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	Seagrass habitat
		Seagrasses are a type of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) have evolved from terrestrial plants and have become specialized to live in the marine environment.
		Seagrasses are subject to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses such as storms, excessive grazing by herbivores, disease, and anthropogenic threats due to point and non-point sources of pollution, decreasing water clarity, excessive nutrients in runoff, sedimentation and prop scarring.
		Seagrasses that remain in fragmented areas are then susceptible to erosion effects and are vulnerable to increased damage as boaters continue to scar the meadow.
	www.sms.si.edu /irlspec/Seagrass_Habitat.htm (2013 words)

	Seagrass Beds of the Indian River Lagoon
		Seagrasses are flowering vascular plants that inhabit shallow areas of oceans, estuaries, and lagoons worldwide (Figure 1).
		Major parts of a typical seagrass (Figure 2) include the blade, which is the main photosynthetic organ, and the short shoot, which is analogous to a land plant stem.
		Seagrass loss due to light attenuation usually starts at the outer (deeper) edge of the beds, where the light reaching the plants is only marginal, and progresses towards the shallower regions as conditions deteriorate.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /BODY_IN189 (1350 words)

	Seagrass - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Seagrass (or sea-grass in British English) are flowering plants from four plant families (Posidoniaceae, Zosteraceae, Hydrocharitaceae and Cymodoceaceae) that grow in the marine saline environment.
		Seagrass beds are highly diverse and productive ecosystems, and can harbor hundreds of associated species from all phyla, for example juvenile and adult fish, epiphytic and free-living macroalgae and microalgae, shellfish, bristle worms, and nematodes.
		Seagrasses are sometimes labelled ecosystem engineers, because they partly create their own habitat: the leaves slow down water-currents increasing sedimentation, and the seagrass roots and rhizomes stabilize the seabed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Seagrass (384 words)

	Seagrass Ecosystems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		But the reported rates of productivity for the seagrass alone range between 10 and 20 grams of carbon fixed per square meter per day; adding the other components to this indicates that seagrass meadows must be one of the most productive systems on the earth.
		It is now apparent that all methods currently being used for measuring carbon assimilation of seagrasses are inadequate and result in highly variable and unreliable data as a consequence of the internal recycling of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the lacunal spaces of the leaves.
		The organics produced by seagrasses should be investigated, including but not restricted to such things as the function of tannins and other phenolic compounds and the extent and significance of extracellular metabolites.
	www.botany.hawaii.edu /seagrass/workshop/workshpc.htm (1247 words)

	Seagrass and Mountain Seagrass Rugs from Natural Area Rugs
		Seagrass rugs are a wonderful addition to any area of your home but as they have a smooth finish we do not recommend them for stairs.
		Seagrass comes from the coastal regions of China and India and is grown in paddy fields.
		Seagrass retains the grassy, hay-like scent and coloring of the plant from which it is extracted.
	www.naturalarearugs.com /seagrass-mountain-grass.php (772 words)

	SOFIA - Temporal and Spatial Variation in Seagrass Associated Fish and Invertebrates - Abstract
		Each animal sample was coupled with measurements estimating seagrass canopy structure and local environmental conditions: standing crops of seagrass and associated macroalgae, seagrass blade densities by species, sediment texture and organic content, water and sediment depth, compaction, salinity and temperature.
		Seagrass habitat change was most extensive between 1990 and 1995 when algal blooms were always present in the basin.
		The cumulative affect of seagrass loss and recovery and reduced water clarity between 1985 and 1995 was a shift away from a turtle grass dominated seagrass meadow to one exhibiting greater habitat heterogeneity.
	sflwww.er.usgs.gov /projects/seagrass/fishnshrimp_03geerab.html (1030 words)

	Seagrass Beds -
		Seagrass beds are major features of both temperate and tropical seas throughout the world, but they are best developed and most diverse in the lagoonal systems that are associated with coral reefs.
		The removal of terrigenous (originating on land) sediment from lagoonal and estuarine water is a very important function of seagrasses, and may be essential in some areas to allow sediment-sensitive corals to exist on adjacent reefs.
		It is known that seagrass meadows may have a nursery function, or may be the permanent habitat of epibenthic fish species.
	www.oceansatlas.org /cds_static/en/seagrass_beds__en_2552_all_1.html (317 words)

