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Topic: Sea stack

	Pacific Northwest Sea Stack Cryptogams I. Scapania scandica
		The foot of the sea stack was approached on foot through the intertidal zone at low tide, and the site was accessed by free climbing the seaward face then crossing the ridge to the sheer north face and traversing along a narrow ledge.
		Sea stacks are ancient remnants of headlands left standing isolated from the shore after surrounding rocks have eroded.
		Sea stacks are thus predicted to harbor an unusually high concentration of rare cryptogams.
	www.sou.edu /biology/Faculty/Jessup/Scapania/sscand.html (2776 words)

	A climbers guide to Orkney. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Originally access to the stack was by a massive Tyrolean traverse, roped between the headlands to the north and south of the stack, with rope stretch this gave access to the top of the first pitch.
		The stack has since been climbed by abseil and swim, boat approach and the Tyrolean antics of the 70's were repeated in the early 90's by Mick Tighe and his crew.
		How we got off the stack was by using the big fangs of rock that overhang the seaward face as anchors and running about 15 m of abseil tat across the stack to the south face and abbing down the ascent route.
	www.orkney-seastacks.co.uk /ngc.htm (520 words)

	Sea Turtle Survival
		If a player loses all of their turtle tokens their sea turtle population has gone extinct and they are out of the game.
		The number of Land spaces is fewer than the number of Sea spaces to reflect that sea turtles spend very little of their life on land.
		As the players move through the land and sea, the Land Cards and Sea Cards are meant to represent the possible threats and benefits to sea turtle populations.
	edweb.sdsu.edu /courses/edtec670/Cardboard/board/s/seaturtle/seaturtle.html (1477 words)

	Untitled
		A stack is an isolated pinnacle of rock entirely surrounded by the sea at high tide.
		Stacks are created by water - sea, rain - dissolving the rock along lines of weakness such as bedding planes and vertical joints.
		Stacks are very popular with rock and mountain climbers so here is a picture looking back toward the mainland from the top of the stack.
	www.suite101.com /print_article.cfm/2005/16411 (537 words)

	Stack
		Stack (geology): Coastal landform - A large vertical column of rock in the sea.
		Stack (computing): Data structure - An area in a computer's memory.
		A large pile of hay or straw (hay stack).
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/st/stack.html (184 words)

	Gemology Stuff, Pismo Beach, CA - Beach Geology Walk, Self Guided (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A sea stack is any "hunk" of rock that sticks up out of a beach area, left high and dry as erosion removed all the material that once surrounded it.
		Sea stacks are created by a process known as differential erosion.
		The rock surrounding the sea stack was less resistant to the erosional forces of the tides and rain and was therefore eroded away, whereas the rock that remains resisted those same forces.
	www.laketahoejewelers.com /Gemology%20Stuff,%20Pismo%20Beach,%20CA.htm/jf_files/geowalk.html (2072 words)

	Coastal Landforms
		Sea stacks may begin as a sea arch.
		Sea stacks are tall, steep sided islands near shore.
		Stumps are the eroded remnants of sea stacks.
	www.albion.edu /geology/Geo210_Hawaii/Coastal/coastal_landforms.htm (413 words)

	Carol Thompson's Stack Rock Oil Painting Page
		As the sun sinks down on the horizon, the sky becomes aglow with the vibrant yellows and oranges that reflect upon the surface of a calming sea.
		Having studied the sea at all times of day, I could successfully recreate the mood of the sea just at sunset.
		This imposing stack rock is on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State.
	www.carolthompson.com /seascapes/stack-rock/oil.htm (232 words)

	coasts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Sea Arch: a headland being eroded from both sides has a "tunnel" cut through it.
		Sea Stack: the "ceiling" of a sea arch collapses leaving a pinnacle of rock standing off from the shore.
		Sea level is not constant; it changes due to climate and the amount of glaciation on the Earth's surface, istostacy and activity of sea floor spreading.
	www.odu.edu /webroot/instr/sci/tmmathew.nsf/pages/coastlab (495 words)

	BAY NATURE: Read the Landscape, July-Sept 2001
		This exercise provides dramatic evidence that the edge of the continent is consumed by the sea at an astounding average rate of one to three feet a year along the central California coast.
		The sea stacks along the coast here are composed of rocks belonging to the Franciscan Complex, formed during a time of plate collision along the west coast of North America.
		The former sea stack on the uplifted terrace south of the entrance road is eclogite, a metamorphosed basalt.
	www.baynature.com /2001summer/rtl_sum2001.html (1580 words)

