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Topic: Season of the Inundation

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	Season - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The ultimate cause of the seasons is the fact that the Earth's axis is not perpendicular to its orbital plane; it deviates by an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees of arc.
		In the temperate and polar regions, seasons are marked by changes in the amount of sunlight, which in turn often cause cycles of dormancy in plants and hibernation in animals.
		In the United States, the seasons are often considered to begin at the astronomical solstices and equinoxes: these are sometimes known as the "astronomical seasons".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Season (1255 words)

	Season of the Inundation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Season of the Inundation (Egyptian 3ht) is the first season in the ancient Egyptian calendar.
		It received its name because the ancient Egyptians marked the beginning of their year by the rising of the Nile flood waters; this event was important to these people because the waters left behind fertile silt and moisture which was the cause of the fertility of the Egyptian nation.
		The lunar calendar began on the heliacal rising of Sirius, which during the time of the ancient Egyptians occurred from July 17 to 19 (Julian); the four months of their lunar calendar are roughly equivalent to the period from the rising of Sirius to the middle of November.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Season_of_the_Inundation (214 words)

	Season of the Emergence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Season of the Emergence (Egyptian prt) is the second season in the ancient Egyptian calendar, following the Season of the Inundation.
		It received its name because this was the period when the Nile flood waters receded, and allowed the Egyptian peasants to plow and plant their fields.
		It was followed by the Season of the Harvest.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Season_of_the_Going_Out (170 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Inundation (pronounced akhet which lasted from June 21st to October 21st), Emergence (pronounced peret which lasted from October 21st to February 21st), and Summer (pronounced shemu which lasted from February 21st to June 21st).
		During the growing season (after the inundation had receded, if not exactly in the season according to the calendar) the Egyptians planted their crops - around October and November - and tended to the fields.
		The Egyptians watered their crops using an irrigation system of canals or by bringing water to the fields in basins or by using the shaduf, which is still in use in Egypt today, to raise water from the river to the bank of the Nile.
	www.lalc.k12.ca.us /target/bridges/lesson3_egypt.html (384 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Of equal importance, however, was the annual inundation of the Nile, which began in July as the result of heavy rainfall in Ethiopia.
		The first season was the inundation ('akhet'), followed by a period of sowing and germination ('peret') and by the dry season ('shemu').
		The god of the inundation was called Hapi, who was usually depicted as a fat man with pendulous breasts, with his body painted blue and with a number of water plants on his head, symbols of plenty and of fertility.
	www.let.leidenuniv.nl /Saqqara/Egyptology/Glossary/Inundation.html (260 words)

	98bor Effects of Nutrient Availability on Native Riparian Plant Growth/Effects of Prolonged Inundation
		The effects of prolonged inundation on native riparian plant species and saltcedar need to be documented.
		The length of the period of inundation and the season of inundation need to be studied to determine survivorship and regeneration changes for these species.
		Two of the reasons for this are prolonged inundation behind dams and the invasion of the exotic saltcedar.
	biology.usgs.gov /cro/98bor-7.htm (468 words)

	EPA > Wetlands > Impacts on Quality of Inland Wetlands of the United States > 7.0 Wooded Wetland Vegetation
		Although the existence of many woody wetland communities is absolutely dependent upon inundation, deviations of seasonal and annual hydrologic cycles from their "normal" regime (including stabilization of usually fluctuating regimes) can profoundly affect structure of woody plant communities in wetlands.
		Seasonal timing of woody plant sampling is less critical than is seasonal timing for sampling of herbaceous plants, because most woody plants are present and identifiable throughout the year.
		Mid-growing season is usually the recommended time, because of the visibility of seedlings and the relative ease in identifying species then.
	www.epa.gov /owow/wetlands/wqual/woody.html (2660 words)

	ALN No. 51: Bryant: Monitoring playa systems using RS
		In this case, groundwater inflow into the pan from shallow groundwater (which would have a seasonal signature resulting from fluctuations in evaporation rate) was not found to be significant; instead, precipitation was the dominant means of pan inundation.
		All of these inflow points were found to be inundated during the first flood event, suggesting that Etosha Pan received inflow from both the oshanas to the north of the pan and from channels flowing into the eastern portion of the pan (e.g.
		This corresponds generally with the seasonal reduction in AI observed in summer periods of 97/98 and 98/99, but it is clear that during inundation dust AI levels remain low for a more protracted period (9 months in the case of summer 99/00).
	ag.arizona.edu /OALS/ALN/aln51/bryant.html (2850 words)

	Investment in land and water in Cambodia - Chann Sinath
		In the dry season (9 percent), the crop is fully irrigated or grown with supplementary irrigation either in deep flooded areas or on land exposed by the receding flood.
		Dry season rice may be grown either as a fully irrigated crop at the end of the wet season, or in flood recession areas, normally with supplementary irrigation.
		During the wet season, as the water level in the Mekong rises, the flow in the Tonle Sap river draining the lake to the Mekong reverse and the lake fills, reducing the discharge downstream of Phnom Penh.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/005/AC623E/ac623e0c.htm (8301 words)