	Seagrass Rugs - Seagrass Area Rugs, Seagrass Carpet and Seagrass Square Rugs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Seagrass is a grass grown rather like rice in wet paddy fields- hence the name - that is a hard, yet, smooth fiber which is woven onto a latex-backed seagrass floor covering as a simple or a basket weave pattern.
		Seagrass runners and rugs have an excellent natural color in its own right-brown and beige strands with a definite green tinge-it cannot be dyed; the fiber is impermeable.
		Seagrass rugs are a practical material; it is relatively non-absorbent and hard, it does not often stain and dirt is easily brushed loose.
	www.importflooring.com /seagrass.htm (240 words)

	Seagrass - EPA/QPWS
		Seagrasses are marine plants with the same basic structure as terrestrial (land) plants.
		Seagrass beds are believed to rival rice paddies in their photosynthetic productivity (the amount of the sun’s energy they convert to plant sugars) and are very important as nurseries and habitat for many commercially important species of fish and prawns.
		Seagrasses are also home to a number of fish species valued by fishers (as catch or bait) and by aquarists.
	www.epa.qld.gov.au /nature_conservation/habitats/marine_habitats/seagrass (923 words)

	Bird Poop Helps Damaged Seagrass Beds Recover (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The use of bird stakes is one of several methods NOAA biologists are using to restore seagrass beds injured by vessel groundings.
		Seagrass also filters and stabilizes sediments, helping to create the clear waters for which the Florida Keys are known.
		Most injury to seagrass and coral occurs when boaters attempt to use their engines to break free of the bottom, or due to inappropriate salvage attempts.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/southflorida/news/birdpoop2003.html (531 words)

	Seagrass
		Seagrass meadows share many of the same ecological functions as saltmarshes, but these habitats are completely submerged.
		Like marshes, seagrass meadows have a tremendous amount of surface area and reduced water velocity between grass blades that facilitates physical and biological filtration of suspended material in the overlying water.
		Seagrasses are also subject to bio-perturbation, or the digging activities of aquatic organisms.
	www.uwf.edu /rsnyder/ffnwf/seagras/seagras.html (653 words)

	GulfBase - West Galveston Bay Seagrass Restoration Project
		In the western portion of the Galveston Bay estuary, seagrass acreage declined from 8.90 square km in 1956 to zero by 1989.
		Seagrass loss has been attributed primarily to direct and indirect effects of dredging canals for housing developments, increased turbidity and increased wave action after bulkheading.
		Successful restoration of seagrass beds will increase habitat for species of commercial and recreational importance such as penaeid shrimp, blue crab and spotted sea trout as well as their prey, and it will also stabilize shorelines and slow erosion.
	www.gulfbase.org /project/view.php?pid=wgbsrp (323 words)

	The University of Maine - UMaine Today Magazine - July / August 2003 - Seagrass Health
		Seagrass, which provides critical habitat for commercially important fish species, occupies about 10 percent of the world’s coastal seas.
		The seagrass project is one of several active studies in the lab.
		In addition to their seagrass work, Ressom and his team are working with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to apply a neural net to ocean data from satellites.
	www.umainetoday.umaine.edu /Issues/v3i4/seagrass.html (1086 words)

	Seagrass Ecology-1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Seagrass Dieoff in Florida Bay (USA): Long-Term Trends in Abundance and Growth of Thalassia testudinum and the Role of Hypersalinity and Temperature.
		While the causes of the initial loss of seagrasses is as yet poorly understood, it was not associated with declines in water clarity or in increased epiphytism.
		Seagrass declines in the western Bay may be the result of light-stress induced mortality in addition to die-off.
	www.aoml.noaa.gov /flbay/seag96.html (5287 words)