	Metal Sculpture, realistic watercolor, photographs
		The central section of the California shoreline is extremely rugged and characterized by offshore sea stacks.
		Many sea stacks are formed when the wave action creates a cave in the shoreline; later the cave becomes an arch.
		This sea stack is about 50 feet high and at the base is about 100 feet long.
	www.dgabris-artist.com /item.html?PRID=1217740 (205 words)

	More Lake Superior
		The formation of sea caves (right) and sea arches (lower left and right) are landforms expected to be in ocean environments but because of the size of the lake and the igneous rocks on the North Shore they are features found in Minnesota.
		A sea cave forms when the inside part of a bay is undercut by water erosion faster than the point.
		The remains of a sea stack can be seen in the lower lower photos that are small "islands" of rock at the end of the point to the southeast of the arch.
	www.angelfire.com /mn2/MrD/page7a.html (768 words)

	CLEAR HORIZONS: September 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		that's a sea stack back there: a geological formation which took over a hundred million years to form through the changing of the sea tides and natural erosion.
		the sea stack is a trademark of the bako national park in sarawak.
		as we caught the stack during low tide, we could see the thin base of the sea stack and compared to the huge top of the stack, it looked terribly painful on the neck, especially as the top protrudes frontwards of the neck.
	clearhorizons.blogspot.com /2005_09_01_clearhorizons_archive.html (4483 words)

	Unit 01 Section 08 Lesson 03 - Lesson notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Sea stacks are columns of land standing in the ocean just off shore.
		sea arches are an interesting sight too and have drawn many tourists to the northern Peninsula of Newfoundland.
		Eventually sea caves, on alternate sides of the headland get deeper until they connect inside the headland forming a complete passage way or tunnel or “arch” through the head land.
	www.cdli.ca /courses/geog3202/unit01/section05/lesson03/3-lesson-a.htm (303 words)

	A climbers guide to Orkney. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Castle of Burrian is an amusing wee stack on the outskirts of Rackwick Bay on the island of Westray.
		It is also possible to traverse in along the sea level platforms from the other stack with a short traverse over a sea cave.
		ASCENT: The stack sits on a wedge shaped plinth which slopes into the sea from the east face of the stack.
	www.orkney-seastacks.co.uk /burrian.htm (311 words)

	USGS Geology in the Parks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Sea stacks are blocks of erosion-resistant rock isolated from the land by sea.
		Sea stacks begin as part of a headland or sea cliff.
		Click here to see Jump-off Joe, a sea stack, erode over 100 years.
	geopubs.wr.usgs.gov /docs/usgsnps/sea/gseastack.html (64 words)

	A climbers guide to Orkney. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Needle is situated on this south west coast of Hoy at the southern end of the great wall of cliffs that guard this coast line.
		Fortunately over looking the stack to the north is a 70 meter high 50 meter long finger of rock which has a very reassuring abseil stake at it's sea end.
		From the sea end simply abseil 70 meters into the sea and swim to the sea level ledge at the south side of the stack.
	www.orkney-seastacks.co.uk /needle.htm (232 words)

	Best Practices of Technology Integration
		The Creatures of the Sea unit was developed to expand the knowledge of the different animals in the ocean and their adaptation and survival.
		Using the names of the sea creatures to learn the letters of the alphabet was a connection not soon to be forgotten by the children.
		Extension activity: "Ocean Condominiums" Have children work together as a class to stack the shoeboxes so that the animals that live near the bottom of the sea are on the bottom of the stack and the animals that live near the surface of the ocean are on the top of the stack.
	www.remc11.k12.mi.us /bstpract/bpII/Lessons/99013/99013.html (1641 words)

	Organic Light Photography
		It was then that I also came to the realization that this sea stack, the seal, the ocean with its unceasing waves, and the stars knew nothing of September 11, or if they did know of it, they did not care and continued to do what they were created for.
		First, here was this sea stack, standing firm against a continuous onslaught of waves, day in and day out.
		And through all of this, that sea stack was constant in doing what it was created to do.
	www.organiclightphoto.com /essays/showessay.asp?num=41 (1711 words)

	jurassic_header1.gif (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The sea stack of Herne Rock lies within Ladram Bay.
		It is all that remains of a rocky arch which was shaped by the sea from the cliff.
		The roof of the arch has since fallen away and all that remains is the upright pillar as a sea stack.
	www.jurassiccoastline.com /jurassic_Info1.asp?ID=20 (49 words)

	Stack - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title.
		If an article link referred you to this title, you might want to go back and fix it to point directly to the intended page.
		Stack (geology), a large vertical column of rock in the sea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stack (95 words)

