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	Sea squirt
		The sea squirt is a filter feeder takes planktonic organisms from the current of the water that passes through the feeding parts of the animal body.
		Wild sea squirts colonized on the rocky shore.
		The sea squirt larvae attached on the cord of
	www.lib.noaa.gov /korea/main_species/sea_squirt.htm (629 words)

	Sea squirt spouts its genome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		An evolutionary comparison of the human and sea squirt genomes may reveal when specific genes appeared in the human genome, says Daniel Rokhsar of JGI, noting that the goal of the project is to better understand human biology.
		Researchers found sea squirt genes that match human thyroid hormone genes, yet much of the genome seems tailored to the life of a sea squirt.
		Rokhsar says that the using sea squirts in the lab to study regulatory regions could be the most exciting aspect of the newly sequenced genome.
	www.genomenewsnetwork.org /articles/01_03/seasquirt.shtml (718 words)

	12.12.2002 - Sea squirt joins ranks of organisms whose genome has been sequenced
		The sea squirt genome, sequenced from DNA extracted from the sperm of an animal captured in Half Moon Bay, Calif., is the seventh animal genome sequenced to date.
		The sea squirt, Ciona intestinalis, is a barrel-shaped tunicate or ascidian found worldwide and considered by marinas and marine farmers to be a pest because it forms colonies on piers and anything submerged.
		Since then, the sea squirt tadpole, about a millimeter long, has become a popular focus of study at marine labs around the world and is an animal whose genome is as important for understanding evolution as that of the fruit fly or the mouse.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2002/12/12_squirt.html (1270 words)

	Sea squirt species off Georgia believed new \| ajc.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This is one of the species of sea squirts found by a Georgia Southern biologist and his students.
		Although sea squirts in many areas of the world are regarded as pests because they attach themselves to boat hulls and pilings, they are also prized by scientists who use them in fertility and evolution studies.
		Gleason and his students have shipped the three sea squirt species discovered at Gray's Reef to Karen Sanamyan, a Russian tunicate expert, to help determine whether the animals are truly unique to science.
	www.ajc.com /news/content/news/science/1104/09squirts.html (334 words)

	Sea Squirt (Tunicates) - Chesapeake Bay Program
		The familiar, greenish-brown "sea grapes" that attach to pilings, oyster shells and stones in the littoral zone of the Chesapeake Bay are not plants, but one of the few advanced invertebrate species in the phylum Chordata.
		After about three days, the sea squirt's eggs develop into tadpole-like larvae, which have sucker mechanisms along the side which allow the animal to adhere to objects such as pilings and stones and begin their metamorphosis.
		The sea squirt grows to a mature length of two inches, 1 5/8 inches wide, and its "tunic" appears to be gray-green, sometimes sheathed in mud.
	www.chesapeakebay.net /info/sea_squirt.cfm (487 words)

	Science and sensibility
		The animal in question is a sea squirt (or Urochordate or Tunicate) and it fits into the Phylum Chordata - the same one as you, me and all the vertebrates.
		Essentially the adult sea squirt is a sack fill of sea water with two syphons - one "sucking" water in and the other "spitting" it out.
		The sea squirts are also of interest to evolutionary biologists for a number of reasons.
	science_boy.blogspot.com /2005/04/distant-relative.html (741 words)

	Wired News: Sea Squirt Savants Celebrate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		They had been studying different aspects of the squirt's DNA for the past year, and the jamboree, hosted by the Joint Genome Institute, was their chance to finally see the whole genome in one piece.
		The sea squirt is basically made of two attached tubes -- one sucks in water, the other squirts the water out after filtering nutrients.
		Sea squirt jamboree attendees plan to publish a paper on their work by the end of this year.
	www.wired.com /news/print/0,1294,51840,00.html (734 words)

	sea squirt -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Sea squirts are fixed growing organisms resembling potatoes more than animals; they are found in all seas, from the intertidal zone to the greatest depths.
		Two of these, the sea squirts (subphylum Urochordata) and sea lancelets (subphylum Cephalochordata), are placed in the phylum Chordata, as are the vertebrates.
		Sea squirts, for example, reproduce by budding: lumps appear along a branchlike organ and develop into young sea squirts.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9066458?tocId=9066458 (882 words)

