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	Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind - Searle, John
		Searle also analyzes intentional states in terms of their directions of fit (which can be world-to-mind, mind-to-world, or null) and directions of causation (which can be mind-to-world or world-to-mind).
		Searle further argues that if consciousness is to be considered a feature or effect of brain processes, we must be clear to understand that it is not an effect separate from and posterior to the brain processes causing it.
		Searle is careful to point out that while it appears to be the case that certain brain functions are be sufficient for producing conscious states, our current state of neurobiological knowledge prevents us from concluding that they are necessary for producing consciousness.
	philosophy.uwaterloo.ca /MindDict/searle.html (910 words)

	Turing, Searle, and Thought
		Searle has also stated that intentionality is "that property of the mind (brain) by which it is able to represent other things." [3] Here, the word 'represent' does not have quite the same meaning that computer scientists use.
		Searle does not hold that all machines are incapable of thought, because he holds that the humans are precisely such machines; in other words, Searle holds that humans are a certain kind of "digital computer" that is capable of thought.
		Searle recommends using baskets full of Chinese symbols as the medium for manipulation, so let's assume that 2 bytes is sufficient to hold a Chinese character, and that each physical symbol should be about 2 inches on a side.
	www.dreamsongs.com /Searle.html (5212 words)

	Reason Magazine - Reality Principles: An Interview with John R. Searle
		Second, Searle believes that the world is in fact real, not a mere construct of texts and word games, and that we can understand that real world--a position known as "metaphysical realism." He is famous as a vocal and vigorous defender of reason, objectivity, and intellectual standards within the academy.
		Searle was interviewed in his Berkeley office in November by Edward Feser (star3brn@1stnetusa.com), who teaches philosophy at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, and Steven Postrel, an economist who teaches business strategy at the University of California, Irvine.
		Searle's arm was in a sling--he broke it in a household accident he finds particularly embarrassing to discuss given his fracture-free years as an avid skier--and his office was a bustle of activity, with research assistants and students coming and going.
	www.reason.com /news/show/27599.html (5210 words)

	John R. Searle's "Minds, Brains, and Programs" - My Response
		Searle thinks that it is absurd that the conjunction of the man and the manipulation of the water pipes understands, and talks about the internalization of it in so far as the man would simulate the water pipe system in his imagination.
		Searle does not answer this, but assumes that we will fill in such assumptions about humans vs. programs that we are inclined to make already having told us we are silly if we do not come to the same conclusion that he does.
		Searle says that only systems that have causal powers could have intentionality, so, one is to suppose that if one could prove that a formal system of symbol manipulation had these powers, it would by definition be capable of understanding.
	www-personal.engin.umich.edu /~fritx/searle.html (2038 words)

	The Rediscovery of the Mind, by John R. Searle
		Searle calls his theory of mind "biological naturalism." This expression is revealing, mainly for the nature of the limitations of the theory.
		Searle is content with "the obvious facts of physics," but the fact is that science simply cannot deal with the truths of being and value, of metaphysics and ethics, since an empirical (observational, experimental) method bears with it an externalist bias.
		Searle's Chapter 9, the last chapter before his conclusion, is a stunning critique of the whole project of "cognitive science." Like the chapter on the Background, this also is very nearly worth the cost of the whole book.
	www.friesian.com /searle.htm (5614 words)

	Response to Searle
		Searle responded; my more detailed response in turn is also online.
		Searle says this argument is "invalid": he suggests that the physical structure of the world is equally consistent with the addition of flying pigs, but that it does not follow that flying is nonphysical.
		Here Searle misstates my view: he says that I am "explicitly committed" to this position, when I merely explore it and remain agnostic; and he says incorrectly that it is an implication of property dualism and nonreductive functionalism.
	consc.net /book/searle-response.html (1103 words)