	Animal Info - Boto (Amazon River Dolphin)
		This seasonality means that the female boto's high energy demands near birth and during early lactation are met by increased availability of fish driven from flooded forests by falling water levels and forced back into, and concentrated in, the remaining waterways.
		Seasonal movements of botos are related to the migration of fish and the annual flooding cycle of the river.
		Botos have undefended home ranges, and seasonal movements are probably slight shifts in the boundaries of the core area.
	www.animalinfo.org /species/cetacean/iniageof.htm (2302 words)

	Welcome to Prairiesource.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A cool season native endemic to riparian areas is nodding wildrye or Canada wildrye.
		Establishment of the cool season grasses is by conventional methods familiar to all resource professionals and farmers.
		Broadcasting the chaffy native warm season grasses, big bluestem, indiangrass, little bluestem and sideoats grama require the use of a carrier such as wheat, oats, lime or fertilizer.
	www.prairiesource.com /newsletters/rehab.htm (1739 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Aklet, the season of the Inundation, which began about 19 July, Pert " going out ", the season for ploughing and sowing which began about 15 November, and Stem, the Harvest, which began about 16 March.
		With the rise of the Nile the peasants carefully directed the flood- water from the main canals to smaller branches transversing the fields in straight or curved lines, controlling it by means of embankments.
		But even the highest inundation did not over-flow all the fields and therefore the peasant had to bring the water of the Nile as near as possible to his field with a trench then erected and used the shaduf to lift it higher.
	www.agri.gov.eg /ancient.htm (844 words)

	1965 Atlantic hurricane season
		The 1965 Atlantic hurricane season was an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation.
		The most notable storm of the season was Hurricane Betsy.
		Betsy made landfall twice, once in extreme southern Florida, and again in Louisiana near the mouth of the Mississippi River.
	www.kiwipedia.com /1965-atlantic-hurricane-season.html (151 words)

	A History of Science Volume I - Part II
		The Egyptian seasons, it should be explained, were three in number: the season of the inundation, the season of the seed-time, and the season of the harvest; each season being, of course, four months in extent.
		Originally, as just mentioned, the season of the inundations began and coincided with the actual time of inundation.
		Each succeeding generation of Egyptians, then, may not improbably have associated the names of the seasons with the contemporary climatic conditions, troubling themselves little with the thought that in an earlier age the climatic conditions for each period of the calendar were quite different.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/sci/history/AHistoryofScienceVolumeI/chap4.html (1276 words)

	Floodplain Wetlands: HYDROLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		During the growing season, discharge typically exceeded levels of 11.0 m3/s (with the highest rates coinciding with the mid-point in the rainy season); when discharge reached levels of 40.0 m3/s in the upper basin and 57.0 m3/s in the lower basin, flooding occurred along the entire river.
		Indeed, data collected prior to channelization indicated that 94% of the floodplain was inundated with water between 35 and 50% of the the growing season.
		Water depths during inundation generally ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 meters, with depths of 1.0 meter or greater occurring within 40% of the floodplain for approximately 1/3 of the historical measured time-period (1929-1960).
	www.uvm.edu /~sapalmer/nr260/hydrology/hydrology.htm (730 words)

	Onsite Identification of Wetlands
		Wetlands require permanent or periodic inundation or soil saturation at the surface for a week or more during the growing season to be a wetland ecologically as well as for jurisdictional purposes.
		Recorded data of soil inundation and saturation for a significant time (more than a week) during the growing season and aerial photographs displaying inundation are other useful information sources to determine hydrology.
		A marsh or swamp is characterized by saturated, not inundated, soil conditions in the root zone, with emergent herbaceous or floating vascular (aquatic bed) vegetation.
	www.water.ncsu.edu /watershedss/info/wetlands/onsite.html (2078 words)

	The Inundation
		The first signs of the inundation were seen at Swentet (Aswan) by the end of June, reaching its swelling to its fullest at Cairo by September.
		Isis' sister Nephthys is also somewhat linked to the inundation - in one particular tale, she represents the desert while Osiris represents the inundation itself.
		As the inundation was a sign of fertility, Osiris and Nephthys were thought to have had a child - Anubis, god of mummification.
	www.thekeep.org /~kunoichi/kunoichi/themestream/inundation.html (1207 words)

	The role of local institutions in reducing vulnerability to natural disasters and long-term sustainable livelihood ...
		Gio My is prone to inundation during the rainy season, which affects this family 2-4 times/year.
		Inundation occurs every year, but her hut is elevated by about half a meter to keep the waters below.
		His house, however, is located near the river, which makes him vulnerable to the yearly inundation and floodwaters that come rushing down the Hai Lao River.
	www.fao.org /docrep/007/ae080e/ae080e07.htm (1594 words)

	Biological assessment - population and community structure monitoring (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A marked feature of the fish community of the Magela Creek system is a large migration from the floodplain to the upper reaches of the creek in the latter part of the Wet season, of two fish species, chequered rainbowfish and sailfin perchlet.
		The migration of both species is strongly correlated with the early flooding and inundation of the floodplains as indicated by the size of creek flow in December (early Wet season).
		Early inundation of the floodplain provides abundant resources at the time of peak spawning activity and a longer growing season which apparently results in greater numbers of young fish large enough to migrate when migration stimuli occur later in the Wet season.
	www.ea.gov.au /ssd/uranium-mining/outcomes/ranger/pop-monitoring.html (719 words)

