiefs you have at the start of the turn, where normal scutage is based on how many you control at the end.
	www.rykerstudios.com /rightofkings/faq.htm (2603 words)

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