	Minds, Machines and Searle
		Searle is shown to have underestimated some features of computer modeling, but the heart of the issue turns out to be an empirical question about the scope and limits of the purely symbolic (computational) model of the mind.
		Searle fails to distinguish between the simulation of a mechanism, which is only the formal testing of a theory, and the implementation of a mechanism, which does duplicate causal powers.
		Searle implicitly adopts a strong, untested "modularity" assumption to the effect that certain functional parts of human cognitive performance capacity (such as language) can be be successfully modeled independently of the rest (such as perceptuomotor or "robotic" capacity).
	www.ecs.soton.ac.uk /~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad89.searle.html (8621 words)

	Ronald Searle Biography
		Searle was victim and observer and recorder of atrocities and diseases and deaths.
		For decades, Searle's life would revolve around various trips for various magazines that reveled in and were enriched by his illustrations made on the spot.
		Searle wasn't sure where he was going, but the direction seems to have been away from the biting, but approachable, satire for which he was famous.
	www.bpib.com /illustrat/searle.htm (1604 words)

	John Searle's theory of consciousness - the Chinese room and qualia.
		Searle is a kind of Horatius, holding the bridge againt the computationalist advance.
		At the time Searle wrote his paper, it looked as if "understanding" might quickly go the same way, with claims that computers running certain script-based programs could properly be said to exhibit at least a limited understanding of the things and events described in their pre-programmed scenarios.
		In Searle's terminology, each formula has conditions of satisfaction, the conditions which make it true or false: when we mean it, we add conditions of satisfaction to the conditions of satisfaction.
	www.consciousentities.com /searle.htm (2058 words)

	Amazon.com: The Construction of Social Reality: Books: John R. Searle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Searle is a philosophical realist and has always made a compelling case for our living in a single world, part of it outside of us and part within us, part objective and part subjective, part ontologic and part epistemic.
		Searle is at his most creative in Chapter 6: "Background Abilities and the Explanation of Social Phenomena." Here he will not truck with previous work, specifically by "Chomsky or Fodor and not even Freud" on consciousness and the unconscious.
		Searle's claim that in cooperative endeavors one's individual intentionality derives from, and is therefore bound up in, collective intentionality appears to limit artificially her individual intentionality and agency, especially as concerns her critical function.
	www.amazon.com /Construction-Social-Reality-John-Searle/dp/0684831791 (3837 words)

	Chinese Room Argument [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Searle responds, in effect, that since none of these replies, taken alone, has any tendency to overthrow his thought experimental result, neither do all of them taken together: zero times three is naught.
		Beginning with objections published along with Searle's original (1980a) presentation, opinions have drastically divided, not only about whether the Chinese room argument is cogent; but, among those who think it is, as to why it is; and, among those who think it is not, as to why not.
		Searle's own hypothesis of Biological Naturalism may be characterized sympathetically as an attempt to wed - or unsympathetically as an attempt to waffle between - the remaining dualistic and identity-theoretic alternatives.
	www.iep.utm.edu /c/chineser.htm (3035 words)

	Searle against the world:
		Searle needs to find a way, in giving the form of the content of experience, to isolate the representation of the causal role of the object from what the object is represented as.
		Searle rightly claims that visual experience is "not general but particular." The problem is that CVE does not capture this fact.
		Although Searle accepts the naive view that perception is "direct" (1983, 46 and 57)-he is anything but a sense-data theorist-his account of the content of a visual experience in terms of CVE suggests that this relation is indirect: one is aware of the object as just the cause the experience.
	userwww.sfsu.edu /~kbach/Searle.html (5922 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Archive Search
		Searle, while clearly not dead, is like a figure from another age: that inter-war period when the arts were not divorced, when painting, sculpture, music and literature were coeval.
		Searle had signed over the Molesworth copyrights to the widow of his collaborator, Geoffrey Willans, and was handing over most of his fees to Kaye Webb to support his own children.
		Searle's detachment is partly professional - the belief that the artist and satirist must retain a distance and protect his freedom.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Archive/Article/0,4273,4099415,00.html (4199 words)

	paul-almond.com - John Searle's Position within an Evolutionary Context
		Searle states that attempting to create a conscious machine by making one that behaves as if it were conscious is irrelevant, yet his own claims, combined with the view that consciousness exists in humans and that human biology was produced by Darwinian evolution suggest that this is exactly what evolution did
		If Searle agrees that there is a fifty percent chance that one of these machines is conscious when the number of such machines is relatively low then he is weakening his own assertion that externally observable behaviour is irrelevant.
		In this case Searle’s assertion that the externally observable behaviour of a machine is irrelevant, with regard to whether or not it is conscious, is weakened.
	www.paul-almond.com /SearleAndEvolution.htm (3299 words)