	Climate Change Bangladesh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Inundation of agricultural lands, increased risk of cyclone damage and salinization of important ecological areas, such as the Sundarbans, are the most alarming impacts of climate change.
		Prolonged inundation, increased drought, salinity and loss of land due to erosion are the climate change enhanced risks facing agriculture.
		Sea level rise may inundate parts of the Sundarbans and ecosystems are threatened by salinization of surface and groundwater.
	www.mungo.nl /CC_Bangla.htm (5373 words)

	The Nile River
		Surviving nilometers exist connected with the temples at Philae, on the Nubian Egyptian border, Edfu, Esna, Kom Ombo, and Dendera, as well as the best-known nilometer on the island of Elephantine at Aswan.
		The three seasons were: akhet, Inundation, peret, the growing season, and shemu, the drought or harvest season.
		Inundation, layers of fertile soil were annually deposited on the flood-plain.
	touregypt.net /magazine/mag05012001/magf4a.htm (1476 words)

	Species: Populus deltoides
		In one instance, 8 days of complete inundation weakened all seedlings, while 16 days resulted in their mortality [112].
		Inundation does not necessarily have a detrimental effect upon germination [108].
		The fire season is usually in the fall, except in years with a dry, early spring [171].
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/tree/popdel/all.html (8184 words)

	Environmental Water Requirements to Maintain Wetlands of National and International Importance: Chapter 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Aspects of the ecological character include the intermittency, seasonality or permanency of the water regime, and the presence of particular vegetation communities and fauna.
		Dry phases give semi-permanent, seasonal or ephemeral wetlands their ecological character, as it affects many wetland processes (Crome, 1986, Balla and Davis, 1993, Bunn, 1999).
		In wetlands associated with rivers, the relationship between streamflow and area inundated may be determined through the analysis of streamflow data and remote sensing or aerial photograph interpretation (eg Bennett and McCosker, 1994).
	www.biodiversity.ea.gov.au /water/rivers/nrhp/wetlands/chapter4.html (1925 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		As the solar year is in fact 365 + 1/4 days long, it was thought by the early Egyptologists that the calendar slipped with respect to the seasons by 1 day every 4 years, so that it came back into sequence every 1461 years (365x4).
		I produced this to show that Sirius, at this period, rose with the sun around midsummer, and this is why it was thought to have been used to announce the summer/autumn inundation of the Nile.
		If the calendar were sliding with respect to the seasons, then by 1515BC III Shemu would be approximately 60 days after the heliacal rising of Sirius at the end of July, giving the start of the Shemu 'inundation' season at the end of August.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /davel/Calendars.htm (2314 words)

	Wetlands - Volume 20, Number 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The timing and extent of wet-season inundation are major influences upon the temporal and spatial distribution of floodplain resource use.
		Rice is cultivated in inundated areas that are then planted with other crops after the floods recede.
		Extensive inundation seems to act as a barrier to human activities in some areas and is responsible for the maintenance of natural vegetation within central parts of the wetlands.
	www.sws.org /wetlands/abstracts/volume20n4/THOMPSON.html (460 words)

	City of Big Bear Lake - General Plan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Mapping areas subject to inundation in the event of dam failures is required pursuant to California Government Code Section 8589.5 and 65302(g).
		Seismically induced inundation refers to flooding as a result of water retention structures, such as reservoirs, failing during an earthquake.
		Flood control and reservoir facilities could pose an inundation hazard if they contain water at the time of the seismic event, or if they are not repaired soon after an earthquake and prior to the next wet season.
	www.citybigbearlake.com /departments/plan/generalplan/Flooding/background.html (2088 words)

	The Nile River and Valley
		These three seasons were: akhet, Inundation, peret, the growing season, and shemu, the drought or harvest season.
		During the season of the Inundation, layers of fertile soil were annually deposited on the flood-plain.
		The alluvial deposits built up by the annual inundation formed a floodplain which is only about 6.2 miles wide on average, a mere 1½ miles wide at Aswan and 10 ½ miles wide at Beni Suef, just south of the Faiyum depression west of the Nile.
	www.ancient-egypt.net /nile_river_and_valley.htm (1891 words)

	Breastplate of the High Priest - Cohen Gadol - Twelve Tribes
		According to Exodus, the jewels on the breastplate of the High Priest were engraved with the names of the twelve tribes of Israel-- but we are not told which tribe to which jewel.
		It occurred to me that the zodiacal signs associated with the stones might be identified by comparing them with the modern birthstones which, the encyclopedias say, are derived from the jewels on the breastplate.
		To establish the correspondence between the birthstones and the jewels, one must recognize that the ancient jewels were arranged in three columns of four, in keeping with the Egyptian calendar of three seasons of four months, an evidence of Egyptian influence in the religion.
	www.lexiline.com /lexiline/lexi25.htm (1536 words)

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