	Shallow Water Seagrass Beds Are Vanishing
		Around the world, seagrass beds are in decline, says a scientist who has been studying the shallow water ecosystems for decades.
		Seagrass is an effective filter of nutrients and particulates, and it is the basis of a detrital food chain that feeds fish and shellfish.
		In remote areas of the Hudson and James Bays in sub-Arctic Canada, where members of the Cree Nation noticed their seagrass beds diminishing, Short observed that the beds were in the plume of fresh water released from a nearby Hydro-Quebec power plant.
	www.ens-newswire.com /ens/mar2006/2006-03-28-03.asp (744 words)

	Seagrass Conservation Plan
		Since recent global studies show that seagrasses are sensitive to nutrient enrichment and water quality problems, as well as physical stress from human disturbances, many Texas scientists, resource managers, and environmentally-aware citizens have become concerned about the ecosystem health of these subtropical habitats.
		Recent declines in seagrasses of Galveston Bay and some Coastal Bend regions has led to a consensus that concerted planning and actions are needed to address seagrass problems and to promote effective conservation and management solutions.
		Seagrass problems were identified and categorized according to three separate thematic areas: research issues, management/policy issues, and education/public outreach.
	www.tpwd.state.tx.us /landwater/water/habitats/seagrass/conservation.phtml (847 words)

	Beautiful Seagrasses - Keeping True Flowering Plants in Your Marine Aquarium - Reef Hobbyist Online Magazine
		Seagrasses transplanted from the wild will generally lose their original (shipped) leaves in the ensuing weeks and months.
		One of the theories revolving around seagrass diseases in places around the world is that larger grazing animals such as turtles and manatees have been overfished.
		If the seagrass display is to keep cnidarian animals, lamp temperatures closer to 10, 000K are acceptable and perhaps preferable, depending on the needs of the species kept.
	www.reefland.com /rho/0305/main3.php (2163 words)

	Welcome to the Internet's Premier Seagrass Rug and Sisal Rug Outlet. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Seagrass is a salt marsh grass that is grown in paddy-like fields and flooded with sea water during the crop cycle.
		Seagrass area rugs are a wonderful choice for any room where the warm hues of the grass will accent furniture beautifully.
		Seagrass rugs are relatively easy to maintain because dirt does not cling to the hard fibers, but rests loosely in the weave.
	www.seasiderugs.com /faq.htm (272 words)

	KAYSONS
		Seagrass is possibly the best known of the natural floorings; hard wearing with a unique appearance made by flooding the plant with seawater before harvesting.
		Seagrass can be recognized by it's grassy, hay-like scent and coloring which dissipates with time.
		Seagrass rugs have a non-porous surface that gives it a naturally smooth texture and sheen.
	www.kaysons.in /seagrass.htm (105 words)

	RI Seagrass Habitats
		Seagrass beds are susceptible to an array of human-induced degradations.
		Seagrass restoration is complicated by the fact that seagrass beds are extremely sensitive to water quality.
		Dr. Short is a leader in seagrass restoration ecology in the Northeast and faculty member of the University of New Hapshire (UNH).
	www.edc.uri.edu /restoration/html/intro/sea.htm (1594 words)

	Seagrass -
		Seagrasses are commonly found in shallow coastal marine locations.
		In the United States over 50 percent of the historical seagrass cover has been lost from Tampa Bay, 76 percent from the Mississippi Sound, and 90 percent from Galveston Bay.
		Global seagrass declines and effects of climate change.
	www.oceansatlas.org /cds_static/en/seagrass__en_19467_all_1.html (241 words)

	Seagrass Rugs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Seagrass can also be used for complete room coverage for replacing carpet.
		Seagrass is undyed; therefore it will show natural variations in color.
		Seagrass responds to changes in humidity by expanding and contracting.
	www.seasiderugs.com /seagrass/natural/seagrassnatural.htm (88 words)