	Searle News
		Searle has been successful in securing main store business from Marks and Spencer for 2005/2006, and the latest units are now coming off the production line.
		Searle achieved this by using the latest technology in components and fitting, including integral directly mounted compressor controls and intelligent electronic controls.
		Searle also showed a number of new special compressor-based units, displaying their expertise in designing and building such solutions to meet specific customer requirements.
	www.searle.co.uk /client/docs/en/news.htm (1125 words)

	Nessie's Frank Searle Death Discovered
		But Searle would also state incorrectly that since 1938, "many [coelacanths] have been caught or found in the South Atlantic," instead of the reality that coelacanths were being captured in the Indian Ocean, off the east coast of southern Africa.
		Searle was only taken seriously for about a year, and then his celebrity status declined rapidly.
		Searle's move from fame to infamy began perhaps most in earnest with the attack on Searle's pictures by Nicholas Witchell (The Loch Ness Story, 1975).
	www.lorencoleman.com /searle.html (1006 words)

	Review of Searle, The Rediscovery of the Mind
		Here is the nub of Searle's case: "Because mental phenomena are essentially connected with consciousness, and because consciousness is essentially subjective, it follows that the ontology of the mental is essentially a first-person ontology." (p.20) He goes on: "The subjectivist ontology of the mental seems intolerable.
		For Searle, "Consciousness is an on/off switch; a system is either conscious or not," (p83) and we don't yet know where to draw the line as we descend the phylogenetic scale: "I have no idea whether fleas, grasshoppers, crabs, or snails are conscious." (p.74).
		Searle has gone me one better, because he has forsworn the possibility of an intermediate position; there are only brute facts and brute falsehoods for Searle.
	ase.tufts.edu /cogstud/papers/searle.htm (4197 words)

	Classical Net - Composers - Searle
		Searle – who also studied with Jacobs, Morris and Ireland – used this Austro-German experience while working with the British intelligence service during the Second World War) while spending much of his life cataloging the music of Liszt was bound to have an intriguing take on contemporary music.
		Often, Searle found these solutions in the traditions of the past: the Piano Sonata mentioned above uses a Lisztian thematic transformation structure within a twelve-tone context; while the Second Symphony (1956-58) is a twelve-tone symphony cast in a perfectly traditional three movements...
		Searle's writings on the composer, including "The Music of Liszt" (1954; rev. 1966), and his cataloging of the composer's works (to this day, Liszt's music is identified by S (Searle) numbers; although the actual catalog has been revised by others since Searle's death) played a significant role in the musical rehabilitation of Franz Liszt.
	www.classical.net /~music/comp.lst/acc/searle.html (961 words)

	Searle Scholars Program : NEWS and LINKS
		Searle Scholars who received MacArthur awards in previous years are Richard Mulligan, David Page, and Geraldine Seydoux.
		Searle expressed the wish that some of the proceeds of their estates be used for the support of research in medicine, chemistry, and biological science.
		Milan Mrksich (1996 Searle Scholar) one of two recipients of the Arthur C. Cope Young Scholar Awards, will present and address before the Division of Organic Chemistry at the 226th ACS National Meeting in New York, NY in September 2003.
	www.searlescholars.net /news_links/archive_03.html (1029 words)

	Acting, Intending, and Artificial Intelligence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This analysis of the difference, together with Searle's well known denial that machines such as computers have intentions, seems to entail that nothing remains if I subtract the fact that the robot arm goes up from the fact that the robot raises its arm (Searle 1980, 1990).
		Searle proposes that if we do not rule out ascribing acts to inanimate things across the board, almost any intentional state will be literally ascribable to anything at all.
		Searle must either dismiss our intuitions about this and say that the former attributions are as figurative as the latter; or acknowledge that some usages are more figurative than others.
	members.aol.com /lshauser/actinai.html (2362 words)

