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Topic: Sea nettle

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Nettle

Scyphozoa

Jellyfish

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Salinity

Cnidaria

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Biological life cycle

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Jellyfish (band)

Cassiopea

	Sea nettle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The stinging sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) is a species of jellyfish occurring particularly in Atlantic estuaries.
		It is a bell-shaped invertebrate, usually semi-transparent and with small, white dots and reddish-brown stripes; Sea nettles without stripes have a bell that appears white or opaque.
		The sea nettle is symmetrical, marine, and carnivorous.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sea_nettle (335 words)

	sea nettle - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Sea nettles are classified in the phylum Cnidaria, class Scyphoza.
		Sea nettles were here long before we were, and no matter what we do, they'll be here long after we are gone
		A Brown Sea Nettle jellyfish is displayed in a tank at the Melbourne...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-seanettl.html (212 words)

	Sea Kayak - Sea nettles and Jelly Fish
		Sea Nettles, Chrysaora quinquecirrha, are a type of jellyfish found in the brackish regions of the Chesapeake Bay.
		A sea slug that ate sea nettle polyps could not survive the fresh water environment that the polyps prefer.
		Sea Nettles are weak swimmers, moving slowly up and down through the water column by pulsing their umbrella.
	www.seakayak.ws /kayak/kayak.nsf/NavigationList/NT00010632 (951 words)

	Shedd Aquarium
		Swimming by means of jet propulsion by squeezing their bell, sea nettles push water behind them so they can move up and down in the ocean.
		The nettle develops a bell, arms and tentacles until it is a fully formed medusa or adult.
		Corals and anemones are the closest relatives of sea nettles.
	www.sheddaquarium.org /sea/fact_sheets.cfm?id=78 (1239 words)

	JELLYFISH IN CHESAPEAKE BAY AND NEARBY WATERS
		Sea nettles are made up mostly of water and salts, with organic materials totalling only about 0.2k of their entire live weight.
		We have found that sea nettles eat at most 5% of the copepods daily in mid Chesapeake Bay, which is small compared with the growth rate of the copepod population.
		We have done experiments to measure the numbers of sea nettles produced by polyps, and the survival and growth of the baby jellyfish at varlous comblnatlons of salinity, temperature, and food concentrations.
	www.intercom.net /local/shore_journal/jp010716.html (1834 words)

	Jellyfish
		Once sea nettles have spread throughout the tributaries and into the Bay, swimming generally slows considerably or ceases for the remainder of the season.
		The bell of the sea nettle is milky white frequently with deep red radiating bands.
		Nettles are 95% water and do not constitute a highly nutritious meal for the animals feeding upon them.
	www.chesapeakebay.net /jellyfish.htm (933 words)

	jellyfish.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The sea nettle peaks in the summer months, when recreational use of the Bay is at its highest.
		The sting of a sea nettle jellyfish is quite painful, whose sting can range from a mild skin irritation to shock and convulsions for those allergic to its sting.
		Sea nettles are mostly found in the warmer and saltier parts of the Bay and cannot survive in waters with a salinity less than 5 parts per thousand.
	www.american.edu /edtech/gaston/jellyfish.html (220 words)

	Nettle - Herbal Index - herbindex.net
		Sea nettle (Chtysaora quinquecirrha) which is a jellyfish.
		Nettles are the exclusive larval food plant for several species of butterfly and are also eaten by the larvae of some moths including Angle Shades, Buff Ermine, Dot Moth, The Flame, The Gothic, Grey Chi, Grey Pug, Lesser Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing, Mouse Moth, Setaceous Hebrew Character and Small Angle Shades.
		Nettle is believed to be a galactagogue and a clinical trial has shown that the juice is diuretic in patients with congestive heart failure.
	www.herbindex.net /nettle.html (706 words)

	The Barnegat Bay National Estuary Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Prior to 2000, sea nettles were not present in the coastal bays in elevated numbers.
		Research scientists at the University of Maryland, who have studied sea nettle problems in Chesapeake Bay, indicate that the jellyfish blooms are coupled to elevated nutrient levels associated with fertilizer runoff and other watershed waste inputs.
		Sea nettles thrive at temperatures above 77 ºF, and the warmer summer temperatures during the past two decades have probably fostered this expansion.
	www.bbep.org /jellyfish.htm (841 words)

