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Topic: Sea Otter

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	Oceanlink \| Ocean Info
		The typical haunts of the sea otter are characterized by precipitous rocky shores, barrier reefs, tidewater stones, and dense kelp forests.
		When resting, sea otters often lie on their backs among kelp or in quiet water; the most common position is with the head up, and with folded paws and chin resting on the chest.
		In sea otters, mating is always aquatic and often involves violent and prolonged copulations during which the male approaches the female from behind and grasps her face and nose with his teeth, sometimes pulling her head underwater while attempting to subdue her.
	oceanlink.island.net /oinfo/otterpage/otter.html (2684 words)

	OCAQ Exhibits - Sea Otters
		Sea otters range from 50 to 100 pounds and have a luxuriant pelt averaging one million hairs per square inch—more in one inch than exists on an entire human head.
		Hunter, a male southern sea otter that was rehabilitated at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
		Judge is a male sea otter that was found abandoned as a tiny pup on the central coast of California.
	www.aquarium.org /exhibitsSeaOtters.asp?sid=2 (1024 words)

	Arctic Studies Center
		Sea Otters are playful animals that spend almost all their time in the sea.
		Sea otters are one of the few mammals, beside humans, that use tools.
		Sea otters also faced great dangers from hunters who wanted their valuable coats.
	www.mnh.si.edu /arctic/html/sea_otter.html (519 words)

	Sea Otter
		Stories are told of how sea otters nuzzled hunters who were about to club them to death, and of others who on seeing hunters' guns trained on them, turned their backs and covered their eyes with their forepaws.
		Sea otters regularly dive to depths of 100 feet in search of food and stay under for 30-40 seconds, although they are capable of diving up to 300 feet, and of holding their breath for up to five minutes in an emergency.
		Sea otters have to eat one-quarter of their own body weight (up to 25lbs) per day in food to survive.
	www.yptenc.org.uk /docs/factsheets/animal_facts/sea_otter.html (965 words)

	Sea Otters
		Sea otter pups are typically born in the water.
		Sea otters have a small, round head, closeable nostrils, ears with flaps, and small eyes that are good for seeing in and out of the water.
		Sea otters have the thickest fur of all mammals.
	library.thinkquest.org /CR0215242/sea_otters.htm (1209 words)

	sea-otter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Sea otters are members of the weasel family, with large eyes and thick, dark brown fur.
		Sea otters are a keystone species in the kelp forest ecosystem, eating sea urchins, clams, snails, sea stars, squid, octopuses and abalone.
		Sea otters have been called the "old men of the sea" by sailors and fishermen because of their white whiskers and expressive faces.
	www.biologicaldiversity.org /swcbd/species/otter/index.html (1292 words)

	Alaska Stock Images - Sea Otter Photos
		What led to the popularity of the sea otter is its rich, luxurious fur which consists of a dense underfur of inch long fibers and a second lay of protective “guard hairs.” The guard hairs can vary in color from brown to a silver-like color.
		The sea otter is actually a part of the weasel family of which the river otter and mink also belong.
		Sea Otter Rescue: The Aftermath of an Oil Spill - When the Exxon Valdez struck the rocks in Prince William Sound, Alaska, nearly 11 million gallons of crude oil spilled into the water.
	www.alaskastock.com /Sea_Otter_Photos.asp (965 words)

	AquaFacts
		The B.C. sea otter population was downlisted to threatened in 1996 by the Committee of the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada and through the B.C. Wildlife Act.
		Sea otters have one of the thickest fur coats in the animal kingdom.
		"Milo" is one of the Northern sea otters at the Aquarium.
	www.vanaqua.org /education/aquafacts/seaotters.html (1320 words)

	Southern Sea Otter - The Green Gate from NRDC
		Southern sea otters are native to San Francisco Bay, and were plentiful here until they were hunted nearly out of existence more than a century ago.
		Because the sea otter is a "keystone species," occupying a spot near the top of the food chain, the health of the sea otter population is an important indicator of the overall health of the Bay Area ecosystem.
		NRDC researchers gathered data from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on the numbers and general health of the southern sea otter population (the southern sea otter is one of three sea otter subspecies; it is found only off the California coast).
	www.nrdc.org /greengate/wildlife/otterf.asp (282 words)

	River Otter: Wildlife Notebook Series - Alaska Department of Fish and Game (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The river (or land) otter is found throughout Alaska with the exception of the Aleutian Islands, the offshore islands of the Bering Sea, and the area adjacent to the arctic coast east of Point Lay.
		Otter fur consists of a very dense undercoat overlaid with longer guard hairs, which are usually removed by furriers.
		Otters travel together and operate as a social unit but do not cooperate in hunting or share what is caught.
	www.adfg.state.ak.us /pubs/notebook/furbear/rvrotter.php (1132 words)

