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	Scutum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Scutum (Latin for shield) is a small constellation, one of the 88 modern constellations.
		The original name Scutum Sobiescianum (Sobieski's Shield) was introduced in late 1683 by Hevelius as commemoration of the victory of the Christian forces led by Polish king and hero John III Sobieski in the battle of Vienna.
		With an area of 109 square degrees, Scutum is the fifth smallest of the 88 modern constellations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scutum (325 words)

	Shield - LoveToKnow 1911
		Varying in shape and form, it was the principal piece of defensive armour from the Bronze and Iron Age to the introduction of fire-arms, and is still borne by savage warriors throughout the world (see Arms And Armour, and for the heraldic shield Heraldry).
		In modern times the principle of the shield has been applied to guns of all calibres from 11 and 10 in.
		Whereas the turret, barbette, cupola and other heavy-armoured structures are intended to be proof against the heaviest projectiles, the shield is usually only designed to resist rifle and shrapnel bullets or very light shells.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Shield (188 words)

	Shield Guide
		Shields can be made out of many materials, rence like in the Marshes, thick layers of leather in the plains, wooden Torvaldslander shields, even metal shields are common in Gor as can be found in the books.
		This shield in the hand of a man in a fighters stance, with knees bent a bit to lower his center of gravity, this shield would also be covering up his left shoulder there for protection.
		The Roman Scutum style shield has both the hand grip behind the boss, but also a strap to go around the forearm as the left arm of the soldier goes downward along the back of the shield so that the back of his hand inserts into the hold in the shield at the grip.
	www.crimsonspear.com /shields.htm (1321 words)

	Romans in Britain - The Roman soldier's shield - Scutum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		On the left side of the soldier's body was his trusty shield (scutum) This was unusual in design since it was not flat, as was the case with shields used by Celtic tribes, but semi-circular.
		If the scutum was flat, a rock hitting the scutum would make a direct impact, which meant the soldier's arms would have to absord the power generated by the missile.
		It was this action, scutum, gladius, scutum, gladius that would disorientate the enemy and take their front warriors out of the battle.
	www.romans-in-britain.org.uk /mil_roman_soldier_shield.htm (509 words)

	SHIELD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The dimensions and curvature of Legio VI's shield, or scutum, seen at left, are copied closely from the one known example of a rectangular Roman scutum, uncovered at Dura Europus and dating from the mid-third century AD.
		Shields from other legions are acceptable for use, provided they are of similar dimensions (41”x 35”), and are repainted with the Legio VI logo.
		When not in use during battle, the scutum was generally kept in a leather cover to protect it from the elements.
	www.legionsix.org /shield.htm (591 words)

	Channel 4 - Weapons that made Britain - Shield
		In Britain, shields were certainly in regular use by the Iron Age (751 BC–AD 42), and their first co-ordinated and highly disciplined use by an army would have occurred during the Roman invasion of AD 43.
		In training, the Roman infantry used wicker shields that were twice as heavy as regulation issue, which prepared the soldiers for the tiring prolonged use of shields in battle.
		The Saxon shield wall that was developed subsequently involved rows of infantry interlocking their shields to create an instant barrier that, with rows in depth, could easily obstruct a cavalry charge.
	www.channel4.com /history/microsites/W/weapons/shield.html (302 words)

	Victori - The Roman Military \| Tools of War \| Armor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The armor of the Roman army around 160 BC was mainly comprised of a shield, the scutum, and body armor that varied depending on rank and position, consisting of a breastplate and one greave, on the left leg.
		The scutum was a curved oval shield made from two sheets of wood glued together and covered with canvas and leather, usually with a spindle shaped boss along the vertical length of the shield.
		The shields of the legionary had to be of regulation size, and a soldier could be severely reprimanded if his shield was too large.
	www.numbera.com /rome/tools/armor.aspx (946 words)

	Legio XX--Scutum
		WOOD CORE--The scutum was originally constructed of three layers of thin strips of wood (such as birch or oak), glued together at right angles to each other to form a curved piece of plywood 1/4" to 3/8" thick.
		In this case, there is a single round hole, and the handle has been cut from hardwood to match the curve of the shield, being made thicker in the middle (such as the handle on a bow).
		The newer "L" and "H" shields, denoting coverings of linen or hide, are much improved over their first attempts (though they seem to be inconsistent about the L, H, and W designations).
	www.larp.com /legioxx/scutum.html (3303 words)

	Scutum Constellation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Scutum, the Shield, is a minor constellation found just north of Milky Way in Sagittarius.
		Hevelius commemorated this event with the inclusion of Scutum Sobieskii in summer sky in 1690.
		M26 is a small open cluster bathed in the Small-Star Cloud of Scutum that is a bright and noticeable part of the summer's Milky Way.
	home.xtra.co.nz /hosts/Wingmakers/Scutum.html (514 words)