	Seagrass Forum (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab-4.cs.princeton.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Because of their complex nature, discussion on all aspects of seagrass ecosystems is encouraged, including: physiology, trophic ecology, taxonomy, pathology, geology and sedimentology, hydrodynamics, transplanting/restoration and human impacts.
		At the 2nd International Seagrass Biology Workshop in 1996 it was agreed that the Seagrass Forum would be used as the major means of communication between seagrass researchers around the world.
		With the establishment of the World Seagrass Association at the 4th International Seagrass Biology Workshop in 2000, Seagrass Forum was identified as essential for communications within the Association.
	wwwscience.murdoch.edu.au.cob-web.org:8888 /centres/others/seagrass_forum (283 words)

	Gulf of Mexico Seagrass Publications
		The purpose of this report is to provide scientists, managers, and citizens with valuable baseline information on the status of seagrasses in coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico, and to increase awareness that the seagrasses of the Gulf are of global significance.
		The importance of seagrasses as food, shelter, and essential nursery habitats for commercial- and recreational-fishery species and for the many other organisms that live and feed in seagrass beds is well known.
		Seagrasses are now receiving focused attention from environmental managers, who require integrated science to aid in developing seagrass-protection programs.
	gulfsci.usgs.gov /gom_ims/sgpubs.html (624 words)

	Land & Maps - Seagrass Classification
		Rock, land and deep water were digitally cut out of the image as seagrass loss or increase was assumed not to occur on rock or land, and could not be detected by the aerial photography in deeper water.
		The light areas were classified as sand and the remaining areas assumed to be seagrass, detrital matter and algal mats.
		Any ‘short term gain’ of seagrass and then ‘loss’ from one epoch to another can be assumed to be detrital matter and therefore actually still sand.
	www.environment.sa.gov.au /mapland/id_seagrass.html (351 words)

	Seagrass Epiphytes In Florida Bay
		Seagrasses form extensive beds in many coastal embayments worldwide, and seagrass-dominated ecosystems have fared poorly in anthropogenically-influenced coastal regions because of the sensitivity of seagrasses to changes in water quality (e.g.
		Seagrass epiphytes are sessile plants and animals that grow attached to their seagrass host (Harlin, 1980, Frankovich & Zieman, 1994).
		These changes in seagrass biomass and species composition are coincident with the changes in epiphyte loads and species composition of the present study.
	www.fiu.edu /~seagrass/papers/fbepis/body.htm (5373 words)

	The British Virgin Islands Welcome On-line: Coral Reef
		Seagrass beds are among the most productive marine habitats in the world, supporting a myriad of plants and animals, large and small.
		Located downstream of Horseshoe Reef, 15 miles away, and Eustatia Reef, one mile away, this seagrass bed was teeming with juvenile marine life which had hatched upstream only to be carried along in the current until it found a suitable area to settle and spend the first, and most vulnerable part, of its life.
		Finally, seagrass beds provide a safe haven and nursery for juvenile animals as well as food for these and larger animals including the Green Sea Turtle and the West Indian Manatee, which is believed to have lived in these waters many years ago.
	www.bviwelcome.com /articles/coral/coral.html (1238 words)

	Seagrass Restoration in Tampa Bay
		Seagrass meadows, however, are declining worldwide, primarily owing to human-induced disturbances.
		Seagrass recovery and restoration, which are a high priority in the Tampa Bay area, are one focus of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)'s Gulf of Mexico Integrated Science-Tampa Bay Pilot Study.
		This underwater "tent" is set up on a native seagrass bed near the transplant plots to gather such data as salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, and temperature, allowing calculations of metabolism and growth rates for the benthic community.
	soundwaves.er.usgs.gov /2002/11 (821 words)

	Action plan for Seagrass beds
		Seagrass beds develop in intertidal and shallow subtidal areas on sands and muds.
		Seagrass beds around the Isles of Scilly were monitored for several years in the late 1980s by the Nature Conservancy Council and have been re-surveyed by volunteers.
		Take account of the conservation requirements for seagrass beds in the development and implementation of coastal zone management plans and ensure that they are not managed in isolation from other habitats and communities in these areas.
	www.ukbap.org.uk /UKPlans.aspx?ID=35 (1846 words)

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