	Maryland Marine Notes: July-August 1994 Side Bar - Neither Jelly nor Fish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The tentacles of the sea nettle contain millions of microscopic stinging cells called nematocysts that inject toxins to capture and paralyze prey as well as to defend the jellyfish from would-be predators.
		The sea nettle is unusual in its ability to live in low salinity water.
		Researchers found a small species of sea slug that ate polyps, but culture methods to produce large numbers of the sea slugs were unsuccessful and they also did not live well at the low salinities favored by the polyps.
	www.mdsg.umd.edu /MarineNotes/Jul-Aug94/side1.html (633 words)

	Sea Nettles
		East Coast sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha), found within the Chesapeake Bay, may actually help the local oyster population by eating an oyster predator, another gelatinous animal called the comb jelly.
		Although sea nettles live in the Chesapeake Bay year-round, when conditions are right, just as they are this summer, they can find their way far up the Bay.
		Sea nettles thrive on warm water with an intermediate salinity (13 to 19 parts of salt per thousand parts of water).
	wrc.iewatershed.com /index.php?pagename=news_020724 (712 words)

	Bay Weekly: This Week's Top Story
		The sea nettles in the Chesapeake are such a pestilence, in fact, that they are one of three species studied by the International Consortium of Jellyfish Stings.
		In a high-nettle year, sea nettle predation reduces the population of comb jellies in the middle Bay almost to zero.
		Nettles have taken to bell (they have no heart) the Biblical injunction to be fruitful and multiply, for they reproduce in two separate life stages and in two different ways.
	www.bayweekly.com /year02/issueX25/leadX25.html (3382 words)

	Journal of Aquariculture & Aquatic Sciences Article
		The sea nettles were collected, one at a time, in a hand-held dip net.
		These animals became quite adept at avoiding the tentacles of the sea nettles and helped consume food that was rejected or dropped by the sea nettles.
		In summary, the sea nettle jelly fish (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) was maintained for ninety days in standard laboratory aquaria and fed a diet of prepared foods.
	www.petsforum.com /cis-fishnet/JAAS/D073.htm (711 words)

	Sunfish family
		Although this fish, normally of tropical seas, reaches a weight of over 2,000 pounds, it is a weak swimmer and leads a planktonic existence, being transported from place to place by ocean currents.
		They are alike in general characteristics except that the sharptail mola, a rare form not seen as commonly as the headfish, has a pointed tail with large dark brown spots on it.
		Although there are many accounts of the ocean sunfish lolling at the sea surface, it is now believed that this sluggish behavior is more typical of stunned or dying individuals.
	www.rsmas.miami.edu /support/lib/seas/seasQA/QAs/s/sunfish.html (2008 words)

	Chrysaora fuscescens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Sea nettles are common visitors to California and Oregon nearshore waters, and may be found from Mexico to British Columbia.
		The East Coast is also blessed with its version of the sea nettle that has a troublesome reputation.
		Sea nettles have proven to be very popular for display at public aquariums.
	jellieszone.com /chrysaora.htm (262 words)

	Clean Ocean Action: Coastal Creature Feature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The sea nettle is typically bell-shaped and pale white, sometimes ribbed with reddish markings that resemble numerous wheels pulsating along the surface; long thin tentacles edge the bell.
		The sea nettle spends most of its life cycle attached to the underside of oyster shells and other hard surfaces in coastal areas.
		The sea nettle is familiar to both fishermen and swimmers because of its abundance in the summer and its sting.
	www.cleanoceanaction.org /index.php?id=262 (225 words)

	Current Exhibitions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Yet, sea jellies - or as they are more commonly known, "jellyfish" - have flourished in the world's oceans for 650 million years without brains or hearts.
		Depending on the species, a sea jelly may have up to 800 of the tentacles that bear the stinging nematocysts that can injure or immobilize prey.
		Of the estimated 200 species of sea jellies, approximately 70 are known to sting humans, with varying degrees of severity.
	www.aquariumofpacific.org /CURRENT_EXHIBIT/JELLIES/jellies.htm (244 words)

	Sea Turtle Restoration Project: News Room
		It was feeding on a stinging jellyfish of the genus Chrysaora, known commonly as a sea nettle
		It is the largest sea turtle: a male leatherback found on the coast of Wales was 9-1/2 feet long and weighed almost 2,000 pounds.
		Coincidentally, the Sea Turtle Restoration Project (http://www.seaturtles.org) was premiering its new documentary “Last Journey for the Leatherback” on August 31, 2004 in conjunction with the California Academy of Sciences.
	www.seaturtles.org /press_release2.cfm?pressID=218 (532 words)