	Sea Otter
		Before intense hunting the sea otter spent part of its life on land, but that behavior was changed so that it rarely is seen ashore, a case where humans altered the behavior of an animal in a drastic way.
		The river otter’s range is widespread (over the interior of North America, for example) and the sea otter’s range is restricted to rocky shores with kelp beds from the Aleutians to northern California.
		Sea otter are also tool-using animals, and you can watch them as they swim with a stone on their stomachs, which they use to crack abalone shells.
	www.bell.lib.umn.edu /Products/SeaOtter.html (1485 words)

	OTTERNET.COM Species Profiles- Sea Otter
		Sea Otters are unique marine mammals in that they use tools such as rocks to open their prey such as the shells of abalone.
		Sea Otters are the heaviest of all the otters, and with the males weighing up to 45 kg that is not hard to believe.
		Sea otters are social, and tend to congregate in groups of gender, with pups and females in a group and males in another group.
	www.otternet.com /species/seaotter.htm (4099 words)

	Sea Otter - The Sea Otters of British Columbia, Canada. Sea Otters in BC
		Description - Thsea otter is a weasel-like creature that has a long, thick tail with dense, dark brown to blond fur, the fur on the head is paler.
		Their dense fur of the sea otter has up to 100 000 hairs per square centimetre which traps tiny air bubbles in it which repels moisture and keeps them warm.
		The sea otter population was nearly decimated by the fur trade and they now are a protected and endangered species.
	www.bcadventure.com /adventure/wilderness/animals/seaotter.htm (202 words)

	Sea Otter: Wildlife Notebook Series - Alaska Department of Fish and Game (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		General description: Sea otters are members of the weasel family (Mustelidae) and are related to mink and river otters.
		The search for food is one of the most important daily activities of sea otters, as large amounts are required to sustain the animal in healthy condition.
		Thus, while sea otters are flourishing in Alaska's waters, it is clear that they are susceptible to human activities.
	www.adfg.state.ak.us /pubs/notebook/marine/seaotter.php (1079 words)

	Otter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		To survive in the cold waters where many otters live, they do not depend on their specialised fur alone: they have very high metabolic rates and burn up energy at a profligate pace: Eurasian otters, for example, must eat 15% of their body-weight a day; sea otters, 20 to 25%, depending on the temperature.
		Sea otters have some 200,000 hairs per square cm of skin, a rich fur for which humans hunted them almost to extinction.
		Sea otters eat shellfish and other invertebrates (especially clams, abalone, and sea urchins), and one can frequently observe them using rocks as crude tools to smash open shells.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Otters (1491 words)

	Sea Otter Decline
		Without sea otters to feed on sea urchins, the sea urchin population would explode and threaten the kelp forests on which it feeds.
		Sea otter researchers at the Monterey Bay Aquarium say that most people are not aware of the direct connection between human behavior and sea otter health.
		The Ortep Association has published an article that says sea otter populations are not at risk from a chemical called tributyltin, as some have suggested.
	www.acfnewsource.org /environment/sea_otter_decline.html (677 words)

	Sea Otter--BIOLOGICAL AND ECOTOXICOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATE SPECIES RESIDING IN ESTUARIES
		The otter pup is dependent on the mother for at least a few months and weaned at one year, but may remain with mother after she has a new pup (Kenyon, 1981).
		Otters prefer a protected inshore area with a rocky bottom and an abundance of kelp, especially giant kelp, which are used for rest (they wrap themselves while napping to keep from drifting) and provide the ideal foraging grounds (Riedman, 1990).
		Liver samples from beach-cast sea otter carcasses or recently killed individuals were collected from California (n=9) between 1988 and 1991, southeast Alaska (n=7) during May 1991, and the Aleutian Islands [Adak (n=5) between 1991 and 1992 and Amchitka (n=2) in 1992] and analyzed for organochlorine contamination (Bacon et al., 1999).
	www.pwrc.usgs.gov /bioeco/seaotter.htm (3977 words)

	Sea Otter
		Sea otters are active during the day and forage for food more during dawn and dusk; dives last any where from a minute to 6 minutes.
		Sea otters must be wary of predators at all times; killer whales often claim Sea otter pups that stray from the kelp forest and also adults.
		Sea urchins are the otters favorite food and kelp is the sea urchins favorite food, so the Sea otter plays a critical role of controlling the population of animals like the sea urchin that graze on the kelp.
	itech.pjc.edu /sctag/Sea_Otter_final/index.htm (1056 words)