	Tasman National Park - Activities
		The waters off Pirates Bay, Fortescue Bay, Port Arthur and the Tasman Sea are popular boating destinations because of the beauty of the area, the sheltered waters and good fishing.
		Sea kayaking and canoeing around the rugged cliffs of Tasman National Park is increasing in popularity.
		Sea stacks north of Fortescue Bay, the "Candlestick" and "Totem pole" at Cape Hauy and more recently the clifflines around Mount Brown are used by climbers, abseilers and commercial operators.
	www.parks.tas.gov.au /natparks/tasman/activities.html (668 words)

	Piedros Blancas
		It was probably named White Point because of the large sea stack just off the point that is covered in bird stuff.
		He said that we would go behind the large sea stack to another one that was submerged beyond it.
		We went about a mile to get behind the big sea stack and there was an extremely dense patch of Bull Kelp.
	www.diver.net /seahunt/d_blncas.htm (1365 words)

	Australian Dreaming: 2005-07-05
		Bernie Joyce, from the earth science department of Melbourne University and a member of the heritage sub-committee of the Geological Society of Australia, said waves would have been chipping away at the sea stack by a few millimetres every year.
		Professor Joyce said the sea stack that collapsed was like a chimney sitting on a flat platform under the sea.
		Andrew Gleadow, professor of Earth Sciences at the University of Melbourne, said the Apostles were formed after the tips of headlands were separated from the mainland, eroded by the sea.
	swhite.antville.org /20050705 (408 words)

	Jurassic Coast - Geomorphology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The caves, arches and sea stacks off Holdfast Point demonstrates, in a spectacular fashion, each stage in the erosion of headlands and the formation of dramatic coastal features.
		Fractures within the chalk are attacked by the sea, forming caves which eventually are driven through the headland into arches.
		Due to the sheer bulk of the chalk, it forms a headland and a barrier to the sea that once stretched eastwards to the Needles on the Isle of Wight.
	www.swgfl.org.uk /literacy/jurassic/explore3.htm (1390 words)

	Stages in formation of Cave, Arch & Stack
		Continuous erosion causes these back-to-back caves to extend backward till the sea caves meet and a natural tunnel is produced.
		The top portion of the sea caves becomes an arch, linking the tip of the headland with the mainland.
		When the arch collapses, the sea ward pillar is left standing and becomes a stack.
	www.rgs.edu.sg /events/geotrip/stack.html (190 words)

	Jump-off Joe - USGS WCMG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The following photographs show the demise of Jump-off Joe, a sea stack at Nye Beach, Newport, Oregon.
		In 1890, the sea stack was composed of middle Miocene concretionary sandstone of the Astoria Formation.
		Note remnant of Pleistocene terrace deposit along the wave cut bench on the stack.
	walrus.wr.usgs.gov /pubinfo/jump.html (117 words)

	Olympic National Park photographs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Here is a picture of the Pacific surf splashing against a sea stack from a tunnel in the sea stack.
		Along the Washington and Oregon coast, sea stacks are scattered about and are allegedly remnants of the rocky coastline that has now retreated inland due to erosion.
		However, the sea stacks rise from the beach as though they had been deposited there.
	www.geocities.com /Yosemite/Gorge/7131/s/olympic-national-park.html (348 words)

	You Have To Hand It To Some People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Through binoculars Dave had made out an oddity atop a sea stack measuring a good sixty feet and situated in an inaccessible position just out from the said cliff.
		Walk to the cliffs above that stack and continue along the coast for almost a 1/4 mile until you see the stack offshore.
		They presumed they were on the first but found an arm from a female shop dummy on the top of the stack together with a note.
	www.skye.ws /Archive/Stack.htm (393 words)

	Gazos Creek State Beach, San Mateo County, CA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		GazosCreek5.jpg - Sea stacks and eroding conglomerate cliffs north of Gazos Creek.
		GazosCreek7.jpg - The Pacific Ocean from the sea cliff north of Gazos Creek.
		The massive conglomerate (Pigeon Point Formation) is exposed in the seacliffs and sea stack farther north along the beach.
	3dparks.wr.usgs.gov /3Dbayarea/html/GazosCreek.htm (213 words)

	Emerged sea stack and wave-cut platform, Western Newfoundland: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Emerged sea stack and wave-cut platform, Western Newfoundland: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage
		Wave action at that time produced a sea stack (foreground) and cut a rock platform on the headlands (far left).
		Melting of the ice sheet allowed the land to rebound from the sea, leaving the shore features high and dry.
	www.heritage.nf.ca /environment/stack.html (98 words)

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