	Nettle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nettle is the common name for any of between 30-45 species of flowering plants of the genus Urtica in the family Urticaceae, with a cosmopolitan though mainly temperate distribution.
		Nettle is used in hair shampoos to control dandruff, and is said to make hair more glossy, which is why some farmers include a handful of nettles with cattle feed.
		The traditional remedy for nettle stings is rubbing with the crushed leaf of the dock plant, Rumex obtusifolius, which often grows beside nettles in the wild and has a milky substance which can cause dermatitis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nettle (1158 words)

	Recruitment Potential of Sea Nettle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The nuisance 'sea nettle' jellyfish, Chrysaora quinquecirrha, has dramatically increased in seasonality, range and numbers around the coastal and estuarine waters of Alabama since 1991.
		One possible contributing factor to this sudden change may be increased availability of habitat for the benthic polyp stage of the species; and, the availability may be in the form of naturally occurring or artificially planted oyster shell designed to enhance oyster recruitment.
		Given that regular summertime sea nettle infestations are a threat to Alabama's >$1 billion fishing and tourism industries, we propose a modest 14 month study to begin studying how human-related activities may be changing the Mobile Bay estuarine ecosystem structure and function.
	www.southalabama.edu /aces/gra2abs.html (201 words)

	Chrysaora achlyos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The fl sea nettle can be quite massive, with a bell diameter potentially up to 1 meter and oral arms extending to 5 or 6 meters.
		Black sea nettles are occasionally seen in large numbers in surface waters off the coast of Baja California and southern California.
		Published accounts have described the northern range of the fl sea nettle extending to southern California, but a large individual was seen in Carmel Bay (near the Monterey Peninsula) in September 2001.
	jellieszone.com /chrysaora_achlyos.htm (272 words)

	Safe Sea® jellyfish sting lotion
		Jellyfish and sea lice are a common problem at many cruise and dive destinations in the Caribbean and around the world.
		Sea Lice - Swimming along Florida's Atlantic coastline or in the Carribean between March and September exposes you to a 1 in 4 risk of being stung by sea lice.
		Sea Nettle - Research shows that over 500,000 people are stung by sea nettle in Chesapeake Bay alone each year.
	www.buysafesea.com /jellyfish_sting_lotion.php (213 words)

	Jellyfish
		The sea nettle is an opportunistic feeder, eating other jellyfish, fishes and microscopic animals.
		It is eaten by sea turtles and ocean sunfish.
		This stinging nettle is common in the Chesapeake from mid-summer through fall.
	marina.fortunecity.com /seaview/358/jellyfish3.html (532 words)

	Monterey Bay Aquarium: Online Field Guide - Black Sea Nettle
		Giant fl sea nettles appeared in droves along the San Diego shoreline in the summer of 1989.
		Increased numbers of sea nettles may be an indication that human activities have changed the condition of the ocean.
		The fl sea nettle is a mysterious creature; during most years its whereabouts are unknown.
	www.mbayaq.org /efc/living_species/print.asp?inhab=446 (251 words)

	Seanettles
		Sea nettles, Chrysaora quinquecirrha, seasonally infest the Chesapeake Bay and affect many activities on the Bay.
		Maps of probable sea nettle presence are created by identifying locations where the current environmental conditions are favorable to sea nettles.
		Funding for this project was provided by the NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing Program, the NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research EcoForecasting Program and Maryland SeaGrant.
	coastwatch.noaa.gov /seanettles (185 words)

	Construction
		The 1/16" mesh is small enough to totally bar the stinging sea nettles, but open enough to allow water to move freely through it without acting like a sail or parachute.
		It is rugged enough to resist years of wear and tear.
		The netting is also highly resistant to nettle tentacles sticking to it - something you will appreciate very much during retrieval and storage.
	www.nettle-net.com /construction.htm (264 words)

	sea nettle definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		sea nettle definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		Search for "sea nettle" in all of MSN Encarta
		Native to: Atlantic estuaries from Cape Cod to the Caribbean.
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_1861710176/sea_nettle.html (73 words)

	Monterey Bay Aquarium: Online Field Guide
		Not all jellies sting, but the sea nettle does.
		There is mounting evidence that human influences in coastal habitats may be creating conditions more favorable to jellies, leading to an increased frequency of blooms and reduced populations of larval fishes.
		The high abundance of sea nettles makes scientists believe they play a significant role in the planktonic food chain.
	www.mbayaq.org /efc/living_species/default.asp?hOri=1&inhab=119 (239 words)

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