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	AllRefer.com - sea level (Geology And Oceanography) - Encyclopedia
		sea level, the level of the sea, which serves as the datum used for measurement of land elevations and ocean depths.
		Theoretically, one would expect sea level to be a fixed and permanent horizontal surface on the face of the earth, and as a starting approximation, this is true.
		Sea level therefore fluctuates in periods ranging from seconds to a year as a result of these factors.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/sealevel.html (572 words)

	Encyclopedia: Sea level
		The melting of glaciers at the end of ice ages is an example of eustatic sea level rise.
		The subsidence of land due to the withdrawal of groundwater is an isostatic cause of relative sea level rise.
		During the most recent ice age (at its maximum about 20,000 years ago) the world's sea level was about 320 feet lower than today, due to the large amount of sea water that had evaporated and been deposited as snow and ice in northern hemisphere glaciers.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Sea-level (1565 words)

	Atmospheric pressure - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This "standard pressure" is a purely arbitrary representative value for pressure at sea level, and real atmospheric pressures vary from place to place and moment to moment everywhere in the world.
		Mean sea level pressure (MSLP or SLP) is the pressure at sea level or (when measured at a given height on land) the station pressure reduced to sea level by an appropriate altitude dependant formula.
		Atmospheric pressure is often measured with a mercury barometer, and a height of approximately 30 inches of mercury is often used to teach, make visible, and illustrate (and measure) atmospheric pressure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Atmospheric_pressure (991 words)

	Air Pressure
		The lowest sea level air pressure ever recorded was 870 mb (25.69 in.) in the eye of Typhoon (Tip) over the Pacific Ocean, whereas the highest sea level air pressure ever recorded was 1084 mb (32.01 in.) at Siberia associated with an extremely cold air mass.
		In fact, the same pressure change observed in the lowest 30 m (98 ft) of the troposphere may not be equaled over a horizontal distance of 200 km (124 mile) at sea level.
		The average air pressure at sea level supports the mercury column in the tube to a height of 760 mm.
	www.research.umbc.edu /~tokay/chapter5.html (1260 words)

	Sea Level Pressure:
		The solid white contours represent pressure contours (isobars) in millibars.
		The closer they are together, the stronger the pressure gradient, and the stronger the wind.
		Low pressure systems are located in the regions of the lowest pressure, while high pressure systems are located in the regions of highest pressure.
	ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu /(Gh)/guides/maps/sfc/slp/sfcslp.rxml (120 words)

	Sea level
		To an operator of a tide gauge, MSL means the 'still water level' - the level of the sea with motions such as wind waves averaged out - averaged over a period of time such that changes in sea level - e.g.
		Mean sea level at the Pacific end of the Panama Canal stands 20cm higher than at the Atlantic end.
		In the UK, mean sea level is defined at Newquay in the county of Cornwall.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/se/sea_level.html (466 words)

	Sea Level Pressure
		Monthly maximum, minimum, and mean sea level pressure data for the period 1971 - 2000 are available for 21 locations across Alaska.
		Atmospheric pressure - a force per unit area exerted by the atmosphere in a column of air lying directly above the location in question.
		Sea level pressure - the atmospheric pressure at mean sea level either measured directly or extrapolated from an observed station pressure.
	climate.gi.alaska.edu /Climate/Pressure (78 words)

	Lab2_no-1-maps
		Sea level pressure (SLP) is the station pressure "reduced" to sea level.
		The reason sea level pressure is used in the weather analysis is so we have a standard so we can actually find the moving pressure systems.
		SLP is found as a 3-digit code in the upper right hand corner of the station model.
	www.borg.com /~glenn/umuc/171/lab02/Lab2_no-1-maps.htm (1247 words)

	Sea Level Pressure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The pressure measured at each weather station is adjusted to the corresponding temperature at sea level in order to monitor properly horizontal changes in pressure.
		Using this temperature profile, the conversion to sea level pressure is calculated by increasing the station pressure by 10 millibars for every 100 m of elevation.
		Therefore, the approximate equation to "reduce" the measured pressure at a station to sea level is
	www.cimms.ou.edu /~cortinas/1014/l23_3.html (128 words)

	Top Story - ATMOSPHERIC WAVE LINKED TO SEA ICE FLOW NEAR GREENLAND, STUDY FINDS - August 28, 2002
		High pressure or anti-cyclonic circulation is depicted in yellows and oranges where atmospheric pressure is as high, or higher than 1032 millibars, or 30.48 inches of mercury.
		Low pressure or cyclonic circulation is depicted in blues and purples where atmospheric pressure is as low, or lower than 1004 millibars, or 29.65 inches of mercury.
		Because a center of low pressure is situated to the east of the Strait during the Eastward mode, more sea ice is forced through the Strait by the southerly winds associated with this low.
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /topstory/20020807seaice.html (1129 words)