	Comic creator: Ronald Searle
		Ronald Searle was born in Cambridge, England, in 1920.
		During his time in prison camp, Searle never stopped drawing, and upon his return to England in October, 1945, his work was displayed in an exhibition.
		By this time, Ronald Searle was one of the foremost illustrators in England, and soon there came interest from the USA as well, where he made an animated film, 'Energetically Yours'.
	lambiek.net /artists/s/searle_ronald.htm (345 words)

	Minds, Brains, and Programs
		They are defined in terms of their content, not their form.
		The belief that it is raining, for example, is not defined as a certain formal shape, but as a certain mental content with conditions of satisfaction, a direction of fit (see Searle 1979), and the like.
		Indeed the belief as such hasn't even got a formal shape in this syntactic sense, since one and the same belief can be given an indefinite number of different syntactic expressions in different linguistic systems.
	members.aol.com /NeoNoetics/MindsBrainsPrograms.html (7293 words)

	Searle, John S Philosophers Philosophy Society
		- A study of this argument by Searle and the discussion which it generated.
		Aimed at beginning students of the philosophy of mind.
		- Article by Larry Hauser, on Searle's well-known thought experiment opposing the possibility of artificial intelligence.
	www.iaswww.com /ODP/Society/Philosophy/Philosophers/S/Searle,_John (162 words)

	SearleCentral
		Searle Central: Writings by Searle, or concerning Searle.
		Articles relating to John Searle from a search of The Dictionary of the Philosophy of Mind
		Chinese room -An argument forwarded by John Searle intended to show that the mind is not a computer and how the Turing Test is inadequate.
	hiwaay.net /~wfgodot/cogsci/SearleCentral.html (762 words)

	ICG: Searle, Dawmec supplying the refrigeration and air-conditioning industries
		Searle launches new range of dry air coolers and condensers at IKK launch event.
		On a packed stand at the IKK 2006 exhibition, Managing Director Dave Gillett introduced the new product range, including live demonstrations of AC and EC fan control.
		Welcome to the web-site for Searle, Raffel and Dawmec - European leaders in the design and manufacture of Heat Exchangers, Coolers, Condensers and Condensing Units for the Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Industries across the world and the supply of compressors and related products for the UK.
	www.searle.co.uk (122 words)

	Kinship Foundation's Searle Scholars Program - Welcome!
		10/11/06: Amy Pasquinelli ('04 Searle Scholar) one of five to receive a Distinguished Young Scholars in Medical Research award for 2006 from the W.M. Keck Foundation.
		5/1/2006: Searle Scholars Dale Boger (‘81), Minx Fuller (‘85), Scott Hawley (‘84) and Susan McConnell (‘89) Elected Fellows of
		5/1/2006: Searle Scholars Stephen Goff (’82) and Terry Orr-Weaver (’88) elected to the National Academy of Sciences
	www.searlescholars.net (143 words)

	Ronald Searle ( - ) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		Ronald Searle, Wrong (man with a saw), drawing for page 5 of the booklet, How To Open A Bottle of Wine (Clos du Val and Taltarni: 1983), 1982
		Ronald Searle, Untitled (man with a gun), drawing for the front cover of the booklet, How To Open A Bottle of Wine (Clos du Val and Taltarni: 1983), 1982
		Ronald Searle, Wrong (woman forcing corkscrew into wrong end of bottle), drawing for page 7 of the booklet, How To Open A Bottle of Wine (Clos du Val and Taltarni: 1983), 1982
	wwar.com /masters/s/searle-ronald.html (1151 words)

	Toonhound - Ronald Searle
		Ronald William Fordham Searle's seat in the cartoon firmament was installed
		In the 1950's Searle was a cartoon express, producing a phenomenal amount
		Searle took leave of England in 1961 to escape
	www.toonhound.com /ronaldsearle.htm (524 words)

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