	Other animals - general info
		The sea squirt, a sessile marine animal that looks like a shapeless, soft potato, has a thick "tunic" or skin covering its body, and an opening at either end.
		Anthozoans (the sea anemones and corals) belong to the phylum Cnidaria, which includes the jellyfish, but this class has no medusal phase in their development, unlike the sea nettles commonly found in the Bay.
		Sea anemones are soft-bodied polyps that either attach to a firm substrate or bury themselves in bottom sediments.
	www.chesapeakebay.net /info/animals.cfm (721 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		From Sea to Seashore “Sea squirts get their name from their tendency to squirt out water when gentle pressure is applied to their sac-like bodies after they are removed from their watery home,” said Dominique Didier Dagit, Ph.D., Associate Curator of Ichthyology at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia.
		Sea squirts attach themselves to the sea floor or to rocks, sometimes by a long stalk, and usually remain in one place their entire lives," Dagit added.
		Sea squirts grow abundantly in clusters in all the world’s oceans, including the Mediterranean and Caribbean seas.
	www.acnatsci.org /press/release/seasquirt.doc (842 words)

	Tunicate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Urochordata (sometimes known as tunicata and commonly called urochordates, tunicates or sea squirts) is the subphylum of saclike filter feeders with input and output siphons.
		They feed by filtering sea water through a gill basket.
		The eggs are kept inside their body, while sperm is released into the water where it fertilises other individuals when brought in with incoming water.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sea_squirt (467 words)

	USGS Release: Wanted...Sea Squirt (11/21/2003)
		If they encounter the sea squirt in their catch or on their gear and can report the position, depth of the catch, habitat or sediment type, this would be very useful.
		Sea squirts are tunicates, sea life with a primitive spinal cord and a firm, flexible outer covering called a "tunic," from which the name derives.
		The color of this sea squirt on the deck of your ship should be as seen in the image above and image 3 below.
	www.usgs.gov /newsroom/article.asp?ID=148 (808 words)

	Sea squirt DNA sheds light on vertebrate evolution
		By comparing Ciona's genome with those of the human and other animals, the researchers were able to glean new insights into the evolutionary origins of the human brain, spine, heart, eye, thyroid gland, and nervous and immune systems, as well as a better understanding of chordate and vertebrate development in general.
		The sea squirt is a urochordate, or "tunicate," found in shallow ocean waters around the world.
		The barrel-shaped adult squirt attaches to rocks, piers, boats and the sea bottom, and feeds by siphoning seawater through its body and using a basket-like internal filter to capture plankton and oxygen.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-12/dgi-ssd120902.php (1317 words)

	Invasive sea squirt alive and well on Georges Bank
		Woods Hole, Mass.--The invasive sea squirt that federal and university researchers discovered on Georges Bank a year ago is flourishing in U.S. waters near the U.S.-Canada boundary, a joint research team announced today following a research cruise that concluded last week.
		In large parts of the affected area, the sea squirts cover 50 percent or more of the seabed.
		Sea squirts are tunicates, a type of sea life with a primitive spinal cord and a firm, flexible outer covering called a "tunic," from which the name derives.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-11/usgs-iss111904.php (886 words)

	ASU Research E-Magazine: An Inside Job
		First, she infected the sea squirt with only one type of the protozoan.
		While her brand new ASU West laboratory is equipped with some of the instrumentation she needs to determine the chemical composition of the substances she finds inside sea squirts, much of her work is still done in California.
		Research on the symbiotic relationship between sea squirts and single-celled organisms has been supported by the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation.
	researchmag.asu.edu /stories/inside.html (1331 words)

	Scientists Pin Down Sea Squirt Genetics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It was this discovery that led scientists to understand that the sea squirt was actually a chordate, a member of the same animal phylum as humans.
		The sea squirt is simple to manipulate and study in the lab.
		the juvenile sea squirt is an aquatic mammal
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/chat/807841/posts (1733 words)

	WHOI : Media Relations : Press Release : Sea Squirt Invasion: Scientists Gather at WHOI for First International ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		WHOI researcher Mary Carman points to sea squirts on the rocks in a tide pool in Sandwich, MA.
		The invasive sea squirt, shown here growing on seaweed, often looks like scrambled eggs but comes in all shapes and colors.
		The first International Invasive Sea Squirt Conference at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) has attracted about 100 researchers from nine nations, including Canada, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Denmark, England, Spain, Brazil, Japan, Brazil and the US.
	www.whoi.edu /mr/pr.do?id=4098 (483 words)

	NPR : Unraveling the Sea Squirt
		Adult sea squirts spend their lives stuck to a rock or boat, pumping water in one hole and out another.
		Sea squirt tadpoles, with their primitive spinal cords, may resemble the first vertebrate animals on Earth, which appeared in the fossil record about 550 million years ago.
		In fact, scientists say a sea squirt tadpole approximates, in some ways, what an early human ancestor -- the very first chordate -- may have looked like some 550 million years ago.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=875863 (428 words)