	Atmospheric pressure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Air masses are affected by the general atmospheric pressure within the mass, creating areas of high and low pressure.
		Thus, many swimmers wear ear plugs to avoid barotrauma from water pressure transiently (surge at impact) in the one atmosphere range, where there is little or no time to equalize the ears as can be done when scuba diving.
		In terms of city water pressure, one atmosphere is approximately one half to one quarter the pressure of typical city water mains (i.e.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/A/Atmospheric-pressure.htm (1049 words)

	Sea-level Barometric Pressure Correction
		Because the air pressure decreases as you rise in altitude, the sea-level corrected pressure (the pressure your location would be at if located at sea-level) is generally higher than your measured pressure.
		Thus, your pressure may read 28.62 inHg (969 mb) at an altitude of 1000 feet (305 m), but the corrected pressure is 30.00 inHg (1016 mb).
		Pressure conditions greater than 29.92 inHg (1013 mb) are considered high pressure and less than are considered low pressure.
	www.ambientweather.com /sebaprco.html (137 words)

	Mean Sea level Pressure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Standardizing pressure to sea level is important because the surface pressure isn’t the same over the entire surface of the Earth (mountains and valleys.) Denver’s surface is a “Mile High” above sea level, giving an average surface pressure of 840 millibars.
		Cape Hatteras is at sea level giving it an average surface pressure of 1013 millibars.
		Otherwise, we might be fooled into thinking that a massive storm system shown by extremely low pressure is always over the Denver area, when in fact the pressure is naturally low because of its elevation.
	cws.met.psu.edu /members/mslp2.html (103 words)

	Scientists find more keys to the North Pacific Ocean's climate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Using satellite and other data, scientists have discovered that sea surface temperatures and sea level pressure in the North Pacific have undergone unusual changes over the last five years.
		According to Bond, the unusual levels of pressure and temperature seen in the last five years are a departure from the pattern seen in the PDO, which represented the principal mode of long-term climate variability in the North Pacific for the 20th century.
		Sea level pressure is the weight of the air pressing down at sea level, and is on average 14.7 pounds per square inch.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-03/nsfc-sfm030904.php (687 words)

	EO News: Scientists Find More Keys to the North Pacific Ocean’s Climate - March 9, 2004
		According to Bond, the unusual levels of pressure and temperature seen in the last five years are a departure from the pattern seen in the PDO, which represented the principal mode of long-term climate variability in the North Pacific for the 20
		Depicted are averages of sea level pressures (left) and sea surface temperatures (right) during the winters of 1999-2002.
		In the left image, the North Pacific Ocean was subject to unusually low sea level pressure (blue) in the Bering Sea and anomalously high sea level pressure north of Hawaii (yellow/red).
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Newsroom/NasaNews/2004/2004030916634.html (945 words)

	Lab #2 for METR 402: Introductory Atmospheric and Oceanic Dynamics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Strategies for "reducing" observed surface to sea level start with the hydrostatic equation and the ideal gas law to derive a variation of the thickness equation.
		The procedure used by the National Weather Service to calculate sea-level pressure is generally similar but unlike altimeter setting it employs observed surface temperatures and adjusts the profile and/or the reduced sea-level pressure using local station climatology (so the details of the procedure differs from station to station).
		The profile is specified uniquely by requiring that at the altitude where the pressure equals the standard sea-level pressure (1013.25 mb), the temperature must equal the standard sea-level temperature (15°C or 288.16 K).
	squall.sfsu.edu /courses/metr402/labs/lab.2.html (831 words)

	An Informed Guide to Climate Data Sets: NCAR Sea Level Pressure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Plotted data included winds, clouds, current and past weather etc., and so it resulted in much more than just a map of sea level pressure but it was a summary of all the weather, especially fronts, on a single map.
		While sea level pressure, in contrast to precipitation or temperature, is a fairly robust atmospheric parameter (e.g., it is not sensitive to changes in station site), caution should be used, especially when estimating small signals relative to interannual variations, such as trends.
		Trenberth, K.E., and D.A. Paolino 1981: Characteristic Patterns of Variability of Sea Level Pressure in the Northern Hemisphere.
	www.cgd.ucar.edu /cas/guide/Data/trenpaol.html (1312 words)

	Decadal and Multidecadal Variability in Atlantic SST and Sea Level Pressure
		The strength and position of these pressure systems determine the strength of the seasonal mean westerlies over the ocean, and the frequency and path of midlatitude synoptic storms.
		The state of the NAO is generally monitored by subtracting the normalized monthly averaged sea level pressure in an Iceland land station such as Reykjavik, from that of a subtropical station such as Ponta Delgada in the Azores.
		Bold contours are for SLP (contour interal of 0.2 mb) and thin contours are for SST (contour interval 0.05°C, zero contour omitted).
	www.aoml.noaa.gov /phod/acvp/kushnir.htm (1552 words)