	Hawaiian Astronomical Society - Scutum
		Constellations: Scutum -- The Shield of a Polish King
		Scutum may reflect ultimate reality, but it is rooted in history.
		M11 sits on the northern border of the Scutum Star Cloud.
	www.hawastsoc.org /deepsky/sct (519 words)

	How to make a Late Roman shield
		But this shield is meant to be a first one, none too fancy and sturdy enough to survive a season's fighting or more seasons showing off.
		Stick two nails in the shield, take a string which is a little more than twice the lenght between them and draw an oval with a pencil, by putting the pencil on the inside of the string and then move it about.
		This is the formula: If H is half the height of the shield, W is half the width and N is half the distance between the two nails.
	www.fectio.org.uk /articles/makescutum.htm (1785 words)

	Peoria Astronomical Society - Learning Topics-Scutum (The Shield)
		Scutum, the Shield, is completely visible in latitudes South of 74 degrees North from June - August.
		Scutum was invented by Johannes Hevelius in 1690.
		Scutum was originally drawn as the Coat of Arms of Scutum (John) Sobieskii, king of Poland, who so distiguished himself in defending his land against the Turks when they marched on Vienna on September 12, 1683; the Turks were turned back at the gates of the city.
	www.astronomical.org /portal/modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=75 (203 words)

	Scutum
		Scutum was invented by the Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius, and was placed in his posthumous catalogue of 1690, the Prodromus Astronomiae, along with Canes Venatici, Lacerta, Leo Minor, Lynx, Sextans, and Vulpecula.
		Scutum is quite dim, with few Bayer stars.
		The cluster is one degree SE of delta Scuti.
	www.dibonsmith.com /sct_con.htm (601 words)

	Roman Scutum Shield
		shields are the most elaborate we've ever offered.
		(ancient shields were frequently made by glueing planks together).
		If you don't see the piece that you are looking for please email us at sales@reliks.com and we will be happy to send you a quote in a timely manner.
	www.reliks.com /merchant.ihtml?pid=2206 (74 words)

	Shields index
		The Scutum, or shield, was the main form of body protection of the Roman soldiers.
		The shields large size allowed the soldiers to form a 'tustudo' or shield wall that could protect them during an advance.
		The Praetorians used the oval shield early in their history is guarenteed by the tombstone from Aquileia.
	www.twilightarmory.com /shields.htm (424 words)

	The Armory - Roman “Scutum” Shield
		This shield is designed after the ones used by Roman foot soldiers.
		The Scutum, a rectangular shield, remains a distinctive piece of equipment that was used by the legionary throughout Roman history.
		This shield was used as early as 360 B.C. and was attributed to M. Furius Camillus, one of Rome’s greatest military leaders.
	www.armory.net /item.cfm/RecordId/AA856/SectionId/New (127 words)

	Roman Scutum Shield - Large Wooden Linen Covered
		The Praetorians used the oval shield early in their history as is guaranteed by the tombstone from Aquileia.
		By the end of the 2nd century, both public and private monuments show a return to the oval shield for both Legionaries and Praetorians, although a 3rd Century example of Dura Eoropos proves that the rectangular scutum did survive.
		Roman Thunderbolt Lightning Scutum (Wooden) The model displayed here is a wooden cut down model scutum, which was certainly in use by Augustus time; it retains the curved side from large Republican shields, with the top and bottom shorn off.
	www.aurorahistoryboutique.com /ahb.cfm?a=R000496 (342 words)

	NOVA ROMA ::: VIA ROMANA ::: CAMPUS MARTIVS ::: Scutum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		At the end is a summary of historical evidence for the scutum.
		Arrangement as shown (around the edges of the shield with one horizontal and one vertical brace in the middle), approximately 3" from the edges.
		From the few colored illustrations that survive, it seems that shields were often red.
	www.novaroma.org /via_romana/reenactments/scutum.html (1191 words)

	Legio XX Scutum Press
		They can be joined together with scrap lumber, or fixed to a plywood base, etc. Glue the 2 layers of the shield together with hide or wood glue and immediately place one edge in the notches of the press.
		Once the trimming and shimming are done, you're ready for business: spread glue on one layer of shield wood, slap the other layer on it, stick them in the press, close and latch it.
		Our first shields were made of 3/8" plywood, soaked in water for several hours and then placed under weights with props under the long edges.
	www.larp.com /legioxx/scupress.html (695 words)

	By the Sword, Inc. Roman Shields
		By the end of the 2nd century, both public and private monuments show a return to the oval shield for both Legionaries and Pretorians, although a 3rd Century example of Dura Eoropos proves that the rectangular scutum did survive.
		The model displayed here is a wooden cut down model scutum, which was certainly in use by Augustus time; it retains the curved side from large Republican shields, with the top and bottom shorn off.
		The Scutum was carried by Roman soldiers from 100 A.D. onward.
	www.by-the-sword.com /acatalog/Roman_Shields.html (645 words)