	Coastal Services (September/October 2001) - Hawaii Web Site Connects with Sea Squirt
		Sea Squirt is now a featured link in Lightspan's Study Web, which provides educational resources for students and teachers.
		The name Sea Squirt was chosen for the site, Billig says, because she "wanted a silly name that would attract children.
		Sea Squirt is kind of a play on words that to me encompasses both the ocean and kids.
	www.csc.noaa.gov /magazine/2001/05/hawaii.html (534 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Ocean waters yield cancer therapy
		Using laboratory techniques they say it should be possible to produce enough of the compounds without having to destroy a large number of sea squirts.
		Professor Marcel Jaspers, at the University of Aberdeen, along with colleagues from the Australian Institute of Marine Science, have made similar discoveries by looking at the sea squirt.
		The Utah researchers discovered that Prochloron microbes, which live inside the sea squirt Lissoclinum patella, produce two compounds called patellamide A and C, which are thought to have anti-cancer properties.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/4529273.stm (338 words)

	USGS Scientist Interviewed About Invasive Sea Squirt on Georges Bank
		The status of an invasive sea squirt discovered in 2003 by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists and their collaborators caught the attention of the press in New England this fall.
		A press release coauthored by Ellen Mecray (USGS) and Teri Frady (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Service) reported the findings of the second cruise (see article "Invasive Sea Squirt Alive and Well on Georges Bank," this issue) and was picked up by several major papers over the Thanksgiving week.
		Page Valentine, the chief of the project "USGS National Geologic Studies of Benthic Habitats, Northeastern United States," was interviewed by the Boston Globe and the Cape Cod Times, which featured him in an article on the front page of the Cape Cod Times on Saturday, November 20.
	soundwaves.usgs.gov /2005/01/outreach6.html (245 words)

	Sea Squirt Divers - Passionate about diving! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Classes range from private courses to large groups dependant on your preference, and can be either taught in the traditional way of classroom attendance, or for those of you who prefer, using PADI’s latest multimedia methods.
		We also organize trips to some of the worlds most beautiful dive sites, such as Yanbu and the Farazan Islands in the Red sea, adrenaline packed trips to South Africa to look for the great whites and tiger sharks and anywhere else that we can think of. Check out our Travel area for details.
		Be sure to visit our members section - it's free. In there you can access our fish database and identify the fish you saw on your last dive, as well as check your diving knowledge in our interactive quizzes.
	seasquirtdivers.com (177 words)

	JGI - Sea Squirt DNA Sheds Light on Vertebrate Evolution
		JGI - Sea Squirt DNA Sheds Light on Vertebrate Evolution
		In an article for the December 13, 2002 issue of the journal Science, an international consortium of researchers reports on the draft sequencing, assembly, and analysis of the genome of C.
		Meanwhile, Ciona intestinalis sequence information and additional information on the sea squirt can be accessed on JGI's website at www.jgi.doe.gov/ciona.
	www.jgi.doe.gov /News/news_12_12_02.html (1334 words)

	The Urochordata (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Urochordata, sometimes known as the Tunicata, are commonly known as "sea squirts." The body of an adult tunicate is quite simple, being essentially a sack with two siphons through which water enters and exits.
		However, many tunicates have a larva that is free-swimming and exhibits all chordate characteristics: it has a notochord, a dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail.
		Those who can view Quicktime movies ought not miss Cnemidocarpa finmarkiensis, the red sea squirt, part of the Safari '94 exhibit at Simon Fraser University, British Columbia.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /chordata/urochordata.html (236 words)

	Questions for Sea Squirt Divers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It is usually done in Half Moon Bay.
		Visibility varies from a bad 2m to a good 30+m in the Red Sea.
		DISCLAIMER: These answers are from my personal point of view and the standards based mostly on PADI.
	seasquirtdivers.com /faq.html (717 words)

	Invasive Species: Sea squirt
		Sea squirt, ascidian, colonial tunicate, compound sea squirt
		Sea squirt off New England offshore - U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Science Center
		Invasive Sea Squirt Alive and Well on Georges Bank (Nov 19, 2004)
	www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov /profiles/seasquirt.shtml (122 words)

	Wired News: Sea Squirt Savants Celebrate
		02:00 AM Apr. 16, 2002 PT WALNUT CREEK, California -- A tiny sea creature known as the sea squirt is so compelling that 50 scientists flew from the far corners of the earth last week just to look at the little critter's DNA.
		Those that have survived throughout evolution are likely to have important functions.
		Start a new thread or reply to a post below.
	www.wired.com /news/medtech/0,1286,51840,00.html (812 words)

	Ocean Life Institute - Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Coutts, Ashley D.M. Dumb barge teaches important lessons: the arrival, spread and management of an undesirable sea squirt in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand
		Rajbanshi, Rubi and Pederson, J. Competition among invading ascidians and a native mussel
		Simoncini, M.K. and Miller, R.J. Botrylloides violaceus is less vulnerable to sea urchin predation than a dominant native ascidian, Aplidium glabrum
	www.whoi.edu /institutes/oli/activities/seasquirt-program.html (999 words)

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