	Average Sea Level Pressure % Changes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		These graphs show changes in average summer sea level pressure from one 25-year epoch to the next, for four epochs of CSM transient model output from 1874-1973.
		This output is from a full-forcings (solar irradiance, volcanic aerosols, tropospheric sulfates, and greenhouse gasses) integration over the instrumental period (1870-1999), which is a pilot run for a sequence of experiments designed to extend transient runs with full forcings over the 500-year period 1600-2100.
		The reduction in average pressure over the interior North American Southwest in the second panel is concurrent with increased average summer precipitation in the eastern Southwest over the same time periods (not shown), suggesting that an enhanced monsoon circulation is playing a role in the precipitation change.
	www.esig.ucar.edu /asr02/asp.htm (118 words)

	P1 - Sea-level, bottom pressure and space geodesy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Test and apply new oceanographic and geodetic methods to sea and land level changes.
		Determine the extent to which climate and geodynamic models of sea level changes agree with measurements.
		Determine the extent to which variability and extremes in sealevel and waves on time-scales from hours to centuries will be affected by climate change.
	www.pol.ac.uk /home/research/p1-tides.html (114 words)

	Vertical Profile of pressure in the atmosphere - sea-level pressure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		in size extending from sea level to the top of the atmosphere.
		Hence, the pressure at sea level is = force/area = 14.7 lbs/inch
		Which exerts more pressure, a 4000 lb elephant standing on one leg with a foot size of 8" x 8" or a 120 lb woman standing on one leg in high-healed shoes with a heal size of 1"x1"?
	apollo.lsc.vsc.edu /classes/met130/notes/chapter1/vert_pres2.html (114 words)

	SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE
		Station pressure is calculated to the nearest 0.005
		Sea-level pressure is a theoretical pressure at the
		station if the station were actually at sea level.
	www.tpub.com /content/aerographer/14269/css/14269_51.htm (450 words)

	ES&T Online News: Humans influence sea-level pressure
		The results provide the first evidence of human influence on climate that is independent of temperature change measurements and suggest that current climate models underestimate the impacts of climate change, particularly on European climate.
		Decreases in sea-level pressure were observed over the Arctic, Antarctic, and North Pacific Ocean, whereas increases were observed over the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean, southern Europe, and North Africa.
		Using the new approach, the observed pattern of sea-level pressure trends was similar to that predicted by the four models; however, the results suggest that current climate models substantially underpredict this sea-level pressure response.
	pubs.acs.org /subscribe/journals/esthag-w/2003/apr/science/lk_pressure.html (281 words)

	Convert sea-level pressure to station pressure. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In the U.S., atmospheric pressure is always reported in inches of mercury (Hg), corrected to standard conditions at sea level.
		If you do not have access to a barometer that has been calibrated at sea level and NOT corrected for your site elevation, you can use this JavaScript applet to give you a good approximation of station pressure at your site based on reported atmospheric pressure and your site elevation in METERS.
		If you enter the "weather report" pressure in inches of mercury (in the range 29-31), the applet will convert this value to mb for you.
	www.mcs.drexel.edu /~dbrooks/globe/pressure.html (142 words)

	Reanalysis Plotter - Mean Sea-Level Pressure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Mean sea-level pressure is derived from the standard surface pressure reduction for surface observations, employed by the National Weather Service:
		The mean temperature from the surface to sea level is calculated using the 12 hour averaged surface temperature, and an assumed lapse rate of 6.5 K/1000m.
		Note that there is no plateau correction and that in practice, a pressure reduction value is used by the National Weather Service.
	weather.ou.edu /~cgodfrey/reanalysis/mslp.html (156 words)

	Trenberth Northern Hemisphere Sea-Level Pressure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The dataset is updated monthly and an updated version of this data set can be obtained at the NCAR data WWW archive.
		The Arctic Oscillation (AO) is depicted in a correlation map of January-February-March SLP anomalies and AO values for 1931-65 and 1966-2000, respectively.
		The AO is the tendency for SLP anomalies near the pole to be of opposite sign to those in the latitudes near 45N.
	www.jisao.washington.edu /data/slp_ncar (391 words)

	Europe Monthly Sea Level Pressure and Standardized Anomaly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Data: NCEP reanalysis monthly mean sea level pressure on a 2.5 x 2.5 deg.
		These plots indicate the observed field and anomaly in sea level pressure.
		The standardized anomaly plots are constructed by dividing by the standard deviation for the base period 1971-2000.
	ingrid.ldgo.columbia.edu /maproom/.Regional/.Europe/.Atm_Circulation/Sea_Level_Pres.html (63 words)

	Assignment #2, on Midlatitude Weather Patterns for METR 302: The Violent Atmosphere and Oceans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The accompanying weather map (Figure 0) shows sea-level pressure reports at 18Z Feb 23 2000.
		(These are standard choices for drawing isobars of sea-level pressure on almost all surface weather maps.) A spare copy of Figure 0 is provided so you can mess up your first attempt and still turn in a clean version.
		Or is there some other way in which the pressure pattern seems to "organize" the temperature and/or dew-point temperature patterns, as you understand the text's meaning of the idea and that you can support reasonably convincingly by referring to the patterns shown on these maps?
	squall.sfsu.edu /courses/metr302/handouts/assgn_2_isobars.html (415 words)

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