	Sea otter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris) is a large otter native to the North Pacific, from northern Japan and Kamchatka east across the Aleutian Islands south to California.
		Sea Otters have compact molars with smooth cusps; they are the only carnivores with no more than four lower incisors.
		Otters are taught feeding practices by their mothers, and groups of otters often show matrilineal differences in food preferences.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sea_Otter (1574 words)

	OTTERNET.COM - Homepage
		Otters, once sought after for their fur, are making a comeback in some areas.
		Otters are cousins to weasles, badgers, ferrets, and mink.
		Sea otters are one of the rare mammals who use tools.
	www.otternet.com (404 words)

	San Diego Zoo's Animal Bytes: Otter
		For sea otters in their ocean habitat it’s a little different—the pups are born with their eyes open, and they have a special coat of hair so they can float, even though they can’t swim yet.
		For most otters, social groups are made up of a mother, her older offspring, and her newest pups; the males spend most of their time alone or with a few other males.
		Sea otters eat many of the same things, but mostly sea urchins, abalone, crabs, mussels, and clams, which they crack open against rocks they hold on their stomachs.
	www.sandiegozoo.org /animalbytes/t-otter.html (976 words)

	Sea Otter
		The sea otter has been hunted to near extinction for its soft, thick, lustrous fur.
		The world’s sea otter population is now estimated at between 25,000 and 40,000 individuals.
		The sea otter does not have deposits of fat under its skin to keep it warm, instead it depends on air trapped in its thick fur for insulation against the cold.
	www.nature.ca /notebooks/english/seaotter.htm (138 words)

	sea otter
		Students will be finding sea otter numbers for a series of years and graphing this information, as well as for sea otter pup numbers.
		But, despite all of this, it is safe to conclude that overall, the total sea otter population has increased over the 10 year span shown in the graph.
		They will be able to conclude that sea otter pup populations have stayed pretty much the same over the years and that the number has always been lower than adult sea otter populations and the total sea otter population each year.
	edweb.sdsu.edu /wip/examples/seaotter/index.htm (1258 words)

	Enhydra lutris, Sea Otter at MarineBio.org
		Sea otters, Enhydra lutris (Linnaeus, 1758), are the largest member of the family Mustelidae (70 species of river otters, skunks, weasels, badgers, etc.) and are the smallest marine mammal in North America.
		Since Sea otters do not have any insulating fat, the fur is responsible for maintaining warmth in waters typically 1-10°C. Most mammals fur sheds rain and water, and keeps them warm by trapping air in the underfur (like a down jacket).
		Sea otters can spend their whole life in the ocean but will rest on land when the population density is high.
	marinebio.org /species.asp?id=157 (2085 words)

	The Alaska Sea Otter's Disturbing Decline - National Zoo\| FONZ
		The otters arent reproducing poorlyjust as many pups are being born and surviving now as before the decline.
		The researchers found that while the sea otter population in whale-free Clam Lagoon did not change between 1993 and 1997, the population in Kulak Bay decreased by 76 percent.
		Pinniped numbers have been declining there since the late 1970s, and sea lions sank to their lowest levels in the Aleutians in the late 1980s, which coincides with the onset of the sea otter decline.
	nationalzoo.si.edu /Publications/ZooGoer/1999/6/alaskaotter.cfm (787 words)

	The Marine Mammal Center
		Sea otters are usually dark brown, often with lighter guard hairs.
		When sea otters are under water searching for food, they store what they have found in the loose skin folds at their armpits.
		Otters are also affected by the oil fumes or poisoned by eating food exposed to oil.
	www.marinemammalcenter.org /learning/education/mammalinfo/seaotter.asp (646 words)

	Sea Otter Rescue & Rehab : Seattle Aquarium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In August of 2003, an 8-week-old abandoned otter pup named Calypso was rescued and brought to the Seattle Aquarium.
		The program not only helps save the lives of individual otters, but it also provides valuable otter research without having to take captive animals from the wild.
		But the otter program goes beyond research and into the minds and hearts of many to help teach marine conservation.
	www.seattleaquarium.org /conservation/otter (221 words)

	Defenders of Wildlife - SEA OTTER AWARENESS WEEK
		This week-long event is being held to educate the public about the integral role that sea otters play in the nearshore marine ecosystem as well as the importance of respecting biological diversity.
		Of the three subspecies of sea otters around the world, two are found here in North America: the southern, or California sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) and the northern sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni).
		The third subspecies is the Russian sea otter (Enhydra lutris lutris).
	www.defenders.org /seaotter/awareness (252 words)

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