	TAGS Inc. Australia - Tick Identification (Australia)
		The long mouthparts of the females enable these ticks to be especially painful and annoying to domestic animals and humans.The anal groove is distinct and surrounds the anus anteriorly usually uniting in a point or arch.
		Scutum usually ornate, festoons well developed; males without adanal shields (but small plaques may be present on the venter near the festoons), accessory shields, and subanal shield > Amblyomma.
		Cervical grooves faint and not attaining posterior margin of scutum I.
	www.tickalert.org.au /identifi.htm (2823 words)

	AllaKhazam's Magical Realm - Your Everquest Community
		Shields that can't be placed in a different slot will be ditched as Khirsanth says.
		It is good to use a shield with fire and water pets so that stuns from bashing keep the mobs close to you.
		Without ever giving your pet a shield it will still bash in the same way that a lot of mobs bash without having any possibility of using a shield.
	everquest.allakhazam.com /db/item.html?item=7118 (681 words)

	Roman Army Talk :: View topic - Scutum Grip (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Any siginficant impact on the shield could well sprain or break the holder's wrist if the grip were vertical- because the wrist joint doesn't move laterally much at all, whereas a horizontal grip allows force would only cause the wrist to bend down, which is it's major range.
		The shield had to be carried during maneouvres in battle, and in more mundane duties, and the horizontal grip means this can be done without throwing away the cover of its larger vertical size.
		The shield just occupies the other hand and it's function is seperate from that of the sword, shields don't make the sword cut or thrust which is why the fact that Japanese warriors used shields or not is not the point.
	www.romanarmy.com /rat/viewtopic.php?t=4831 (4199 words)

	Tin soldier
		Short tunics, some breastplate armour, Italian style helmets, various styles of early scutum shield and javelins were their usual weapons.
		CODES 1-8 are suitable for Oscan infantry by using circular osier (wicker) shields in place of Samnite types (request if osier type wanted Etruscans and Samnites sometimes sometimes used the pilum heavy javelin in place of or in addition to the spear.
		Some hoplon shields are fitted with an apron to deflect or absorb the force of arrows etc. giving added protection to the body below the shield.
	www.essexminiatures.com.au /tin_soldier.htm (1912 words)

	Chapter Sculptile <i>to</i> Scutibranchiata of S by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)
		Shield money; commutation of service for a sum of money.
		The corpse lay in state, with all the pomp of scutcheons, wax lights, fl hangings, and mutes.
		A small plate of metal, as the shield around a keyhole.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1210/24012/5.html (244 words)

	Scutum Shield w/Embossed Wings - Historical Shields (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		These new Roman shields are the most elaborate we've ever offered.
		Shield of Richard the Lionheart - painted
		Shield of Richard the Lionheart - non-painted
	www.swordsofhonor.com /scwwi.html (235 words)

	Historic Toys - Tymeagain Wooden Toys and Games -
		After the celebration the shield was sent to the bottom of a sacred lake or burned in a fire - a gift to the gods giving thanks that their tribe's magic had been greater than their foes.
		The Romans also took shields as trophies for their gods, laying them at the feet of bound prisoners to be sent to be paraded in triumph in Rome.
		The kit shield was developed with its taper that meant it could be held close to the body, covering nearly all the left side.
	historictoys.co.uk /products.asp?...+and+Shield+History+Projects (7296 words)

	Constellation Scutum
		Scutum was invented by the Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius, who put the consellation in his catalogue of 1690.
		The proper name is Scutum Sobieskii, Sobieski's Shield.
		Seven years later, Hevelius commemorated these events with the inclusion of Scutum Sobieskii in the heavens.
	www.coldwater.k12.mi.us /lms/planetarium/myth/scutum.html (209 words)

	Full Suits of Armour
		Many poorer soldiers and men-at-arms could not afford the elaborate equipment of their knightly counterparts, so they fought in much diminished gear.
		By this time, they had adopted the surcoat, to display their heraldric coats-of-arms, and to keep them cool in the heat of the Palestinian sun.
		This armour was a hybrid of mail and plate, developed to counter the effects of the ever-increasing use of the bow, and the devastating effects of the new polearms used by Swiss mercenaries.
	www.medievalrepro.com /Armour.htm (556 words)

	Swords and Armor : Cavaliers Scutum Roman Shield [ARM1024-7D] - $257.00
		Roman shields were assigned to every Roman soldier just as swords and their uniforms were.
		To meet the unique needs of the Cavaliers, the Romans incorporated an oval design which allowed the shield to function better and be distinguishable in battle.
		Based upon original designs used centuries ago, these Roman shields are constructed from wood with a brass trim.
	realarmorofgod.com /shop/product_info.php/cPath/35_95/products_id/429 (160 words)

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